历年八级翻译真题分析-课件.ppt
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1、英语专业八级考试翻英语专业八级考试翻译真题解析译真题解析考试大纲对翻译的要求 o翻译项目为主观试题,分两个部分。第一部分Section A Chinese to English,要求考生将文内约150个左右的汉字译成英语。第二部分Section B English to Chinese,要求考生将文内约150个左右的英语译成汉语,o高校英语专业八级考试大纲(2019年新版)对汉译英测试提出了两点较新的要求:第一,能运用汉译英的理论和技巧,翻译我国报刊杂志上的文章和一般文学作品。速度为每小时250至300个汉字。第二、译文必须忠实原意,语言通顺、流畅。(1)内容上以文学翻译和政论性文章为主(2)
2、在质量的要求上强调忠实和通顺,现在还加上了“流畅”这一较高的标准。TEM8,2019 汉译英试题o在巴黎,名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是个交朋友的好机会。在这样的场合陌生人相见如果是亚洲人,他们总是在开口之前先毕恭毕敬的把自己的名片递上,这好象是不可缺少的礼节。然而法国人一般都不大主动递送名片,双方见面寒暄几句,甚至海阔天空的聊一番也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。二话不说,先掏名片反而有些勉强。1 汉语理解o广交朋友:make friends extensively?oMake a lot of friendso“冷餐会”、“酒会”:cold dish party?
3、obuffet reception dinner partyo“寒暄”:coldly talk for a while?oexchange of conversational greetings;exchange of amenities or compliments(见面时谈论天气冷暖的应酬话)o“海阔天空”:unrestrained and far-rangingo“二话不说”:before starting a conversationo“投机”:speculativeoagreeableo“勉强”:reluctantounnatural学生译文:o(1)双方见面寒暄几句也就各自走开。o
4、They will leave after exchanges of some polite expressions of formulas.o(2)甚至海阔天空地聊一番也就各自走开。oThey will leave even after a lot of talking.o(3)二话不说先递名片反倒有些勉强。oIt seems reluctant to offer visiting cards without a word.oIt seems somewhat unnatural for them to give name cards before getting into conversa
5、tion.o(4)他们往往开口之前先必恭必敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方。oThey usually present their name cards respectfully with both hands before opening their mouths.oWhen strangers meet on such occasions,an Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation.o(5)只有当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。oOnl
6、y when they are speculative in their conversation and hope to keep in touch later on will they give name cards.oThey will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relationship.Have further intercourse2 英语表达o翻译应该对汉英思维方式差异心中有数,否则很容易受到思维方式的负干扰。我们需要的是TL思维方式的积极引导,排除SL思
7、维方式的消极干扰。o如英语名词有数的范畴,汉语没有,因此汉译英时必须对名词的数作出选择。英语中“亚洲人”复数加S,而法国人复数为加 -men,有的同学就译出“Asianman,Asianmen,Frenches”。试比较英语中有关民族的词汇(Quirk)Specific reference Generic referencesingularpluralpluralAn AmericanA GermanAn AsianA EuropeanAmericansGermansAsiansEuropeans The AmericanThe GermansThe AsiansThe EuropeansAn
8、 EnglishmanA Frenchman EnglishmenFrenchmen The EnglishThe French英语中的可数和不可数o“礼节礼节”:an etiquette or etiquette?o这词是不可数的,意思是这词是不可数的,意思是manners,a set of customs and rules for polite behavior.o“冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会”:are good opportunities?o英语表达习惯是英语表达习惯是to give sb.an opportunity of/to oIn Paris,variou
9、s cocktail parties and buffet dinners provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends.3 文化因素o冷餐会:get-togethers at which hosts offer their guests cold food /barbecue(student)?o准确:buffet mealo名片:card,name card;business card;visiting card;calling cardo“ID card”?参考译文在巴黎,名目繁多在巴黎,名目繁多的酒会、冷餐会是的酒会
10、、冷餐会是个交朋友的好机会。个交朋友的好机会。在这样的场合陌生在这样的场合陌生人相见如果是亚洲人相见如果是亚洲人,他们总是在开人,他们总是在开口之前先毕恭毕敬口之前先毕恭毕敬的把自己的名片递的把自己的名片递上,这好象是不可上,这好象是不可缺少的礼节缺少的礼节。o In Paris,cocktail parties and buffet dinners in honor of this or that provide an excellent opportunity to make a lot of friends.When strangers meet on such occasions,an
11、 Asian tends to present his name card respectfully with both hands before the conversation,which seems to be required by etiquette.o然而法国人一般都不然而法国人一般都不大主动递送名片,双大主动递送名片,双方见面寒暄几句,甚方见面寒暄几句,甚至海阔天空的聊一番至海阔天空的聊一番也就各自走开。只有也就各自走开。只有当双方谈话投机,希当双方谈话投机,希望继续交往时才会主望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。二话不动掏出名片。二话不说,先掏名片反而有说,先掏名片反而有些勉强些勉强
12、。However,the French usually are not so ready with such a formality that they will excuse themselves after exchanges of a few words of greetings or even after a rambling chat about everything under the sun.They will offer cards only when they find each other agreeable and hope to further the relation
13、ship.And it seems somewhat unnatural for them to do so before getting into conversation.o【2019年年8级测试汉译英】级测试汉译英】o 大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。所以人们对于大自然,全都一致并深深的依赖着。尤其在乡间,上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传了下来。1 汉英词汇语义对比与翻译o“酿酒和饮酒”o学生译
