词汇晨读01-2020届江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测.doc

1、2020届江苏高考英语3500词汇读练测(词汇晨读)01说明：本系列资料的例句尽可能多地选自高考真题或各地模拟试题；凡是形容词+ly构成的副词在本系列资料【拓展】栏目里不予列出。(aaffair)a(n) art. (a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前)：(泛指)一个：It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like a man. 人们普遍认为男孩必须学会像男人那样勇敢地站起来去战斗。(同类事物中的)任何一个或物：A square has four sides.正方形有四条边

2、。(与表示单位的词连用)每一：We meet twice a week.我们每星期见两次面。某，某一个：I cant tell you the way to the Wilsons because we dont have a Wilson here in the village.我无法告诉你去威尔逊家的路，因为我们村没有叫威尔逊的人。用于某些抽象名词前，使其具体化：The art show was far from being a failure; it was a great success.这次艺术表演远非一次失败，而是一次巨大的成功。同一(个)：Both of us are of an

3、 age.我们俩同岁。 abandon v.抛弃，遗弃，放弃，中止：They first arrived at the town where they were abandoned.她们第一次来到她们被遗弃的那个镇上。Finding himself under fire from all quarters, he had no alternative but to abandon his scheme fro the time being.发现自己四面楚歌，他不得不放弃目前的计划。Fearing further attacks from the enemy, most of the popul

4、ation in the area chose to abandon their hometown.害怕敌方的进一步袭击，该地区的大部分人选择了背井离乡。He abandoned teaching in favor of a career as a musician.他弃教从事音乐。They had to abandon the match because of rain.因为下雨，他们只好中止比赛。【拓展】abandon oneself to沉溺于，纵情于，陷入(to为介词)：Dontabandonyourselftoplayingfootball, Jim.不要沉溺于踢足球，吉姆。He a

5、bandoned himself to despair.他陷入了绝望。abandoned adj.被遗弃/抛弃/离弃的/废弃的，无人住的：She adopted an abandoned baby 25 years ago.他25年前收养了一个弃婴。We found an abandoned car. 我们发现了一辆被丢弃的汽车。Therewasanabandonedhousebytheriverside.河边有一所无人居住的房子。abandonment n.遗弃：Today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescen

6、ts is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence.今天对儿童和青少年生命最大的威胁不是疾病、饥饿或遗弃，而是暴力的可怕现实。ability n.能力：So our schools have a duty to teach them this ability from the beginning. 所以我们的学校有责任从一开始就教会他们这种能力。才能，才智：The purpose of this programme is to develop our interest in E

7、nglish learning and practical abilities in listening and speaking.本课程的目的是培养我们对英语学习的兴趣和听说的实践能力。able adj.有能力的，能够，能干的：Theyarebright,intelligent,ableandconfident.他们聪明又智慧，能干又自信。Withoutthemyouwillnotbeabletofinishthetasksyouhavebeforeyou.没有他们你将无法完成面临的任务。Theolderchildshouldbeabletoprepareasimplemeal.那个年纪稍大

8、的孩子应当会做一顿简单的饭菜。A person whose e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.电子邮件帐户已满的人将不能发送或接收任何电子邮件。【拓展】enable v.使能够，使可能：The retired man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu, enabling the students to return to their classrooms.那位退休人员将他的大部

9、分积蓄都捐给了玉树地震中被损坏的学校，使得学生能够重返课堂。able的反义词是unable：E-libraries are more and more popular in that they give us access to books when we are unable to physically get to a library.电子图书馆之所以越来越受到人们的欢迎，这是因为当我们本人去不了图书馆的时候，电子图书馆却给了我们接触书籍的机会。be able to 与can的区别：can表示想做就可以做到的能力，主语原本就具有的某种能力；be able to表示通过努力可以具备某种能力或

10、实现某种状态，重点强调的是要有一个努力的过程；过去经过一番努力设法做成某事也是强调了一个过程，只是这个过程发生在过去,并且成功了或者没成功(was/were able to=managed to do=succeeded in doing can)；can过去式是could，而be able to 可用于更多的时态。I am able to play the piano.(隐含着一层我需要努努力就会弹钢琴的意思)I can play the piano.(隐含着一层我本来就会弹钢琴的意思)Although the fire spread very quickly, we were able t

11、o run away.=Although the fire spread very quickly, we managed to run away.=Although the fire spread very quickly, we succeeded in running away.虽然大火蔓延得很快，但我们还是成功地逃脱了。I could play the piano when I was 6 years old.我6岁时就会弹钢琴了。One day people will be able to go to the moon on holiday.总有一天人们能够去月球度假。I am so

