高考英语短文改错高频考点TOP 13 细节知识点（解析版）.doc

1、专题13 短文改错高频考点TOP 13 细节知识点考点一 many, much, more的区别1) many 修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与 few(少数)相对；much用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对。注意：“many a+单数可数名词”的用法：形式上为单数，但意义上为复数(意为“许多”)，若用作主语，其谓语通常与形式一致而不与意义一致(即谓语用单数)。2) more 与某些双音节或多音节的形容词、副词一起构成其比较级3）much可以修饰比较级（以及最高级）例：Socialism is a much higher social system than capit

2、alism.Try to speak Chinese as many as possible.【答案】many改为much【解析】句义：尽可能多说汉语。结合句义，“多说汉语”不可数，应该用不可数Much rare animals are dying out.【答案】much改为many【解析】many修饰可数名词，animals表示“多种动物”Its been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.【答案】many改为much【解析】句义：花了我太多钱，“花了太多”是不可数，故用much考点二 Be of+抽象名词1) be of 后可

3、接value, importance, use, help, significance, interest, benefit 等一些抽象词，这样的结构用来说明句子主语所具有的作用、重要性或意义。 在这类抽象名词前我们可用一些形词，如: great, little, some, any, no, not much等来修饰抽象名词，用以说明程度。如:They are of great help to learners of English.他们对英语学习者有很大帮助。2) be of +名词，还可用来说明句子主语在度量，大小，颜色，类别等方面的特征。这类名词有colour, age, size,

4、height, weight, shape, type，kind, quality等。在这类名词前常用different,all, the same, this, that,a(n) + 形容词等词来修饰或说明。如：Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes, and of different metals. 货币可能在大小、重量、形状和铸造的金属方面都有所不同。These pens are of many different colours.这些笔有许多不同的颜色。The book will be of great valuable to

5、 students of history.【答案】valuable改为value【解析】of+抽象名词的结构，故改为value考点三to ones + 情感类名词“to + ones +情感名词”是英语中一个十分有用的结构,主要表示某人由于某事的发生而唤起其内心的某种情感,通常译为“令某人的是”“使某人感到的是”能用于该结构的名词非常有限,常见的有 admiration (羡慕), amazement (惊奇), amusement (娱乐), annoyance (烦恼), astonishment (惊奇), delight (欣喜), despair(绝望), disappointmen

6、t(失望), embarrassment(难堪), happiness(幸福), horror (恐怖), joy (高兴), puzzlement (疑惑), regret (遗憾), relief (放心), satisfaction (满意), shame (羞愧), sorrow (悲伤), surprise (惊讶)等如: To my amazement, he arrived on time. 令我惊异的是,他居然准时赶到了To my great amusement his false beard fell off. 使我感到极其好笑的是,他的假胡子掉了下来若要加强该结构的语气,通

7、常有两种方式:1) 在名词前加 great, deep, utter 等形容词修饰如:To our great delight the day turned out fine. 使我们感到十分高兴的是,天气转晴了To my great disappointment I failed to get the job. 我没得到那份工作,大为失望2) 在整个短语前加副词 greatly, much 等修饰如:Greatly to my regret, I can not attend the party. 很可惜的是,我无法参加聚会He has succeeded, much to the deli

8、ght of his parents. 他成功了,这使他父母都非常高兴To our great delighted the day turned out fine.【答案】delighted改为delight【解析】to+ones+表示情绪的名词，故改为delight考点四 Late, later, latest, latelylate adj. 形容词，1)“迟的，晚的”Iwaslateforschool.我上学迟到了。2) 晚期的,末期的HebegantheworkinlateMay.他在五月底开始这项工作。3) 不久前的，最近的thelategovernment上届政府4)新的；刚刚到的

9、somelatenews一些新消息adv. 副词，1)迟，晚Igotuplate.我起晚了。2)晚期，末期Thebushwasplantedlateintheseason.灌木是在季末才种上的。later 1) 副词，“以后、后来”可单独使用，用于过去时或将来时；Latertheboyfoundhismother.后来那个男孩找到了他的妈妈。2) 副词，“之后、过了”，可放在时间段后，只用于过去时；HearrivedinLondononMonday,twodayslaterheleftforNewYork.他星期一到了伦敦，两天后他出发去纽约。3) 形容词，为late的比较级或意为“后期的，晚

