长难句翻译括号法课件.ppt

1、一个老外在新加坡清明节晚上的遭遇一个老外在新加坡清明节晚上的遭遇 Last night,after dinner,I was taking a walk on the road.When I walked past a convenient store I thought of going in to buy something.Then I realised that I didnt have money with me.So I phoned my family to bring some money to me.While waiting for my money,I saw an ol

2、d man burningjoss paper by the road side.I went to have a chat with him.What are you doing here I asked him I m sending money to my family he said Then he asked me,What are you doing here?I m waiting for my family to send money to me.On hearing this,his face turned pale and he ran away quickly.I sho

3、uted to him,Hey,dont run I m just waiting for my family to send money to me!Suddenly,all the people burning joss paper nearby also ran away.句子种类句子种类 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句一、简单句：（五种基本句型）一、简单句：（五种基本句型）a simple sentence二、并列句：二、并列句：a coordinate sentence(常见的并列连词有以下这些：)He was ill,so he was late for the meet

4、ing.We love peace but we are not afraid of war.She got up early,yet she failed to be there on time.Hurry up,and you wont be late.Hurry up,or/otherwise you will be late.Not only was he himself interested in English,but(also)his classmates also showed interest in it.Neither do I know his address,nor d

5、o my parents.His father is thin while his mother is very fat.I was about to leave when the telephone rang.It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.三、复合句：三、复合句：a compound sentenceThey planted some trees which didnt need much water.That he was always late made his teacher angry.He said(tha

6、t)he was really tired and that he wanted to go back home directly after work.Thats exactly what I am planning to do.The news that we won the game is exciting.Although we have grown up,our parents still treat us as children.句句 子子判判 断断简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句主主 干干并列连并列连词词从属连从属连词词 Schools across China are ex

7、pected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,to help reduce unemployment pressures.(2009 江苏江苏)介词短语介词短语时间状语时间状语介词短语介词短语同位语同位语非谓语非谓语带有较多修饰成分的简单句带有较多修饰成分的简单句非谓语非谓语 Schools are expected to hire50,000 college graduates英语句子英语句子=主干主干

8、+修饰语修饰语英语句子英语句子 =主干主干 +修饰语修饰语主干主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾或主系表。是整个句子的骨架，主要指主谓宾或主系表。修饰成分修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是词，也可以是短语，更常见的是从句，既可以是词，也可以是短语，更常见的是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。尤其是定语从句和状语从句。（三长两短一并列）（三长两短一并列）我们应我们应将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了，就容易翻译了。这样整个句子结构就清晰了，就容易翻译了。修修饰饰成成分分：I am L

9、u Jia.I love you.这两句话中只有“主干成分”而没有“修饰成分”。在加上修饰成分后:I am Lu Jia from Xinzheng Number one High School.I love you with all my heart.从例子中可以看出，修饰成分在中英文中出现的位置是不一样的。而当一个句子中有很多个修饰成分时，该句子就会变得很长，不易理解。(1)介词短语【定义】从介词开始到名词结束、表达一个独立的完整的含义的结构。【起止标识】标记介词短语时，要从介词开始到介词之后的第一个名词终止。如：at home、in the school、in the beautiful

10、 park、during my happy childhood、over the last few years、for three weeks【例句】【例句】After chatting with Lu Jia on this matter for two hours from 2:00 to 4:00 in the afternoon,I returned to my class.(After chatting)(with Lu Jia)(on this matter)(for two hours)(from 2:00)(to 4:00)(in the afternoon),I return

11、ed(to my class).介词短语正是让英语句子变得又长又难的原因之一！(2)从句从句【定义】从句是复合句【起止标识】标记从句时，一定从关系词开始，到以下四种终止。到句尾终止，如：Mr.Xue is a teacher(who teaches Math).到句中的逗号终止，如：(When I was young),I listened to the radio.到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Mr.Wang invited Han Dongwei(who is an excellent teacher)to our school.到下一个谓语动词终止，如Han Dongwei(who is a