12、rry I havent been able to answer your letter in time.很抱歉我没能及时给你回信。abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的，变态的：We were very surprised at his abnormal behavior.我们对他的反常行为感到非常吃惊。He is mentally abnormal.他精神不正常。It is important to make a study of abnormal psychology.研究变态心理学是重要的。【拓展】abnormal的反义词是normal：The means was condemne

13、d by many as a departure from normal scientific method. 这种方法被许多人指责为是对正常科学方法的背离。Wecanstartlivinganormallifeagainnow.我们现在可以重新过上正常的生活了。aboard adv.& prep.上船(飞机、车)，在船(飞机、车)上：Welcome aboard this flight to London.欢迎搭乘本班开往伦敦的飞机。When I am about to go aboard a plane to go abroad, I often think about this.当我要登

14、机出国时，常常会考虑这件事。The Indonesian authorities are reluctant to make public the detailed information of the passengers aboard.印度尼西亚当局不愿透露机上乘客的详细信息。abolish v.终止，废除：It was Abraham Lincoln who abolished slavery in the United States.正是亚伯拉罕林肯废除了美国的奴隶制度。Bad customs should be abolished.坏的风俗应当废除。【拓展】abolition n.废

15、除，废止，取消：It has been two years since the abolition of the custom.这种习俗已经废止两年了。abortion n.流产，堕胎，(计划等)夭折、失败：Abortion is illegal in this country.人工流产在这个国家是不合法的。They are discussing the morality of abortion.他们正在讨论堕胎的道德性。 His attempt proved to be an abortion.他的企图没能得逞。about adv.大约，差不多：She is about fifty.她大约5

16、0岁。在周围，到处：I am used to going about alone.我习惯于独来独往。在附近：There was nobody about.附近没有人。prep. 在各处，到处：He traveled about the world.他周游了全世界。在附近(周围)：He looked about him now and then.他不时地环顾四周。关于，涉及：He talked about his family.他谈到了他的家人。在身上(边)：Do you have a lighter about you?你身上带有打火机吗？ 从事于：What are you about?你在干

17、什么？【拓展】How/What about怎么样：How about camping this weekend, just for a change?这个周末野营怎么样，来点新鲜的？What about that matter the other day?早几天的那件事怎么样了？be about to do sth.即将要做某事(不与具体的时间状语连用，但是可与when时间状语从句连用)：They are about to start.他们就要动身了。Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bi

18、rd.汤姆正要关上窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引了。above prep.高于，高出，在上方：A great person is always putting others interests above his own.一个伟大的人总是把别人的利益放在自己的利益之上。He was a good student and scored above average in most subjects.他是个好学生，大多数科目都在平均分以上。Themountainrises6000feetabovesealevel.那座山海拔6000英尺。超过，胜过：Health is above wealth.健

19、康胜过财富。不屑于，不至于，不会：He is above doing such things.他不至于做出这样的事情来。adj.上面的：the above statement如上所述(= the statement above) adv.在上面，在前面：the plan mentioned above上述计划。【拓展】above all首先，最重要的是：To be great, you must be smart, confident, and, above all, honest.要想成为伟大的人物，你必须聪明、自信，而最重要的是要为人诚实。above oneself自高自大，自命不凡：Ev

20、er since they made her assistant manager, shes been gettingaboveherself.自从他们让她当了助理经理后，她就开始自命不凡了。abroad adj.在国外，海外(一般作表语，作定语时一般后置)：Our products have entered the markets abroad.我们的产品已打入国外市场。Hes currently abroad on business.目前他正在国外做生意。adv.到(在)国外：Lydia doesnt feel like studying abroad. Her parents are o

21、ld.Lydia不想去国外留学，因为她的父母年纪大了。I have heard a lot good things about you since I came back from abroad. 自从你从国外回来我听到很多关于你的好评。【拓展】at/from home and abroad在/从国内外： Theystudiedindepththesituationathomeandabroad.他们深入地研究了国内外形势。Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. Attending the ceremony of the

22、 50th anniversary this morning are our alumni(校友)from home and abroad.尊敬的各位嘉宾、朋友们，欢迎光临我们学校！今天出席校庆50周年纪念活动的有来自国内外的校友。abrupt adj.突然的，意外的：Pugs abrupt proposal gave her a big surprise.帕格的出乎意料的求婚给了她一个意外的惊喜。The female driver was criticized online after being beaten up for abrupt lane changes.女司机突然变道遭殴打，引发

23、网络齐声讨。(举止、言谈等)唐突的，鲁莽的：His manner of speaking was quite abrupt.他的说话方式很唐突。He has an abrupt manner.他举止粗鲁。陡峭的，险峻的：We walked down an abrupt slope.我们沿着陡峭的斜坡走下来。absence n.不在，缺席，缺乏：Intheabsenceofmycommandingofficer,Iactedon myown initiative.指挥官不在场，我主动见机行事。It is because of a long absence from school that I a

