抽象与具体的翻译课件.ppt
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1、From Concrete to Abstract or Vice Versa具体和抽象译法11/10/20221抽象性词语、形象性词语抽象性词语、形象性词语 形象与抽象是两个相互对立、相互依存的概念,翻译时,既可保留其原有个性,也可使其相互转化。一般说来,表范畴的抽象词无须译出。1)他善于做信访工作。He is experienced in handling letters and visits from the mass.2)他已完成了这项工作。He has finished the job.11/10/20222 同一形象表达相同的涵义,可直译.树缝里也漏着一两点路灯光,没精打采的,是瞌
2、睡人的眼。Through the branches are a couple of lamps,as listless as sleepy eyes.若喻义不同,只好放弃原文形象,只译其喻义.我不贪图下海挣大钱,只想毕业后在中学里找个铁饭碗。I dont want to earn good money by engaging myself in trade,I just want to find upon graduation a secured job in a middle school.11/10/20223 在不违反译语规范和不影响读者理解的前提下,尽量保留原有形象,稍加变通,增加一些
3、简单的说明性文字。当下磕头如捣蒜,只求饶命。Kowtow as quickly as a pestle pounding garlic,he begged that his life be spared.11/10/20224 抽象译法就是把具体的或比较具体的名词用抽象或比较抽象的名词来翻译。汉语中的名词倾向于具体,常常用实的形式表示虚的概念,以具体的形象表达抽象的内容;而抽象名词的大量使用是现代英语的一个特点。Rudolf Flesch:Chinese is concrete,clear and picturesque while English is abstract,obscure an
4、d long-winded.11/10/20225 抽象译法一方面把比喻形象上较为具体的单词词组或成语进行抽象概括,如:开门见山come straight to the point 狗急跳墙do something desperate 另一方面,抽象译法也包括带有范畴词的具体化名词在语言形式上的抽象化译法,主要是在翻译过程中去掉后面的范畴词,如:谦虚态度modesty 发展过程development 无知的表现innocence11/10/20226 徇私作风 观光场所 走私活动 纸醉金迷 赤胆忠心 粗枝大叶 单枪匹马 favoritism Tourist attraction Smuggli
5、ng Of life of luxury and dissipation Ardent loyalty Be crude and careless Be single-handed in doing sth11/10/20227只要你嫁给我,鸡鸭鱼肉,绫罗绸缎,一辈子享受不尽。If you are willing to marry me,you will enjoy the luxuries all your life.我们都来自五湖四海。We are from all corners of the country.不知黄连苦,怎知蜂蜜甜。Who has never tasted bitter
6、 knows not what is sweet.11/10/20228 具体译法指的是在翻译过程中把原文中抽象的成分用具体的成分表达出来,从而消除或降低语言差别给翻译带来的损失,使译文产生与原文同样的效果。具体和抽象的翻译并没有固定的规则或规律,但能在很大程度上使译文生动多彩,更具有可读性。11/10/20229 具体译法主要包括三种类型:1.语义上具体化。eg:运输运输工具。班级全班学生 2.抽象名词在语言形式上的具体化手法,主要是在抽象名词后面加上范畴词。eg:蒸发作用,傲慢态度,转换过程 3.抽象名词在比喻形象上的具体化手法。eg:非常胆小胆小如鼠 姑息坏人warm snakes in
7、 our bosoms 分清好坏separate sheep from goats11/10/202210 快乐的人 微不足道的小人物 棘手的事 脾气不好的人 勤奋卖力的人 A jolly dog A small potato Hot potatoes A surly dog A work horseMore examples:11/10/202211 想起年轻时的一些事情,他心里感到甚是欣慰。It was the memories of his youth that gave him great comfort.我知道我会碰到严寒酷暑。I knew I would encounter ext
8、remes of weather.他等着她来,急得像热锅上的蚂蚁。He waited for her arrival with a frenzied agitation.具体具体抽象抽象11/10/202212 那一刻,我感到她的颤抖,第一次明白她也有脆弱的一面。At that moment I felt her back racked with emotion.For the first time I understood her vulnerability.目前,公司的经营情况已有所好转。At present,the business in our company is turning f
9、or the better.科学化、民主化的决策是实行民主集中制的重要环节。Scientific and democratic decision-making is essential to democratic centralism.11/10/202213会谈中,双方集中讨论了保护知识产权方面的问题。During the talks,their discussion has been centered round protection of intellectual property rights.他们的乐观主义精神令我们大为感动。Their optimism moved us great
10、ly.会上,两方发生争执,一方拂袖而去。The two parties fell into fierce dispute.At last one party got up abruptly and walked off in a huff.11/10/202214你告不赢他的,县里当官的和他同穿一条裤子You wont win the lawsuit against him.Officials in the county are hand in glove with him.他的话把我打入闷葫芦(calabash)里了His words threw me into bewilderment.才
11、有了一点进步,他就翘兔子尾巴了。With some progress,he became cocky.11/10/202215 1992年后,一些西方国家失业现象严重。After 1992,there has been serious unemployment in some Western countries.黑暗中一个黑影吓得他魂飞魄散。黑暗中一个黑影吓得他魂飞魄散。He was half dead with a black figure in the darkness.他拜倒在了她的石榴裙下。他拜倒在了她的石榴裙下。He worshipped her on his knees.11/10
12、/202216 区分好人和坏人并不是一件容易的事。It is not easy to separate the sheep from the goats.他知道不论境遇如何,都可以把家庭作为靠山。He knows he can depend on his family,rain or shine.评论家和读者之间,也就是理智和情感之间的这种分歧如何解释呢?How do we account for the split between the critics and the readers,the head and the heart.抽象抽象具体具体11/10/202217 在整个项目中,他不
13、仅无用,甚至还成为了累赘。He is a white elephant in the whole project.刹车声刺激了大家的神经。The screeching of the brakes got on our nerves.静谧的小巷里想起了清脆的自行车铃声。The crisp jangling of the bicycle rises from the quite alley.11/10/202218 他每天要处理许多棘手的问题。He has many hot potatoes to handle everyday.我不敢肯定我能赢得这个荣誉,这还是未到手的东西。I am not s
