牛津译林版高中英语Module-10-Unit-2-Grammar-and-usage教学课件.ppt--（课件中不含音视频）

1、Unit 2People on the moveGrammar and usage模块十模块十1.agriculture 2.cost of living 3.industrialization 4.industrialized5.rural 6.urban农业农业生活成本（费用）生活成本（费用）工业化工业化工业化的工业化的农村的农村的城市的城市的Revision城市化的城市化的迁移模式迁移模式现代化现代化生活水平生活水平7.urbanization 8.migration pattern9.modernization 10.living standardsThe elements of a

2、paragraph Topic sentence Supporting sentences Concluding sentence1.Topic sentence Each paragraph should have a point.This is usually expressed in a topic sentence,which clearly states what information the paragraph will give.e.g.Young adults give many different reasons for moving to cities.主题句主题句(To

3、pic sentence)每一个段落都应有一个要点，该要点通常每一个段落都应有一个要点，该要点通常由主题句表达。主题句应清楚地陈述本段由主题句表达。主题句应清楚地陈述本段落的信息。落的信息。主题句通常是段落的第一句。然而，并不主题句通常是段落的第一句。然而，并不是所有的段落都有主题句。例如有时一个是所有的段落都有主题句。例如有时一个段落延续了前一段落的主题，而前一段落段落延续了前一段落的主题，而前一段落已有主题句了。已有主题句了。Most of the young people who head for big cities say the same thing“I want to have

4、fun.”Ambition can drive some young people to the city to be where the big companies are.Not all paragraphs have a topic sentence.This is sometimes the case when,for example,a paragraph is continuing a topic introduced in the previous paragraph,which contained a topic sentence.The topic sentence is u

5、sually the first sentence of a paragraph.However,in the first paragraph of an essay,a story or an article,the topic sentence may follow a hook.To grab the attention of readers,we can use a hook,which is often an interesting fact,a question or a quotation.e.g.Older Americans are on the move.This woma

6、n feels that for older people moving somewhere warmer makes sense.The community here understands the needs of older people,says one man in Florida.When people go outside,their hands feel cold and numb.Winter has come!a Autumn passes too quickly.b Autumn leaves are beautiful.analytical skills,but not

7、 creative skills.Many jobs require creative skills,and arts students have more creative skills than those who focus on science.To me,this is evidence of the importance of teaching the arts in our schools.a School should teach maths and science.b Arts education is a necessary part of school.2.Support

8、ing sentences The topic sentence should be followed by sentences which help explain or prove it For example:For decades,Florida has been attracting older residents.In fact,according to the national population survey conducted in 2000,Florida was home to the largest population of people aged 65 and o

9、lder.支撑句支撑句(Supporting sentences)主题句后应跟有对其加以解释或证明的支撑主题句后应跟有对其加以解释或证明的支撑句。句。段落中支撑句的排列顺序应该是有逻辑的。段落中支撑句的排列顺序应该是有逻辑的。我们可以使用过渡词语将每个句子与前后的我们可以使用过渡词语将每个句子与前后的句子连接。可使用的过渡词语包括：句子连接。可使用的过渡词语包括：for example,for instance,furthermore,first,on the other hand,however,but 和和also等。等。The sentences in a paragraph shoul

10、d be listed in an order that makes sense.We can use transitions to link each sentences to the previous or following ones.Transitions we can use include for example,for instance,furthermore,first,second,on the other hand,however and also.Florida is a popular choice for these people because of the cli

11、mate and the states relatively flat landscape.However,as the number of older Americans moving there increases,more changes are made to cater to them.For example,ambulance response time has decreased,and many houses have bathrooms designed for elderly homeowners,with things like walk-in bathtubs that

12、 reduce the risk of slips and falls.3.Concluding sentence A paragraph should end with one sentence that respects the topic in a new way.We can also use the concluding sentence to express a final idea about the topic or to help introduce the topic of the next paragraph.Across the USA,people are notic

13、ing the same thing:young people want to live in cities.结论句结论句(Concluding sentence)段落应以一句用新方式来重复主题的句段落应以一句用新方式来重复主题的句子结尾。我们也可以用结束句来表达关子结尾。我们也可以用结束句来表达关于这个主题的最后想法，或用它来帮助于这个主题的最后想法，或用它来帮助引入下一段的主题。引入下一段的主题。4.A hookRead the second paragraph under the subtitle of“Bright lights,big city”and identify the to

14、pic sentence and supporting sentences in it.Why a question is used at the beginning of the paragraph,and whether the question“where are all the young people”is the topic sentence of the paragraph or not.Ask the students to find out the answer to this question:there are almost no young people in a sm

15、all Midwestern town;they have all moved to live in cities.A question instead of an affirmative sentence here can catch readers eyes and make reader more interested in the topic.A question like this is called a hook.Read both the instructions and Part 1 in this section.Make sure that you know what fu

