英语语法限定词-课件.ppt

1、-1 限定词（二）限定词（二）-2 冠词冠词定冠词定冠词不定冠词不定冠词零冠词零冠词-3定冠词的用法定冠词的用法.用在表示独一无二或被认为是唯一东西的用在表示独一无二或被认为是唯一东西的 名词前名词前 Eg:Some of the so-called“seas”extend to the other side of the moon unseen from the earth.（新编大学英语语法教程）（新编大学英语语法教程）the Boy Scouts（朗文英语语法（朗文英语语法 L.G亚亚历山大）历山大）the United Nations(朗文英语语法朗文英语语法 L.G亚历山大）亚历山大

2、）Compare:零冠词零冠词 Congress Paliament -42、用在表示特指的人或事物前、用在表示特指的人或事物前Eg:The life of Napoleon was very stormy.(朗文英语语法朗文英语语法 L.G亚历山大）亚历山大）This is the house where Luxun once lived.（百度定冠词百科词条）（百度定冠词百科词条）The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(百度文库教师课件）百度文库教师课件）-5.用在第二次提到的人或物的名词前用在第二次提到的人或物的名词前Eg:Singleton

3、 is a quiet village near Chichester.The village has a population of a few hundred people.(朗朗文英语语法文英语语法)Its her room.The room is bright and clean.（牛津英汉双解词典）（牛津英汉双解词典）Look!A car has stopped there!The car is very beautiful!(英汉大词典英汉大词典 陆谷孙陆谷孙等）等）-6.用在形容词，副词最高级或序数词用在形容词，副词最高级或序数词 Eg:Mount Qomolangma is t

4、he highest peak in the world.(英汉大词典英汉大词典 陆谷孙等）陆谷孙等）This is the most interesting book I have ever read on this subject.(英汉大英汉大词典词典 陆谷孙）陆谷孙）-75、定冠词与单数名词搭配，往往可起类指、定冠词与单数名词搭配，往往可起类指的作用，常用于正式语体的作用，常用于正式语体 E.g:The horse is a useful animal.Galileo claimed that he had invented the telescope.(新编英语语法教新编英语语法教程

5、程 章振邦）章振邦）The computer has revolutionized office work.(朗文当代英语词典朗文当代英语词典）-86、定冠词与某些形容词或分词连用，表示类、定冠词与某些形容词或分词连用，表示类别或抽象概念，也是一种类指用法别或抽象概念，也是一种类指用法Eg:You are asking me to do the impossible.(朗文当代英语词典）朗文当代英语词典）We should try our best to heal the wounded and resuce the dying.(牛津英牛津英汉双解词典）汉双解词典）The accused w

6、as brought into the court.(朗文当代英语词典）朗文当代英语词典）-9l在专有名称前带有表示职业的词语在专有名称前带有表示职业的词语Eg:the poet Gray(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）the judge Harris(英汉大词典英汉大词典 陆谷孙）陆谷孙）the publisher Collins(新编英语语法教新编英语语法教程）程）Compare:“职业职业+人名人名”被视为永久性的结合被视为永久性的结合零零冠词冠词Eg:Nurse Cavell Guard Richardson 7、冠词与专有名词、冠词与专有名词-10l地名前要带定冠词地名前要带定

7、冠词 the Netherlands the Crimea the Saar(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）l海洋、江河、海峡、海湾名称通常带定冠海洋、江河、海峡、海湾名称通常带定冠词词 the Alantic(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）the East China Sea（英汉大词典（英汉大词典 陆谷孙陆谷孙等）等）the English Channel(英汉大词典英汉大词典 陆谷孙陆谷孙等）等）Compare:San Francisco Bay不带定冠词不带定冠词-11l专有名词前带有限制性修饰语，通常带定专有名词前带有限制性修饰语，通常带定冠词冠词 Eg:the elde