24、m a bit behind the other classmates.正是因为长时间缺课，我有点儿落后于其他同学了。Intheabsenceofactual data no reliance can be placed on suchfigures.在缺乏实际资料的情况下，这样的数据不可靠。The police were delayed by the absence of information about the crime.警察由于未掌握犯罪情报而延误了行动。外出期间：After an absence of seven years I went home.外出7年后我返回了故乡。【拓展】

25、absence of mind心不在焉：Hisabsenceofmindindrivingcausedtheaccident.他开车时的心不在焉，引起了一场事故。absent adj. 缺席的，不在场的：Nobody is absent today.今天没人缺席。The soldier was absent from his camp for three days without asking for leave.这个士兵没有请假就离开营地三天。(作定语，表语)心不在焉的，走神的：Ioftendoabsent-mindedthings,particularlywhenImworried.我常做

26、些心不在焉的事，尤其是在我焦虑不安时。The first two classes ended quickly because I was absentminded.前两节课很快就结束了，因为我心不在焉。He looked at me in an absent way.他茫然地看着我。缺乏的：This idiom is absent in that dictionary.那本词典里没有这个习语【拓展】be absent from不在某处：Ihaveaterribleheadacheandwillbeabsentfromtheofficetoday.我头痛的很厉害，今天我不上班了。absolute

27、 adj.十足的，地道的：Ithinkitsabsolutenonsense.我认为那十足是无稽之谈。绝对的，完全的：Thats absolute nonsense!那完全是胡说！There is no absolute standard for beauty.美是没有绝对的标准的。Independent thinking is an absolute necessity.独立思考是绝对必要的。确实的，肯定的，无疑的：The police have absolute proof of his guilt.警方有他犯罪的确凿证据。不受任何限制，不受任何约束的，有无上权力或权威的：We dont

28、like the absolute ruler who does just as he please.我们不喜欢为所欲为的专制统治者。absorb v.吸收：Dry sand absorbs water.干沙吸水。汲取，理解/获得(知识、信息等)：I have no time to absorb what he said.我没有时间弄懂他所说的话。Absorbed in the magazine, you can absorb the latest information. 专注于这本杂志，你就可以获得最新的信息。 吸引的注意，使全神贯注：He is absorbed in study.他专心

29、学习。把并入，并吞，同化：Most little shops have been absorbed into big businesses.大多数小店已被并入大公司。【拓展】(be/become)absorbed in.全神贯注于，专心于：Absorbed in painting, John didnt notice evening approaching. 全神贯注于绘画中，约輸没有注意到夜幕降临了。They all became absorbed in technical innovations.他们都一心一意地搞技术革新。absorption n.吸收，全神贯注，专心致志，合并：Exer

30、cise can promote absorption of nutrients by the body.运动可以促进身体吸收营养。He painted the lid of the piano with absorption.他专心致志地油漆着钢琴盖。The absorption of several small firms made this group even stronger.合并了几家小公司后，这个集团更加强大。abstract adj.抽象的：The article written by the famous economist is really abstract. None

31、of us can understand it.那位著名经济学家写的这篇文章真的很抽象。我们中没有人能够理解。抽象派的：Abstract paintings did not appeal to him.抽象派绘画引不起他的兴趣。n.抽象派艺术作品：=an abstract work of art 摘要，梗概：In the lecture, the professor told his students how to write an abstract of a graduate paper, expressing the main argument.在讲座中，教授告诉他的学生怎样写一个论文的摘

32、要部分，来表达一个主要的论点。absurd adj.荒谬的，愚蠢的，可笑的：The actors absurd behavior put an end to the last traces of affection his fans had for him.那个演员荒谬的行为结束了他的粉丝们对他的喜爱。Absurd as it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.虽然它听起来荒诞，在场的每个人都被他在非洲的冒险故事逗乐了。abundant adj.丰富的，充裕的：Theautumn,

33、istheabundantharvestday.秋天，是个丰收的日子。Our country is abundant in natural resources.我国自然资源丰富。abuse v.滥用：To the publics delight, a large number of government officials who abused their power have been well punished.令公众高兴的是，许多滥用职权的政府官员得到了应有的惩罚。辱骂，虐待：The organization is urging people to boycott goods from

34、companies that use child labor and abuse animals.这个组织呼吁人们对使用童工、虐待动物的公司的产品进行抵制。n.滥用，妄用：The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.政府已成立工作组调查滥用毒品问题。辱骂，说坏话，侮辱：He greeted me with a stream of abuse.他见到我就连声辱骂。academic adj.(学院或大学)教学的，学术的：Theiracademicstandardsarehigh.他

35、们的教学水平很高。Thiscollegehasagoodacademicreputation.这所大学有良好的学术声誉。纯理论的，不切实际的，空谈/想的：It is a purely academic question.这是一个纯理论问题。The whole things academic nowwe cant win anyway.现在这一切都是纸上谈兵(不切实际的)反正我们赢不了。You neednt be too concerned about what to wear to the partyits all academic anyway, becauseyou havent even