14、ure whether I can win the honor;Its a bird in the bush.你不要过早乐观,真正的困难还在后头呢。Dont count your chickens before they are hatched.The real difficulties still lay ahead.11/10/202219 我们决不能姑息坏人。We should never warm snakes in our bosoms.我不想依靠父母过日子。I dont want to hang on my parents sleeves.同反复无常的人没法相处。Its hard
15、to get along with a man blowing hot and cold.11/10/202220 他这个人只管自己的事。He is a man who hoes his own potatoes.你真是说话不看对象。You are really casting pearls before swine.这个男孩真粗心,他的书都已经折角了。This boy is too careless;all his books are dog-eared.11/10/202221Exercise 这是他们自己的事情,你去插一脚干嘛?别人家里鸡毛蒜皮的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊!我不
16、敢班门弄斧,诚望您发表高见。她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。这些问题盘根错节,三言两语说不清楚。今天下午的球赛棋逢对手,一定很精彩。我们一直往前走吧!不要三心二意。他这几天心里七上八下,老是安静不下来。11/10/202222 这是他们自己的事情,你去插一脚干嘛?Thats a business of their own,why would you get involved in?别人家里鸡毛蒜皮的事情你都知道得这么全,真是个顺风耳啊!You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families.You are really well
17、informed.11/10/202223 她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school.我不敢班门弄斧,诚望您发表高见。I dare not show off in the presence of an expert.I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten us on this matter.11/10/202224 这些问题盘根错节,三言两语说不清楚。These problems are too complicated to be exp
18、lained clearly in a few words.今天下午的球赛棋逢对手,一定很精彩。This afternoons ball game is sure to be an exciting one,for the two sides are well-matched.11/10/202225 我们一直往前走吧!不要三心二意。Lets go straight ahead.Dont be wavering.他这几天心里七上八下,老是安静不下来。His mind was in a turmoil these days and he was quite unable to think str
19、aight.11/10/202226How to translate verbs properly?11/10/202227 1949年中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。1949 witnessed great changes in China.这个运动首先在天津发起。Tianjin first saw the rise of the movement.我没有注意到这个错误。The mistake escaped my notice.我一时记不起他的名字。His name escaped my memory for the moment.11/10/202228 汉语的一个显著特点是大量使用动词,还有
20、连动式和兼动式。有时一个句子会出现多个动词,这就要求我们在翻译时要把一些动词转变为其它性质的词,如名词、形容词、介词等。总的来说,动词的翻译可以分为静态翻译和动态翻译两种。汉语动词的静态译法汉语动词的静态译法11/10/202229汉语动词的静态译法汉语动词的静态译法 1.汉语动词转译为英语名词 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的,非下苦功夫不可。The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.人口在不断地增加。There is a steady increase in population.11/10/202
21、230 交易增加,要求流通的货币量也增加。The fact that business increases requires that the amount of money,which is generally circulated,also increased.An increase in business requires an increase in the amount of money coming into general circulation.现在辞职就是承认失败。To resign now would be an admission of failure.11/10/202
22、231 向友人借钱就是滥用友谊。Borrowing money from friends is an abuse of friendship.他们正在考虑释放被囚禁的那位领导人。They are considering the release of the jailed leader.在加州发现黄金的消息轰动全国。The discovery of gold in California excited the nation.11/10/202232 他教书教得好。He is a good teacher.他喜欢流行音乐。He is a lover of pop music.他统治那个地区长达20
23、年之久。He has been the ruler of the region for as long as twenty years.11/10/2022332.汉语动词转译为英语介词或介词短语 他英语说得很棒,带着美国腔,但并不十分夸张。He spoke English well with an American accent,not though,a very exaggerated one.政府支持这个项目。The government is behind the project.那是一幅模仿毕加索的画。That is a picture after Picasso.11/10/202
24、234 这时,只见一个人,头上蒙着一个湿淋淋的口袋,从冒着熊熊烈焰的后门直冲进去。Then a figure with a dripping-wet bag round its head dashed through the flame-filled back door.机器在运行。The machine is in operation.警察在抓罪犯。The police is in pursuit of the criminal.他的智力超过常人。He has intelligence beyond the ordinary.11/10/2022353.汉语动词转译为副词 他们的实验已经结束
25、了。Their experiment has been over.我们得走了。We must be off now.演出已经开始了。The performance is on.11/10/2022364.汉语动词转译为同源形容词 他满足于这样的生活。He is content with such kind of life.约翰十分熟悉这台机器的性能。John is quite familiar with the machine.并不是所有军队的人都喜欢这个计划。This program was not popular with all of the troops.他为人能干,事业成功。He w
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