高考英语短文改错高频考点TOP 4 名词（解析版）.doc

1、专题04 短文改错高频考点TOP 4 名词考点一 根据谓语动词判断单复数名词做主语时，谓语动词单复数可用来考察主语名词是单数还是复数，本项为考试重点考察项目。考点二 名词做宾语时，经常使用单数名词（名词裸奔）可数名词表示多个且表示泛指时，应该使用相应的复数形式，即属于“名词不裸奔”的一种情况。1) I think the driver there drive too fast in the street.【答案】driver改为drivers【解析】根据从句的时态是一般现在时，谓语动词是复数形式，主语也应是复数。2) Sometimes we talk to each other very w

2、ell in class,but after class we become stranger at once.【答案】stranger改为strangers【解析】句意：有时我们在课堂上交谈得非常好，但是课后马上就变成了陌生人。这里的stranger表示泛指，故改为复数形式。3) You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet.【答案】minute改为minutes【解析】a few修饰可数名词复数4) But when I saw your wife and children waitin

3、g for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces. I immediately knew that everything could be all right. 【答案】smile改为smiles【解析】句意：但当我看到你的妻子和孩子们脸上带着热情的笑容等着我的时候。Smile表示“微笑，笑容”时，可数。考点三 常见的不可数名词加“s/es”受汉语语言的制约，学生对名词的数本身不够敏感，在文章中经常出现不可数名词误用作复数的情况而无法识别，此时就要求学生能够识记几个常见的不可数名词。advice 劝告，忠告；baggage行李；change改

4、变，变更；furniture家具；homework家庭作业；information信息，数据；knowledge了解，理解；luggage行李；money钱；news新闻；music音乐；technology科技；time时间1) We can also form a good habit of putting rubbishes into trashcans.【答案】rubbishes改为rubbish【解析】rubbish是不可数名词2) Id like to give you some advices on how to learn Chinese well.【答案】advices改为a

5、dvice【解析】advice是不可数名词考点四 涉及到应该使用名词的词型误用在一些固定词组中或者一些表达中，经常用易混淆的词型，如health(n.)-healthy(adj.),breath(n.)-breathe(v.)等；3) For Americans, distance in a social conversation is about an arms long to front feet.【答案】long改为length.【解析】根据前面的an arms 可知,所有格之后必须用名词形式。4) Whenyouhaveonesucceed,reinforceitwithanother

6、.【答案】succeed改为success【解析】句意：当你有一个成功，用另一个来巩固它。One后应该用名词，故将succeed改为success考点五 常见的单复数语义不一致有些名词的单复数形式表示不同的语义，因此也较容易误用。life作生命的抽象名词时不可数,指一条条生命时可数noise作可数和不可数都差不多,比如make noise也可以写成make a noisework作为工作的时候不可数,其他情况可数wood作为树木的时候不可数,指树叶可数beauty与life相似,作美丽的抽象名词时不可数,指美丽的东西时可数glass作为玻璃时不可数,指玻璃杯可数fish可数时指自然界的鱼,不可

7、数时指一道菜chicken 可数时指小鸡,不可数指鸡肉difficulty作可数名词意为困难的事物,作不可数名词意为困难5) In addition to this, she hardly has any times to take exercises. She has been on poor health for some time. 【答案】exercises改为exercise【解析】句意：另外，她几乎没有时间去锻炼，有时身体不太好。exercise做不可数名词,活动，锻炼，运动；exercises做可数名词，一套动作，训练活动，练习。此处应该表示“锻炼”，所以改为单数。6) The

8、country is facing great economicdifficulty.【答案】difficulty改为difficulties【解析】difficulty作可数名词意为困难的事物注：1) 既可用作不可数名词，又可用作可数名词，词义区别不大的抽象名词。belief- a belief- beliefshope- a hope- hopeschange- a change- changesdesire-a desire-desirescustom-a custom-customs2）即可用作不可数名词，又可用作复数名词但有词义区别的抽象名词。damage（损害）-damages（赔