10、期的”thelatercomers来的较晚的人latest1)副词，late的最高级“最晚，最迟”cometheearliestandleavethelatest来得最早，走得最晚2)形容词“最迟的、最晚的”thelatestcomer来的最迟的人“最近的、最新的”thelatestPairsfashion最新的巴黎时装款式3)名词，“最新消息、时装等”Haveyouheardthelatestaboutthewar?你听到有关战争的最新消息了吗？Lately副词，与recently同义。“最近、近来”Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?你最近在做什么？Hecameaslat

11、elyaslastweek.他最近在上周来过。Late on，my aunt drove my home.【答案】Late改为Later【解析】Late迟的，晚的；Later之后考点五 much, even, than1) Even修饰形容词、副词的比较级，加强比较的语气和程度，表示前者比后者强很多，通常采用much, still等He works still harder than ever.=He works harder still than ever. 他比以往更加努力学习了。2) 表示前者在某方面远远地超过对方时，通常采用far, by far, a lot, a great dea

12、l等。Matters are a lot better than ever before. 情况远远比以往好。3) 在否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中，修饰形容词、副词的比较级，只能用any来修饰。He cant jump any higher. 他不能跳得更高了。Can he jump any higher? 他能跳得更高一些吗？ I will buy a car to drive them to wherever they want when I grow up because the car is faster and very convenient than the bike，espec

13、ially when it rains.【答案】very改为more【解析】and表示并列，前面faster比较级，故and之后也是比较级考点六 The+比较级，the+比较级“The+比较级,the+比较级”.该结构意为“越,越”The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is able to answer them.问题越难,他回答出来的可能性就越小.The harder you study, the high your scores will be.【答案】high改为higher【解析】“The+比较级,the+比较

14、级”的结构，故改为higher考点七 比较级+比较级Life is becoming betterandbetter.考点八 介词to+doingbelong to属于add to增加be used to习惯于 be addicted to沉溺于be accustomed to习惯于 stick to坚持be devoted to贡献 adapt to适应object to反对 refer to谈到get down to开始做 lead to导致contribute to有助于 turn to求助；转向When it comes to.当提及到So I am used to talk in f

15、ront of other people.【答案】talk改为talking【解析】be used to doing习惯于做某事，故改为talking考点九 介词+doing1. 单个的介词，如： in，on，with，by，for，at，about，under，of 等；2. 复合介词，例如：into，within，throughout，inside，outside，without 等；3. 短语介词，如：out of, because of, away from, on top of, ever since, next to, according to, in front of 等。一般情

16、况下，介词后的动词都应该用doing的形式（but, except除外） 1) For fear of get up late the next morning, I put three alarm clocks near my bed and set the alarm respectively at 6: 00, 6:10 and 6: 15.【答案】get改为getting【解析】of介词，后加doing形式2) Thanks for listen.【答案】listen改为listening【解析】for介词，后加doing形式考点十 强调句1)陈述句的强调句型It is/ was +

17、被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。例子 It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2)not until 句型的强调句A. 句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其他部分普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.3)谓语动词的强调A. It is/ was . that .

18、 结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或didDo sit down. 务必请坐。Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！B. 注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形。考点十一 too, as well as, either, as wellas well 用法： 1、as well常用作状语,作“又；也”解,相当于too或also,常位于句末,无须用逗号与句子分开.如： I am going to London and my sister

19、 is going as well（going,too）.as well as后接动名词短语,意为“不但而且”,若后接从句,则是和.一样，,请看下列例句：She sings as well as she plays. 她弹得好,唱得也好.He speaks French as well as(he speaks)English. 他英语和法语讲得一样好.2. as well as连接两个谓语动词时,它们的时态应保持一致.例如： He publishes as well as prints his own books.他的书是他自己印刷出版的.We are repairing the roof