12、n excellent teacher)once studied in Shan Dong.(3)非谓语动词短语非谓语动词短语【定义】to do;doing;done非谓语动词不能独立作谓语，而是充当句子的其他成分。【起止标识】标记非谓语动词短语时，一定是从动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)或分词(现在分词doing或过去分词done)开头，到以下四种情况终止。到句尾终止，如：Miss Zhao is a teacher(teaching English).到句中的逗号终止，如：(To improve my English),I often listen to the Englis

13、h radio.到下一个修饰成分终止，如：Kevin walked into the hall,(waving)to the audience.(to the audience是介词短语，属于另一修饰成分。)到下一个谓语动词终止，如：We,(singing a happy song),rode to school.(1)形容词形容词【定义】形容词是指用来修饰名词的单词，往往带有-ous、-y、-ful、-able等后缀。【常见位置】一般置于名词之前，如a beautiful park。修饰不定代词(something、anything、nothing、somebody、anybody、nobo

14、dy)时置于不定代词之后，如“一些有趣的事”应译为something interesting。(2)副词副词【定义】副词用来修饰形容词、动词等词，往往带有-ly等后缀。【常见位置】英语中，副词的用法比形容词灵活得多。可置于整句之前，如：Unfortunately,he failed to make it.可置于整句之后，如：The teacher greets his students individually.可置于“助动词、系动词、情态动词之后，实义动词之前”，如：The princess looks extremely beautiful today.(系动词之后)He immediat

15、ely saw the black cat.(实义动词之前)He has undoubtedly fallen in love with the princess.(助动词之后，实义动词之前)He can hardly speak anything.(情态动词之后，实义动词之前)可置于形容词或副词之前，如：There is an extremely beautiful garden in our campus.【定义】并行并列结构是指由并列词将两个或两个以上含义相似、结构相同的并列项连接起来构成的结构。【标记方法】给平行并列结构做标记的要求是：给并列词加方框，给并列项加下划线。标记时要先找到并

16、列词，然后再找并列项。在标注形如A and B的平行并列结构时，应先找B(即右并列项)后找A(即左并列项)。由于英语中的修饰成分往往置于中心词之后，所以A和B两个并列项后面可能各自带有很长的尾巴，形成“A and B”的形式，导致A离and相对较远，不易辨认，而B通常离and很近，容易识别。找到B之后，利用A和B结构相同、含义相似的原则，很容易将A确定出来。【常见并列关系】名词并列：I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.形容词并列：Mr.Smith is a kind,patient and knowled

17、geable English teacher.副词并列：You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.谓语动词并列：With the Internet,people can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.【常见并列关系】名词并列：I like the box placed on the desk and the flowers in your hand.形容词并列：Mr.Smith is a kind,pati

18、ent and knowledgeable English teacher.副词并列：You are supposed to answer the following questions quickly and accurately.谓语动词并列：With the Internet,people can not only play computer games but also do online shopping.介词短语并列：And that government of the people,by the people and for the people shall not perish

19、 from the earth.从句并列：Ive finished reading the book(which is written by Mo Yan)and(which you lent me last month).非谓语动词并列：Singing and laughing,we headed to the park.整句并列：The children can go with us or they can stay at home.括号法 Step 1:做标记 做标记时应按照上文中的方法，给“三长”加括号，给并列词加方框，给并列项划下划线。【例句】Kevin is a teacher t

20、eaching English in Beijing which is the capital of China.这个句子做完标记后为：Kevin is a teacher(teaching English)(in Beijing)(which is the capital)(of China).Step 2:做直译 经过Step 1的标记之后，句中的修饰成分都被我们用括号标注了出来，剩下的就是主干部分，我们在翻译句子时，可利用每个括号里的第一个单词，以“提问和回答”的方式将一个个的括号连接起来。如上面的例句：Kevin is a teacher(teaching English)(in Beijing)(which is the capital)(of China).翻译时可先处理为：凯文是个老师。教什么的?教英语。在哪儿教?在北京。哪个北京?是那个首都。谁的首都?中国的首都。这样整个句子的意思就一目了然了。Step 3:调语序 我们将Step 2中得到的“译文”再按照中文表达习惯进行一些调整，最终得到了一句地道的中文译文：“凯文是个在中国的首都北京教英语的老师。”或者“凯文是个老师，在中国的首都北京教英语。”长难句之长难句之 实战演练篇实战演练篇