9、偿费）advice（忠告）-advices（消息，报告）regard（尊敬，关心）-regards（问候）pity（怜悯，同情）-pities（不幸）sympathy（同情）-sympathies（慰问信）2） 只能用作不可数名词的抽象名词。abundance, astonishment, conduct, cooperation, envy, ease, information, harm, honesty等。3） 既有单数又有复数的抽象名词。answer, award, case, cry, quarrel, trick, scream, knock, mistake, example,

10、event, accident, earthquake等。4） 抽象名词具体化。一般说来，如trouble, kindness, anxiety, joy, friendship, sympathy, pity, security等均属于抽象名词，是不可数的，但当它们的词义经转化或带有修饰成分时，可以“具体化”并被不定冠词修饰或加上复数后缀。试比较：This was another example of their lack of experience.（经验）Ive had some very disturbing experiences.（经历）It is a pity to give y

11、ou so much trouble. （麻烦）Life is full of small troubles.（烦心的事）He was filled with joy.（欢乐）My children are a great joy to me.（令人快慰的事）(1)Papers catches fire easily.【答案】papers改为paper【解析】paper表示“纸”时为不可数名词，无复数形式。(2) Her new novel is great success.【答案】is后加a或is后加of【解析】A success指一个成功的人或一件成的事；of successsuccess

12、ful(3) The news is of great important.【答案】important改为importance【解析】of importanceimportant(4) What fine day we have today!【答案】What后加a，day是可数名词【解析】可以说What fine weather What+adj+可数名词单数；What+adj+不可数名词可数名词复数。(5) I forgot all of the rooms numbers.【答案】rooms改为room【解析】名词作定语(6) These children had great funs i

13、n the park.【答案】funs改为fun【解析】fun是不可数名词，无复数形式。(7) In the past,the poors often went hungry.【答案】poors改为poor【解析】poor为形容词，the+形容词，指一类人；the poor指穷人们(8) Look! Two Germen are coming this way.【答案】Germen改为Germans【解析】名词复数错误(9) Put on more clothing,or youll catch a cold.【答案】clothing改为clothes【解析】clothing指衣服的总称；具体

14、的衣服用clothes(10)This is the steel work where my father works.【答案】work改为works【解析】works复数形式，表示工厂。(11) Dont make any voice. Your father is sleeping.【答案】voice改为noise【解析】voice指人的嗓音；noise指噪音。(12) Its not my book. Maybe its somebody else.【答案】else改为elses【解析】根据句意，应用所有格。(13)The man has been hunting for a work

15、for a long time.【答案】work改为job【解析】a job，一份工作；work表示工作时是不可数名词。(14) In our school,there are eighty woman teachers in all.【答案】woman改为women【解析】一般情况下，名词作定语时，用单数形式；但man和woman若修饰复数名词，用复数形式。(15) The Smith will make a trip to China during the coming spring.【答案】Smith改为Smiths【解析】定冠词加姓氏的复数指一家人。(16) The patient h

16、as stayed in the hospital for one and a half month.【答案】month改为months【解析】one and a half后的名词用复数。(17) The couple wanted to buy some furnitures for their new house. 【答案】furnitures改为furniture【解析】furniture是不可数名词。(18) The young should make rooms for the old in the crowded bus. 【答案】rooms改为room【解析】room在表示空间、

17、地方的时候是不可数名词。(19) One of the first thing Bill did was to teach us how to play basketball. 【答案】thing改为things【解析】one of后的名词或代词一定是复数形式。(20) I asked the salesman for some changes. But he bad only a large note. 【答案】changes改为change【解析】change表示“零钱”时是不可数名词。【江西省临川一中2019届高三上学期名校联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写

18、的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：把缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。A woman was in a business trip. She stayed in a big and comfort hotel. But every day, she had lots of meetings to attend to, which made her

19、 very tiring. One Saturday afternoon, she decided to sunbathe to relax. So she went to the top of the hotel in her swimsuit and lay down on roof.After about an hour of sunbathing, she heard someone come up to the roof. It is the manager of the hotel. He said, Excuse me, Miss, but do you mind sunbath

20、e somewhere else? Why? the woman asked, Im on top of the hotelEverybody can see me! The man answered, Thats true, and you are lying on the window above the dining room. All of the guest can see you right above them！【答案】inoncomfortcomfortable去掉attend后的totiringtiredroof前加theiswassunbathesunbathingEver