20、as well as painting the walls.我们在粉刷墙壁同时也在修理屋顶.also，either与too三者都是“也”的意思，also ,too 用于肯定句，其中also用于句中，too用于句尾，且前面有逗号；either用于否定句,且前面有逗号。例如：His father is a doctor; his mother is also a doctor.His father is a doctor; his mother is a doctor, too.His father isnt a doctor; his mother isnt a doctor, either.考

21、点十二 星期，every, this, that, next, last+day, week, month, year等词前不加介词或冠词1) 当时间状语是today, yesterday, tomorrow, tonight, yesterday/tomorrow morning(afternoon, evening)等时，其前不用介词。例如：There was a football match yesterday evening.昨天晚上有一场足球赛。2) 由this, that, these, those等构成的短语前不用介词。例如：Ill visit my grandparents t

22、his week.这一周我要去看望我的祖父母。3) 由形容词last，next等指示代词修饰的名词词组用作时间状语时，前面的介词at, on, in一般省略。例如：I saw him in the street sometime last week.上周我在街上见过他。但是，如果不是介词at, on, in，而是其他类型的介词，一般不能省略。如：I havent been to my hometown since last year.从去年以来我就没回过家乡。4) 在以“the day (week, month, year)+before/after”构成的时间状语前不用介词。例如：Where

23、 did you go the day before yesterday? 前天你去哪里了？5) 由every, each等表示频率的副词构成的短语用做时间状语时，其前不用介词。例如：Do you watch TV every day? 你们每天看电视吗？考点十三 therefore, besides, however, otherwise, moreover这些副词连词可以连接两个从句或两个句子。此时它们被认为是“准连词”。除了therefore二者为连词外，它们也可有其他用法，有时用做其他词类。它们在句中的位置取决于它们的用法。1) besides（介词）意为“除外又”。它位于名词代词动名

24、词之前：Besides doing the cooking I look after the garden除了做饭之外我还得管园子。besides（副词）意为“又，另外”，通常位于它引导的从句之前，有时也可位于其后：I cant go now；Im too busyBesides，my passport is out of date我现在不能走，我太忙了。何况我的护照过期了。在较正式的英语中，可以用moreover代替besides。在较非正式的英语中，也可用anyway或 in any case代替这样使用的 besides：Anyway，my passports out of date反正

25、，我的护照过期了。2) however可位于形容词副词之前：You couldnt earn much，however hard you worked无论你干得多卖力，你都挣不了多少钱。however（连词）通常意为“但是”，可位于它所引导的从句之前或之后，或位于第一个词或短语之后：Ill offer it to TomHowever，he may not want itHe may not want it howeverTom，however，may not want itIf，however，he doesnt want it.我将提出把这个给汤姆，然而他可能不要它。而汤姆可能不要它。然而

26、，万一汤姆不要它的话但提到两句意义相反的话时， however意为“但是仍然同样”：They hadnt trained hard，buthowever/nevertheless/all the same they won howeverneverthelessall the same他们并没有刻苦训练，但无论如何仍然同样获胜了。3) otherwise（副词）常常位于动词之后：It must be used in a wellventilated roomUsed otherwise it could be harmful必须在通风条件好的房间里使用。如不这样使用则可能是有害的。otherw

27、ise（连词）意为“要是不否则”：We must be early；otherwise we wont get a seat我们得早点去，否则我们就没有座位了。在英语口语中，这里也可用or：We must be early or（else）we wont get a seat（译文同上。）4) therefore（连词）在正式英语中可用来代替so。它可位于一个从句之前、该从句的第一个词或第一个短语之后、或该从句的主要动词之前：There is fog at Heathrow；the plane，therefore，has been diverted/the plane has therefor

28、e been divertedtherefore the plane has been diverted希思罗机场有雾；因此飞机转飞别的机场了。1) Encouraging by our English teacher, we talked about our understanding of dreams. Opinions on this matter differ from person to person. Otherwise, we all believed that our dreams would come true one day.【答案】otherwise改为however【