16、nction of a topic sentence is what a hook is.Then,read the two paragraphs in Part A and identify the topic sentence for each one.Read the following passage and choose the best topic sentence to add to each paragraph.1._ At first,leaves on the trees turn yellow and red.One day,they turn brown and fal

17、l to the ground.Night falls a bit earlier each day.Then,one morning,everything is covered by a soft blanket of snow.When people go outside,their hands feel cold and numb.Winter has come.ab2._If one wishes to become a scientist,such as a physicist,biologist or chemical engineer,he or she may study ph

18、ysics,botany,biochemistry and mathematics.However,if a student pays attention only to these subjects,he or she will develop analytical skills,but not creative skills.Many jobs require creative skills,and arts students have more creative skills than those who focus on science.To me,this is evidence o

19、f the importance of teaching the arts in the school.Luo Ping is editing several paragraphs he wrote about moving to a new city.Help him make his writing clearer by adding transitions from the box below.1.At first2.Then3.but4.so5.However6.Finally7.AfterAnswers:Find out（underline）the topic sentences o

20、f the following short passages:Now more and more people have realized how serious the problem is.Our government is doing its best to take measures to fight against pollution.Weve done a good deal of work,but heres still a long way to go.We must keep on fighting until we find ways to protect the envi

21、ronment from being polluted,and do away with pollution.We are sure that well win the battle.Goodbye,water pollution!_ABLanguage learning begins with listening.Children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before they start speaking,and later starters are often long listeners.Most

22、 children will“obey”spoken instructions some time before they can speak,though the word“obey”is hardly accurate as a description of the eager and delighted cooperation usually shown by the child.Before they can speak,many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises._

23、1.numb adj 2.physicist n.3.biologist n.4.botany n.5.biochemistry n.6.analytical adj.7.lawyer n.8.firm n.麻木的麻木的物理学家物理学家生物学家生物学家植物学植物学生物化学生物化学分析的分析的律师律师公司公司New words and phrases9.law firm10.adjustment.n.11.bungalow n.12.go bowling 13.skateboard n.14.astronomer n.15.telescope n.16.bakery n.律师事务所律师事务所调整

24、调整平房平房,小屋小屋打保龄球打保龄球滑板滑板天文学家天文学家望远镜望远镜面包店面包店Language pointsLanguage points1.Not all paragraphs have a topic sentence.（P24）并不是所有的段落都有中心句。并不是所有的段落都有中心句。英语中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些英语中的部分否定（即不完全否定）有如下一些表示方法：表示方法：一、一、all 的否定式：的否定式：not all（或：（或：allnot）表）表示示并非都并非都、不是所有的都不是所有的都例如：例如：Not all men can be masters.(=Al

25、l men cannot be masters.)并非人人都能当头头。并非人人都能当头头。Not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有的竹子都会并非所有的竹子都会长很高。长很高。二、二、both 的否定式的否定式：notboth(或：或：both not)并非两个并非两个都都 例如：例如：I dont want both the books.我不是两本书都要。我不是两本书都要。Both(the)windows are not open.两扇窗子并不都两扇窗子并不都开着。开着。三、三、every的否定式：的否定式：不是每不是每都都 例如：例如：Not every book is

26、educative.(或：或：Every book is not educative.)不是每本书都有教育意义的。不是每本书都有教育意义的。Not everyone likes this book.并非人人都喜欢这并非人人都喜欢这本书。本书。This flower is not seen everywhere.这花并不是这花并不是随处可见的。随处可见的。四、四、always的否定式：的否定式：并非总是（并非一并非总是（并非一直）直）例如：例如：He is not always so sad.他并不是一直都这样悲伤。他并不是一直都这样悲伤。五、五、entirely,altogether,comp

27、letely 和和quite 的否定的否定式：式：不完全不完全，并非完全并非完全 例如：例如：The businessman is never to be entirely trusted.不不可以完全信任商人。可以完全信任商人。He felt not altogether satisfied.他并不完全满意。他并不完全满意。I dont agree completely.我并不完全同意。我并不完全同意。What he did was not quite proper.他做的不十分妥他做的不十分妥当。当。六、六、all the time 的否定式：的否定式：并非一直并非一直、未未必老是必老是

28、例如：例如：A foolish man doesnt make a mistake all the time.笨人未必老是犯错误。笨人未必老是犯错误。七、七、notand的否定式，被否定的往往是的否定式，被否定的往往是and后后面的那一部分。面的那一部分。例如：例如：He did not speak clearly and correctly.他讲得清楚他讲得清楚但不正确。但不正确。This film is not interesting and instructive.这部电这部电影有趣但无教育意义。影有趣但无教育意义。She cannot sing and dance.她会唱歌但不会跳舞。她会唱歌但不会跳舞。如果将如果将and 换成换成or，not 对其后面的两部分就全盘对其后面的两部分就全盘否定了。否定了。2.For decades,Florida has been attracting older people.Grammar point:present perfective progressive(现在完成进行时现在完成进行时)HomeworkReview the grammar:The elements of a paragraph.