21、ybodyNobodyandbutguestguests【解析】【分析】本文为记叙文。一位女士在出差过程中，想通过晒太阳浴放松自己。于是，她身穿泳装躺在了旅店楼顶上。但是，不巧的是，她正躺在了旅馆餐厅的天窗上，被其他的客人一览无余。第五处：考查冠词。此处特指“旅馆的楼顶上”，应使用定冠词。故roof前加the。第六处：考查时态。此处描述的是过去的事情，应使用一般过去时。故is改为was。第七处：考查现在分词。mind“介意”，后接现在分词。故sunbathe改为sunbathing。第八处：考查代词。根据语境可知，此处指“没有人能看到我！”故Everybody改为Nobody。第九处：考查连词

22、。根据语境可知，此处前后句意存在转折关系，意为“这是真的，但是你现在正躺在餐厅的窗户上。”故and改为but。第十处：考查名词复数。根据前面All of可知，此处应使用名词复数，意为“所有的客人们”。故guest改为guests。【点睛】在高考里，英语语法填空题是很多考生最害怕的一类题型。但是如果能掌握好一些解题的技巧，就会发现，语法填空其实并没有想象中的那么困难。在做题过程中，最重要的是要记住随时联系上下文，从整篇文章的角度中去判断空格处应填哪个单词。如果空格后是名词（尤其是单数名词）应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,

23、 that等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。例如第10小题，根据设空处前的All of可知，此处应使用名词复数，意为“所有的客人们”。【重庆市九校联盟2019届高三12月联合考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的

24、词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Good morning, everyone! It was my honor to be here to share my opinion on what to learn in senior high school.In the coming three years, the school life will be challenged. On the one hand, we should learn to study efficiently, adopting some effect methods

25、. As the matter of fact, developing a good study habit is of great importance. It really benefits me a lot to preview lessons, get active involved in class and review what has taught. On the other hand, in senior high school, we are supposed to learn what to get along well with other. We ought to re

26、spect to teachers and be friendly to classmates.Thank you!【答案】将was改为is将opinion改为opinions将challenged改为challenging将effect改为effective将the改为a将active改为actively在has后加been将what改为how将other改为others把to去掉【解析】【分析】这是一篇应用文。作者介绍了在高中将会学到怎样有效的学习和学会如何与他人相处。第三处：考查语态。根据时间状语in the coming three years可知，此句要用将来进行时will be d

27、oing，故将challengedchallenging。第四处：考查形容词。method是名词，名词要用形容词修饰，而effect是动词，因此要用其形容词形式，故将effecteffective。 第五处：考查冠词。as a matter of fact是固定短语，意思是“事实上”，故将thea。第六处：考查副词。involved是形容词，形容词要用副词修饰，故将activeactively。第七处：考查语态。主语what与teach之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，故在has后加been。第八处：句意：另一方面，在高中，我们应该学会如何与他人相处。根据句意可知，怎样与他人相处要用连接副词how

28、引导宾语从句。第九句：考查代词。other作形容词，通常用在单数或复数名词的前面，意为“别的;其他的;另外的”。others(=other+复数名词)泛指“部分”含义，用于已知的一些人或物中，除去某些后余下的人或物中的一部分。此处是指“其他的人”，故将otherothers。第十处：考查介词。respect是及物动词，其后可直接接宾语，不需要介词，故将to去掉。【点睛】关于短文改错考查冠词，需要考生注意判断方法：弄清句子结构，可数单数名词前，常用冠词，做名词的定语，表泛指或特指意义，则可确定该名词前要用冠词（a, an, the ）。若是固定短语，可根据固定搭配选择适当的冠词。本题中的第五处则

29、可以按照此方法做题， as a matter of fact是固定短语，因此此处属于错用冠词，需将the改为a。【2019届高三广东华南师大附中12月份联合考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。I am writing to tell you something about the transportation in China.