29、解析】根据句义，应改为however2) The sea is vast and sometimes you can find a boat or a ship.You may also do some fishing as far as it is permitted. Moreover，I think the driver there drive too fast in the street.【答案】moreover改为however【解析】根据句义，前后表示转折3) Before I left，I do check it carefully and everything was all

30、right.When I got home，therefore，I found a fault with it.【答案】therefore改为however【解析】根据句义，前后表示转折考点十四 Instead of, instead的误用1) 词性不同。insteadof是短语介词，意思是“代替”、“而不是”。instead 是副词，意思是“代替”、“顶替”。例如： Shallwehavefishinsteadofmeattoday?我们今天吃鱼不吃肉，好吗？ Givemetheredboxinsteadoftheyellowone.把那个红色的盒子给我，不是这个黄色的。2) 使用方式不同，

31、instead 一般用在句末，如位于句首时常用逗号与后面阁开。与insteadof不同，insteadof后面一般接名词、代词、动名词或介词短语作它的宾语。instead 在顺接句子中作“代替”讲，而在转折(或逆转)句子中作“然而”讲。例如： LastsummerIwenttoQingdao.ThissummerImgoingtoDalianinstead.去年夏天我去了青岛。今年夏天我将去大连。Lily isnt here.Ask Lucy instead.Lily不在这儿，去问Lucy吧。注意：当instead在祈使句中时，只能位于句末。She thinks I should spend

32、more time help her with the housework instead going out a lot.【答案】instead后加of【解析】go out a lot是短语，故加of考点十五 Because of, because的误用1) 从词性上看because是连词，其后接句子。becauseof是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等。如：Ididntbuyitbecauseitwastooexpensive.我没有买是因为它太贵了。Heisherebecauseofyou(that).他为你(那事)而来这里。2) 从用法上看because所引导的从句除

33、用作原因状语外，还可用作表语。而复合介词becauseof所引导的介词短语通常用作状语而不用作表语。如：Itisbecausehelovesyou.那是因为他爱你。如：Hewasabsentbecauseoftherain.他因雨缺席。考点十六 复合不定代词语义的误用复合不定代词是由some-，any-，no-，every-加上-one，-body，-thing，-where， -time所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括：someone（某人）somebody（某人）something（某事物）somewhere（某地）anyone（任何人）anybody（任何人）anything（任何事物

34、）anywhere（任何地方）no one（没人）nobody（没人）nothing（没事物）nowhere（没有地方）everyone（每个人）everybody（每个人）everything（一切事物）everywhere（一切地方）等。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语。由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something和anything；someone和anyone；somebody和anybody）之间的区别跟some和any的区别一样。1) something，someone，somebody通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，an

35、ybody一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。Do you have anything to say ？你有话要说吗？I cant meet anybody on the island. 在岛上，我没遇见任何人。2) 在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody等复合不定代词。如:Would you like something to eat?要些吃的东西吗

36、？Isnt there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗？3) 当anything表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句中。如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。1) I am very happy that you are interested in the protection of antelopes in China，so Id like to tell you everything about i

37、t.【答案】everything改为something【解析】根据句义，“所以我想告诉你关于它的一些事儿”，故改为something2) Without a healthy body，you cannot do everything even if you are a millionaire.【答案】everything改为anything【解析】句义：没有一个健康的身体，即使你是百万富翁，你也做不了任何事。故改为anything考点十七 疑问词+to do, 弄清how, whatwhat to do做什么问的是动作的对象，what是代词，在短语中做宾语；how to do 怎样做问的是动作

38、的方式，how是副词，在短语中做方式状语，还需要加宾语。I want to know for us what to do and how to do.【答案】第二个do后加it【解析】do后缺少宾语，故加代词it考点十八 Before, ago“之前”的区别1) ago的用法：ago表示某时间以前，在其前面放上一个时间词组，如：3 years ago（3年以前）, 2 days ago（两天以前）, one year and a half ago（一年半以前）, 4 months ago（4个月以前）：用到ago这个词时，句子一般用过去式：I came to Guangzhou and set

