构词法在英语阅读理解词义猜测中的运用[课件]共34p.ppt

1、weightlifting Yet,shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems,such as shoplifters,who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.What does the word“shoplifter”mean?商店里的小偷商店里的小偷 B.B.商店里的推销员商店里的推销员 C.C.商店里的老客户商店里的老客户D.D.商店里的搬运工商店里的搬运工 shop+lifter shoplifter lifte

2、r n.小偷小偷 Word Formation 构词法构词法巧用构词法原则帮助解答巧用构词法原则帮助解答 阅读理解中的猜测词义题阅读理解中的猜测词义题构词法构词法派生法派生法（Derivation）合成法合成法(Compounding)转化法转化法（Conversion）缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation）able unable;teach teacherspace+ship spaceshipvisit v.visit n.Do it yourself.DIY一、一、派生法派生法（Derivation）由词根由词根(root)加前缀加前缀（prefix）或后缀或后缀（suffix）构成新

3、词。构成新词。un-否定前缀否定前缀dis-in-im-mis-non-understand politesmokeragreefairvisible Is it difficult for you to get up in the morning?Do you sometimes oversleep?1.over-:too muchoverwork,overeatabove sth;across overcoat,overheadSome important prefixes:The trains are _ on Friday evenings.(crowded)overcrowded H

4、e enlarged his vocabulary by reading widely.2.en-动词前缀动词前缀enable,endanger,Reading can _ your life.(rich)enrichSome important suffixes:-ment,-ion,-ness,-tion,-ful,-able,-less,-en等等sharpen a pencilstrengthenbrightensharp adj.sharpen v._strength _ bright With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and u

5、nconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2019NMET)unconditional:nonjudgmental:无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的没有判断力的没有判断力的二、二、合成法合成法（Compounding）highwaywaiting-roomkind-hearted 把两个或两个以上独立的词合成把两个或两个以上独立的词合成一个新词。一个新词。For them,playing well and win

6、ning are often life-and-death affairs.生死攸关的生死攸关的 Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity.Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming student down-to-earth.honest or practical实事求是，脚踏实地实事求是，脚踏实地 Her name was Rachel,and I mooned my way through the grade and high school,stricken at the mere

7、sight of her,tongue-tied in her presence.At any rate,my love for Rachel remained without result.We graduated from high school,she went on to college,and I joined the Army.I was sent overseas during the war.For a time we wrote,and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.tongue-

8、tiedoverseashighlight三、三、转化法转化法（Conversion）由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。由一种词性转化为另一种词性的词。He is a man with broad shoulders.We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.n.v.take/bear So when someone has hurt you,calm yourself first.Take a couple of breaths,and think of something that gives you pleasureKeep in

9、mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean accepting the action of the person who upsets you.(2019NMET)calmupsetshurt Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.四、四、缩略法缩略法（Abbreviation）DVMVPSOSWWWDigital VideoMost Valuable PlayerSave Our ShipWorld Wide Web1It would be easy for someone to

10、mispresent himself on line because you cant see him.Thus someone who says that“she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be an old man.What does the word“mispresent”mean?Making a wrong judgment about Understanding somebody wrongly Giving a wrong description of Forming a wrong opinion aboutmis-sth.is d

11、one wrong or badlypresent vt.describe2.The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full.And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.The word“nonrecyclables”probably means?nonrecycling papers things that can not be recycled anything can be recycled

12、 recyclable thingsrecycle v.v.使再循环，回收利用使再循环，回收利用recyclable adj.可回收利用的可回收利用的nonrecyclable n.不能回收利用的东西不能回收利用的东西3.Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted.It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brainThe word“transplant”probably means?To transport from one place to another

13、To translate from one part to another To move from one part of the body to another To change one form to another.trans-changetransplant 移植移植transport 运输，交通运输，交通4.My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died.As a single parent,I tried to do my best to talk to him,but the more I tried,th

14、e more he pulled away.(2019 NMET)By saying“Karl became withdrawn”,the author means that the boy changed entirely and _.preferred to stay alone at home lost interest in his studies refused to talk to others began to dislike his motherwith-draw backwithdrawn 退缩，（在社交场合或退缩，（在社交场合或情绪方面）变得冷漠情绪方面）变得冷漠 When

15、 we deal with the problems in reading comprehension,we can use Word Formation to help us,but the context(上下文，语境上下文，语境)is also very important.Thank you!英语构词法在高考中的应用英语构词法在高考中的应用 本课要点：本课要点：1.各类词性的正确使用及转化 2.运用构词法知识猜测语境中词的语义 3.通过理解和掌握构词法扩大词汇量 考情分析：考情分析：1.We drank together and talked _ (merry)till far int

16、o the night.(07 高考)2.This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their (nature)course.(08 高考)3.But Jane knew from past experience that her _ (choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.(09高考)4.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled _(warm),and thanked his student very much for the sweet wate

17、r.(10高考)考点精讲：考点精讲：Friendships change as our needs and lifestyles change.Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.英语构词法主要有三种方法：一一.合成合成(Compounding):由两个或更多的词合成一个词由两个或更多的词合成一个词 eg.house(房子)+wife(妻子)-housewife(家庭主妇)二二.转化转化(Conversion):由一

18、个词类转化为另一个词类由一个词类转化为另一个词类:eg.water(n.)水-water(v.)浇水 三三.派生派生(Derivation):通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词通过加前缀或后缀构成另外一个词:eg.happy-unhappy 加前缀一般不改变原词的 ，只改变其 。happy-happiness 加后缀改变了原词的 一合成法：一合成法：Yet,shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems,such as shoplifters,whoalways take away things from the sh

19、op without paying for them.What does the word“shoplifter”mean?A.商店里的小偷 B.商店里的推销员 C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工 请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。请你猜一猜下列划线的词的词义。1.For them,playing well and winning are often life-and-death affairs.2.Down-to-earth spirit is a necessity.Sharp words from a teacher can usually bring a day-dreaming stu

20、dent down-to-earth.3.For a time we wrote,and her letters were the highlight of those terrible endless years.转化法：转化法：He is a man with broad shoulders.We will shoulder the responsibilities at any time.Nobel arranged in his will to give the largest part of his money to establish the Nobel prizes.(08高考）

21、触类旁通：触类旁通：feed cause use fly native major mail empty cheat free 派生法（重点）：派生法（重点）：前缀前缀否定前缀：否定前缀：il-im-in-ir-dis-mis-un-non-请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。请为下列单词找出适当的否定前缀。balance concern active patient possible understand legal luckypolite regular agree use honest advantage stop smoker fair请找出下列单词的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义请找出下列单词

22、的前缀，并讨论前缀所含意义retell repay antiaircraft oversleep overlook superman coeducationsubway subtitle international interview enlarge transport巩固练习：巩固练习：1It would be easy for someone to mispresent himself on line because you cant see him.Thus someone who says that“she is a 12-year-old girl.”could really be

23、an old man.What does the word“mispresent”mean?A.Making a wrong judgment aboutB.Understanding somebody wronglyC.Giving a wrong description ofD.Forming a wrong opinion about2.The computer also counts the loads and gives a signal by phone when the box is full.And a special piece of equipment breaks up the nonrecyclables.3.Another myth about eyes is that they can be transplanted.It is quite difficult to connect an eyeball to a new brain谢谢