30、Over the past few decades we had developed an amazing network of public transportation. Besides, we have been decided to make efforts to make them much better. I am sure a network will satisfy your needs for traveling everywhere more convenient. People usually choose the means of transportation base

31、d with some aspects, such as the cost and the time needing. For example, businessmen are more likely travel by plane or high-speed train to save time while office worker tend to take buses or drive to work themselves. I believe you will quickly figure out when to get around once you are in China.【答案

32、】【解析】【分析】本文是一封书信，文章讲述的是有关中国交通的一些情况。【详解】1.考查时态。根据Over the past few decades“在最近的几十年里”，可知句子用现在完成时态，故把had改成have。2.考查语态。句意：此外，我们已经决定努力把它做得更好。结合句意可知此处是主动语态，故把been去掉。3.考查人称代词。句意：此外，我们已经决定努力把它做得更好。the transportation“运输”是不可数名词，所以用人称代词it替代，故把them改成it。4.考查定冠词the。句意：我相信网络将会更方便地满足你到处旅行的需要。固定用法：the network“网络”，故把

33、a改成the。7.考查过去分词作后置定语。句意：人们通常根据一些方面来选择交通工具，例如成本和所需的时间。此处time 和need之间是一种被动关系，这里是过去分词作后置定语，故把needing改成needed。8.考查固定结构。be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”，故在likely后加to。9.考查名词复数。句意：例如，商人更倾向于坐飞机或高铁来节省时间，而上班族则倾向于坐公交车或自己开车去上班。结合句意可知此处应该用名词复数，故把office改成offices。10.考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我相信，一旦你来到中国，你很快就会知道如何四处走动。结合句意可知此处是how引

34、导的宾语从句，故把when改成how。【点睛】1.（1）Since自从-以来（可做介词和连词），和现在完成时态连用。He has lived here since he came. 自从他来到这里，就一直在这里住着。（2）It is /has been+一段时间+since 主语+一般过去时态+其他。自从做某事有多长时间了。在这个句型中如果从句的动作是终止性动词，则表示从动作开始到现在多长时间了；如果从句的动作是持续性动词，则表示从动作结束到现在多长时间了。It is three years since he joined (终止性动词)the army.他参军有三年了；It is five

35、years since he lived（持续性动词）here.他离开这有五年了。3.和现在完成时态经常连用的时间状语有：lately“近来，最近”；so far/up to now/until now“直到现在为止”；over / in /during the last/past few years“在最近的几年里”-。比如：The Browns have visited a lot of places in China so far. 迄今为止，布朗一家已经参观了中国的许多地方。【陕西省咸阳市2019届高三12月联考卷英语（二）】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的

36、以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每次错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用()划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Recently, one of my friends have sent me a short message, say that true friends are one soul in two bodies, which moves me very much and

37、makes me think how true friendship is.Nowadays, the word friendship has been used very often that it has lost its meaning. Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advantage. In my opinion, true friendship doesnt mean that you need your friends help, youll treat them to dinner. True fr

38、iendship is the communication of the hearts and understand of the souls. True friends keep you in the mind, no matter where they are. Once you have found such true friends, do treasure him. With friendship, life proves happily and harmonious.【答案】havehassaysayinghowwhatverysoadvantage后面加上ofthatwhenfr

39、iendsfriendsunderstandunderstandinghimthemhappilyhappy【解析】【详解】第一处：考查主谓一致。句意：最近，我的一个朋友给我发了一条短信。此处主语是one，谓语动词应使用第三人称单数形式。故have改为has。第四处：考查固定结构。句意：现在，“友谊”这个词用得太频繁了，已经失去了它的意义。固定结构：sothat“如此以至于”。故very改为so。第五处：考查固定结构。句意：有些人开玩笑说，朋友是用来被利用的。固定短语：take advantage of“利用”。故advantage后面加上of第六处：考查连词。句意：在我看来，真正的友谊并不意

40、味着当你需要朋友的帮助时，你会请他们吃饭。when“当的时候”。故that改为when。第七处：考查名词所有格。此处指“你朋友的帮助”。故friends改为friends。第八处：考查动名词。句意：真正的友谊是心灵的交流和心灵的理解。根据句意及句子成分分析可知，此处应为名词“理解”。故understand改为understanding。第九处：考查代词。句意：一旦你找到了这样真正的朋友，一定要珍惜他们。此处指代such true friends，应使用复数形式。故him改为them。第十处：考查形容词。句意：有了友谊，生活变得幸福和谐。prove可做系动词，此处与harmonious并列，应使用形容词。故happily改为happy。