(江苏专用)2020版高考英语大二轮复习阅读理解专题课件:词义猜测.pptx
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1、命题方式 词义猜测词义猜测考点3词义猜测1.According to the passage,the word“.”probably means .2.The underlined word“.”means .3.What does the word“.”mean in the second paragraph?4.Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined part?5.As used in the passage,the phrase“.”suggests .6.The word.could best
2、 be replaced by .7.The author uses the word.to mean .命题方式1.词词(短语短语)义猜测题义猜测题 典例典例1 Lighting matters,too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness,they couldnt tell how much theyd had:those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,but were none the wiserthey didnt feel fuller,and th
3、ey were just as ready for dessert.58.The underlined phrase“none the wiser”in paragraph 3 most probably im-plies that the customers were .A.not aware of eating more than usual B.not willing to share food with others C.not conscious of the food quality D.not fond of the food provided 思路点拨思路点拨词义猜测题。画线短
4、语前提到“在光线暗的地方吃饭,顾客无法判断已经吃了多少东西。被给了超大份食物的顾客会比其他人吃得多”,画线短语后提到“他们并没有感觉到吃得更饱”,再根据连词but的提示可推断,画线短语的意思为“没有意识到比平常吃得更多”。答案答案 A2.指代猜测题指代猜测题 典例典例2 .Twains racial tone was not perfect.One is left uneasy,for example,by the lengthypassage in his autobiography(自传)about how much he loved what were called“nigger sho
5、ws”in his youthmostly with white men performing in black-faceand his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality.His frequent attackson slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.69.What does the u
6、nderlined word“they”in Paragraph 7 refer to?A.The attacks.B.Slavery and prejudice.C.White men.D.The shows.思路点拨思路点拨猜测词义题。根据该段倒数两句可知,没有理由认为马克吐温把这些戏剧看做是代表现实的,而他频繁地抨击奴隶制和偏见表明他清醒的意识,但这些戏剧并无法取代现实。故they指代上文的the shows。答案答案 D巩固技能练巩固技能练Passage 1(2019江苏南京、盐城二模)That competition keeps prices down is well known.B
7、ut it is hard to measure by just how much,because prices vary for all sorts of reasons,from differences in labour costs and rents to taxes.Rising to the challenge is a new paper in The Eco-nomic Journal by Giacomo Calzolari,Andrea Ichino,Francesco Manaresi and Viki Nellas,economists at the European
8、University Institute,Bologna University and the Italian central bank.They looked at pharmacies(药房)and specifically at customers who may be particularly easy to rip off:new parents.Using data for 2007 to 2010 covering about a fifth of pharmacies in Italy,the researchers measured the way in which pric
9、es of hygiene products for babies changed as the number of babies varied.They took advantage of a peculiar law from the 1960s,according to which regions with at most 7,500 people are allowed just one pharmacy(supposedly to keep the quality of services high).They compared prices in places with popula
10、tions just below this threshold,and just above.The products studied included some 3,000 varieties of shampoos,bath foams,baby wipes,creams and so on.Many are also used by adults on themselves.Somepeople,for example,prefer sun-cream labelled“for children”because of its high level of protection.When r
11、aising prices for these products,even a pharmacist witha monopoly(垄断)must consider the risk that adult users will switch to products that are not aimed at children.But a rise in the number of babies,and hence buyers who are parents,could tip the scales towards price increases.By contrast,the pharmac
12、ist should already be charging as much as parents are willing to pay for products without adult users,such as nappies.The scholars found that pharmacists raised prices when there were more new parentsbut only in regions with a single pharmacy,and not for nappies.In mon-opoly areas a doubling of the
13、number of babies from one month to the next(not unusual in a small population)coincided with a 5%increase in the price of the basket of baby-hygiene products.The study is timely.Italys government has started to loosen some of the many restrictions that stop competition in the pharmacy sector(though
14、not yet the one that the researchers relied on).But such regulations are plentiful in many other lines of business,and not just in Italy.The consumers who pay the price are often those who find it hardest to travel to shop aroundfor example,people with crying babies on their hands.1.Whats the purpos
15、e of the study?A.To review the function of the special law for pharmacies.B.To make clear the relation between competition and prices.C.To collect the information on pharmacy business in Italy.D.To gather the data on hygiene products for babies in Italy.2.The underlined phrase“tip the scales”in Para
16、graph 3 means“”.A.push the move B.keep the level C.control the rise D.break the balance3.The governments new measures will greatly benefit .A.pharmacy owners B.local merchants C.new parents D.adult users答案答案 语篇解读语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。众所周知,竞争可以压低价格。一些经济学家研究了药房婴儿卫生产品的价格与婴儿数量之间的关系。研究发现,在只有一个药房的区域,新手父母增多的时候,药房就会
17、提价。1.B推理判断题。根据第一段第一、二句 That competition keeps prices down is well known.But it is hard to measure by just how much,because prices vary for all sorts of reasons,from differences in labour costs and rents to taxes.可知,尽管人们认为竞争可以降低商品价格,但是由于各种因素的影响,很难衡量将价格降低多少;再根据本段第三句 Rising to the challenge is a new pa
18、per.可知,此项研究就是针对竞争与价格的关系而进行的。故选B项。2.A语义猜测题。根据画线短语所在的句子 But a rise in the number of babies,and hence buyers who are parents,could tip the scales towards priceincreases.可知,婴儿数量上升,那么购买者(作为父母)会使得价格上涨。scale本意可指“天平”,tip作动词,可指“使倾斜”。tip the scales 字面意思是“使天平倾斜”。根据画线短语后面的 towards price increases 可知,此处是指推动了价格上涨
19、。push the move 推动进展,符合语境。keep the level 保持水平;control the rise 控制上涨;break the balance 打破平衡,均不符合语境。故选A项。3.C推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句 They looked at pharmacies and specifically at customers who may be particularly easy to rip off:new parents.可知,研究的对象是新手父母。再根据最后一段第一、二句 The study is timely.Italys government has st
20、arted to loosen some of the many restrictions that stop competition in the pharmacy sector.可知,研究非常及时,政府的举措已经放宽了一些限制,这些限制阻止了制药行业的竞争。再根据文章的最后一句可推知,政府的举措,对怀抱婴儿、不方便四处购物的新手父母来说是最有利的。故选C项。Passage 2(2019江苏四校期初调研)Mom was wrong when she taught me that“sticks and stones may break my bones,but names will never
21、 hurt me”.Names do hurt.names can shame,ridicule,and humiliate(羞辱)people.Some relate to race or gender;others refer to weight,facial features,or a particular part of ones body.Names that refer to social class or what part of the country youre from can be hurtful,as can names that involve age,religio
22、n,or physical ability.Certainly,no one likes to be called a name that is disrespectful,unkind,or mean.But there is another category of name-calling that is also hurtful and destructive:names such as“racist”,“sexist”,and the like.Yet many throw these labels around at the drop of a hat,without underst
23、anding what the labels actually mean,not to mention the damagedone by accusing someone of racism,sexism,etc.The accusation alone can be enough to ruin a reputation,kill a career,or be used to discredit a lifetime of good work.Lets consider the definition of racism:“a belief that race is the primary
24、deter-minant of human characteristics and capacities and that racial difference produces superiority of a particular race”.How about the definition of sexism:“prejudiceor discrimination based on sex,especially discrimination against women”.I wonder whether the TV talking heads understand the true de
25、finition of the labels they throw at public figures:“racist”,“sexist”or worse,based on nothing more than a comment taken out of context or someones clumsy attempt at humor.My point is that the political correctness movement has gone way too far.While the original intention of political correctness m
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