36、 been invited yet.你不必为穿什么去参加派对而过于担心啦这都是空想，因为人家没有邀请你。n.大学教师或科研人员，大学生，学者：Theauthorisanacademic with rich experience.作者是一位经验丰富的学者。academy n.(高等)专科院校：He is a student in an academy of music.他是一所音乐学院的学生。Itsamilitaryacademy.这是一所军校。研究院，学会：the Academy of Sciences of China中国科学院 accelerate v.(使)加速，促进，增加：More e

37、fforts, as reported, will be made in the years ahead to accelerate the supply-side structural reform.正如报道的那样，在未来几年将做出的努力，以加速供给则结构改革的速度。I decided to accelerate our advertising.我决定增加广告量。【拓展】acceleration n.加快，加速(度)：He has also called for an acceleration of political reforms.他同时呼吁加快政治改革的步伐。All spacemen

38、must be able to bear acceleration.所有太空人都应能承受加速度。accent n. 口音，腔调：He speaks with a strong Shanghai accent.他说话带有很重的上海口音。重音：The word “lady” has its accent on the first syllable. Lady.这个词的重音在第一个音节。强调，重点：In all our products the accent is on quality.在我们的所有产品中，最重视的就是质量。accept v. 接受/收，录取：If accepted for the

39、job, youll be informed soon.如果你被接受来担任这项工作，我们将很快通知你。This special school accepts all disabled students, regardless of educational level and background.这所特殊学校接收所有的残疾学生，不管他们的教育水平和背景如何。The news that he had been accepted to Beijing University spread quickly.他已被北京大学录取的消息迅速传开。认为，承认：I do not accept that ther

40、e is any kind of crisis in British science.我不认为英国科学界有什么危机。He accepts full responsibility for what happened.他承认对所发生的事负完全责任。【拓展】acceptable(相当于accepted)adj.可以接受的：We want a political solution that is acceptable to all the parties.我们需要一个各方都可接受的政治解决方案。access n. 接近，进入：You can easily get access to him.你很容易见

41、他。通道，入口：The system has been designed to give students quick and easy access to the digital resources of the library.人们设计这个系统是为了让学生快洁地使用图书馆的数字资源。(接近、进入或享用)的机会：According to the new government plans, peasants children have equal access to public schools in the city at present.目前根据政府新的计划，农民的孩子有平等的机会进入城市

42、的公立学校就读。It was really annoying; I couldnt get access to the data bank you had recommended.这真是令人生气。我不能进入你推荐的数据库。v.存取(计算机文件)：I accessed three different files to find the correct information.我存取了三个不同的文件以寻找正确的信息。接近，进入，使用，获取：The ladder can be accessed by a ladder.搭梯子可以上阁楼。Youve illegally accessed and mis

43、used confidential security files.你已经非法访问并盗用了机密的安全文件。We cant access the Internet.我们连不上网。【拓展】accessible adj.可到达的，可接近的，可进入的，容易理解的，易懂的：These documents are not accessible to the public.公众无法看到这些文件。Such information is not really accessible.这种信息不是很容易得到的。A manager should be accessible to his staff.一个管理人员应该让职

44、员感到平易近人。This database is only accessible by the authorized manager.只有授权的管理员才可以访问此数据库。He is not accessible to pity.他不大有同情心。His poems are always very accessible.他的诗总是通俗易懂。The information ought to be made more accessible.信息资料应该明白易懂。accident n. 事故，意外事件：Two people were injured in the accident.这次事故中有两人受伤。

45、意外，偶然：It is quite an accident.这是一件很偶然的事。The police found the lost kid by accident.警察无意中找到了那个失踪的孩子。【拓展】by accident(=by chance)偶然地，无意中：I as quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.我很偶然地发现了他的话的深刻含义。by accident of因为的机会，由于的运气：By accident of birth she was rich.她有幸出生于富裕人家。without

46、accident平安无事地：We got back without accident.我们平安无事地回来了。accommodation n.住处，住宿，膳宿：This hospital has accommodation(s) for 500 patients.这家医院有500个床位。Id also like to know how much I have to pay for the course and whether accommodation is included.我还想知道我要付多少学费，是否包括住宿费。What did he do in return for free accom

47、modation and food offered by the kind couple?他做什么来回报那对好心的夫妇给他提供的免费食宿昵？【拓展】accommodate v.供给住宿，使适应，容纳，提供，调解：This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.这旅馆可供500位来宾住宿。One flat can accommodate a family of five.一套单元房可容纳一个五口之家。We must accommodate ourselves to circumstances.我们必须适应环境。Her eyes took a while to accommodate to the darkness.过了一会儿