14、文:brew wine and drink alcohol;brew spirits and drink wine;brew wine and drink beero正确的处理方法:(1)使用及物动词,但统一宾语,如brew and drink wineo(2)使用不及物动词,如brew and drink“喂牛和挤奶”o牛:cattle,bull,cow,calf,bullock,buffaloo学生译文:feed bull and milk cow;feed oxen and milk them;feed bulls for milko正确处理方法:(1)使用及物动词 feed cattl
15、e and milk cows;feed cows and milk them;feed and milk cows;feed cows for milko(2)使用不及物动词译“挤奶”,feed cattle and milk;feed cows and milko“锄草”:grass,straw,weedo字面翻译:eradicate/remove/hoe up/uproot weedso意译:hoe the garden;weed the garden,weedo“温馨的家园”:warm and fragrant?oWarm and comfortable,cozy,Hearth and
16、 home(good)修辞方面:同义反复o“锄草和栽花”:weed and garden?oGarden:doing work in your garden such as weeding and plantingo处理:(1)只用动词gardeningo(2)与邻近结构取得平行效果,选择weed the garden and plant flowers;weed to plant flowerso“去教堂祈祷和做礼拜”:ogo to church to pray and worship?oGo to church本身有去教堂做礼拜的意思o正确:go to church;ogo to the
17、church to pray and worship;opray and worship in the church2 汉英话语组织法对比与翻译oParallelism和汉语的騈偶结构oJ.E.Kahn(1985):Parallel constructions,then,come in a great variety of sizes and shapes.These are all subject to an overriding and obvious rule:if elements are presented as parallel,they must be paralleltheir
18、 structures must be properly matched.o(1)文体问题:She is stubborn,selfish,and has a sharp temper.oShe is stubborn,selfish and quick-tempered.o(2)语法错误:Not only is that a very unfair statement,but also quite untrue.oNot only is that a very unfair statement,but it is also quite untrue.“无论贫富”o不平行结构:people,p
19、overty or wealthyoPeople,poor or the richoPeople,poor or with propertyoPeople,poor or of wealtho平行结构:people,poor or richoPeople,the poor or the rich“种植庄稼和葡萄”o不平行结构:they plant crops and grapevines,brewing and drink wineoThey plant crops and grapevines,brew wine and drinkingoThey plant crops and grape
20、vines,brew,drink,feed cows and milko平行结构:They plant crops and grapevines,brew and drink wine,feed and milk cowsoThey plant crops and grapevines,brew wine to drink,feed cows to milk“到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌”o不平行结构:They play the violin,dance and singingoThey play the violin,dancing and singoThey play the violin,da
21、nce and they singo平行结构:They play the violin,dance and sing.oThey play the violin,dancing and singing基本常识类错误:othe natureoIn a same wayoGo to the churchoPlay violinoHuman beingoEvery peopleoCattlesoMilksoFolkloresoGo to the church to prey参考译文o 大自然对人的恩赐,大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。无论贫富,一律平等。所以人们对于大自然,所以人们对于大自然,
22、全都一致并深深的依全都一致并深深的依赖着。尤其在乡间,赖着。尤其在乡间,上千年以来人们一直上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。以不变的方式生活着。oThe bounty of nature is equal to everyone,rich or poor,and therefore all men are strongly attached to her.This is particularly true in the rural areas,where people have kept the same lifestyle for a millennium or so.参考译文种植庄稼和
23、葡萄,酿种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花;在奶,锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜,在节日到广场礼拜,在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌;拉琴、跳舞、和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样,日的温馨家园。这样,每个地方都有自己的每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传传说,风俗也就衍传了下来。了下来。They plant crops and grapevines,brew wine to drink,feed cows to milk,and weed the gardens to grow flowers.They go
24、 to church at weekends,and they meet in the square on holidays,singing and dancing.The age-old land remains the same as their family hearth.Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go on.o2019年o这次到台湾访问交流,虽然这次到台湾访问交流,虽然行程匆匆行程匆匆,但是,看了不,但是,看了不少地方,访了旧友,交了新知,大家走到一起,谈论少地方,访了旧友,交了新知,大家走到一起
25、,谈论的一个重要话题就是中华民族在的一个重要话题就是中华民族在2121世纪的世纪的强盛强盛。在在世纪之交世纪之交的伟大时代,我们的祖国的伟大时代,我们的祖国正在走向繁荣富强,海峡两岸人民也将加强交流,共正在走向繁荣富强,海峡两岸人民也将加强交流,共同推进祖国同推进祖国统一大业统一大业的早日完成的早日完成。世纪之交的宝贵。世纪之交的宝贵机遇和巨大挑战将青年机遇和巨大挑战将青年推到了历史前台推到了历史前台。跨世纪青。跨世纪青年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪,年一代应该用什么样的姿态迎接充满希望的新世纪,这是我们必须回答的问题。这是我们必须回答的问题。o【概述概述】o 这段文字是一篇赴台
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