39、tled down 6 years ago.我六年前来到广州并定居下来。Jenny didnt know how to ride a bike 5 months ago.珍丽5个月前还不会骑自行车。2) before的用法 : 我们可以在before后面放上一个名词，或名词性词组：Ill try to finish my report before dinner.我要在晚饭前完成这个报告。同时，我们也可以在before后放一个句子，表示在做某事之前，一般也会用过去式，或一般时：Before I came to Guangzhou, I was in Beijing as an English

40、interpreter.我来广州之前，在北京做英语口译。另外，before还可以直接单独使用，表示“从前”，“以前”：I never thought about it before.Some of our plants were very small several years before, but now they are large and very beautifully.【答案】before改为ago【解析】several years是一段时间，应改为ago考点十九 Suggest虚拟语气Suggest表示建议,用法如下：1)Suggest+ 名词/代词或suggest+名词/代词t

41、o+人,但不能说suggest sb sth ,即不能加双宾做宾语eg:We suggest him the plan ()但We suggest the plan to him()2）suggest+doing stheg He suggested going out for a walk.注意：suggest 不可以加不定式,所以上面的句子不可以这样写：He suggested to go out for a walk.()4suggest +(that )+主语+(should) do+sth 其中的should 可以省略eg:He suggested that you should g

42、o there tomorrow.=He suggested you go there tomorrow.注意,不可以这样说：He suggested you to go there tomorrow.也就是说suggest不可以加不定式的复合结构.5）it is suggested that +主语+(should )do stheg:It is suggested that the work (should) be finished at once.6)suggestion做主语时,其后的表语从句也用这个结构即：The suggestion is that +主语+should +do s

43、theg:His suggestion is that I should leave for Beijing immediately.suggest 表示暗示或表明之意,注意此时做主语时后面的表语从句用陈述语气eg:Her yawn suggested that she was sleepy.她哈欠连天表明她困了.Itwas strongly suggested that everyone turns to cloth bags and shopping baskets.【答案】turn改为turn或者turned【解析】分析句子结构，此句为主语从句，主语从句中有suggest，从句用虚拟语气

44、考点二十 感叹句what, howwhat与how的区别：how修饰形容词、副词或动词，而不能修饰名词。一般来说，what用来强调名词，how用来强调形容词或副词，而且两者之间经常可以相互转化。如：1) 当强调可数名词单数时what的用法一般为：What+a（+形容词）+单数可数名词+主谓+!，此时可以转化为how的用法，其结构为：How+形容词或副词+a+单数可数名词+主谓+!。如：What a clever boy he is!How clever a boy he is!有时，what后面的名词前没有形容词修饰。如：What a day! （今天真糟糕！）2) 当强调可数名词复数时wha

45、t的用法一般为：What（+形容词）+复数可数名词+主谓+!，此时转化为how的结构时，会有所变化，原来的复数名词会成为句子的主语，即结构为：How+形容词或副词+复数可数名词主语+谓语动词+!。如：What clever boys they are!How clever the boys are!3) 当强调不可数名词时what的用法一般为：What（+形容词）+不可数名词+主谓+!，how的用法一般为：How+形容词或副词+该不可数名词作主语+谓语动词+!。如：What delicious bread it is!How delicious the bread is!4) 如何区分在实际运

46、用当中，要想快速确定到底是用what还是how，可采用的方法是：分析句子成分，找到句子的主谓成分，然后从该主语往前看，如果第一个词语时名词，则使用what；如果是形容词或副词，则使用how。如：_ tasty smell the cake gave off!. _ interesting the story is!第1句中的主谓结构是the cake gave off（判断方法是：先找到谓语动词gave off，再往前确定该谓语动词的主语the cake），然后再往前看第一个单词是smell，在这里是个名词，所以空缺处要填入What。第2句中的主谓结构是the story is，往前看第一个单词是interesting，是个形容词，所以空缺处要填入How。How a pity!【答案】How改为What【解析】在感叹句中what修饰名词考点二十一 Besides, beside词形的误用besides用法见第14条beside prep. 在旁边Beside，Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.