8、r Pitt the young Shakespeare the new China(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）Compare:“修饰语修饰语+专有名词专有名词”结构已成为一个新的结构已成为一个新的专有名词专有名词不带冠词不带冠词 Eg:Roman Britain Tiny Tim Medieval England(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）-12l湖泊名称一般不带冠词，但有少数例外湖泊名称一般不带冠词，但有少数例外 Eg:the West Lake the Great Salt Lake（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）Compare:Eg:Lake Michiga

9、n Lake Geneva Sliver Lake(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）-13l山脉、群岛、沙漠及其他以复数形式出现山脉、群岛、沙漠及其他以复数形式出现的地理名称一般带定冠词的地理名称一般带定冠词 the Tian Shan the Philippine Islands the Sahara(英汉大词典英汉大词典 陆谷孙）陆谷孙）Compare:个别的山、个别的岛的名称不带冠词个别的山、个别的岛的名称不带冠词 Eg:Mount Fuji Mount Qomolangma Ireland(新编英语语法教程新编英语语法教程)-14l 组织、机构、公共建筑物、车船等名称，大多数组织、

10、机构、公共建筑物、车船等名称，大多数带定冠词带定冠词 Eg:the National Peoples Congress(英汉大词英汉大词典典 陆谷孙等）陆谷孙等）the United Nations(英汉大词典英汉大词典 陆谷孙等）陆谷孙等）the British Museum(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）Compare:如果以专有名词开首如果以专有名词开首不带冠词不带冠词 Eg:Cambridge University Westminster Abbey Manchester Grammer School(新编英语语新编英语语法教程）法教程）-15l许多报纸、杂志名称带定冠词许多报纸

11、、杂志名称带定冠词 The Times The Peoples Daily The New York Times(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）Compare:不带冠词的情况不带冠词的情况 China Daily Today Time（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）-16l 在乐器名称之前用定冠词在乐器名称之前用定冠词 Eg:the violin the piano the accordion (牛津英汉双解词典）牛津英汉双解词典）l 在度量衡名称之前常用定冠词在度量衡名称之前常用定冠词 Eg:They are paid by the week.She bought orange

12、s at one dollar the pound.They sell eggs by the dozen.Compare:在许多情况下，既可用定冠词，也可用不定冠词在许多情况下，既可用定冠词，也可用不定冠词 Eg:There are 16 ounces in a pound.It sells at two dollars a pound.My watch gains 12 seconds a day.-178、在某些与动词同型的名词之前用定冠词可、在某些与动词同型的名词之前用定冠词可表示一种相关的运动状态表示一种相关的运动状态Eg:The number of students in this

13、 school has been constantly on the increase.(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）Dont jump off the train when it is on the move.（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）We have been on the go all day.（新（新编英语语法教程）编英语语法教程）-189、在某些单数名词之前用定冠词可表示与各、在某些单数名词之前用定冠词可表示与各该名词相关的抽象意义该名词相关的抽象意义Eg:The music is pleasant to the ear.The landscape was rea

14、lly easy on the eye.There is still much of the schoolboy.-1910、在某些介词词组中表示人体部位的名词、在某些介词词组中表示人体部位的名词之前用定冠词可表示击中、捉住某人某部之前用定冠词可表示击中、捉住某人某部位等意义位等意义Eg:The ball happened to hit him in the face.She seized him by the collar.Somebody patted me on the shoulder.-201、用在单数名词前，表示一类人或物、用在单数名词前，表示一类人或物Eg:An ox is a

15、useful animal.(新编英语语新编英语语法教程）法教程）My brother William is planning to be a lawyer.(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）A triangle has three angles.（牛津英汉（牛津英汉双解词典）双解词典）不定冠词的用法不定冠词的用法-211、在职位、职称、官阶、职业等名称之前通、在职位、职称、官阶、职业等名称之前通常用零冠词常用零冠词Eg:Whos captain of the ship?(新编英语新编英语语法教程）语法教程）They elected him general manager of the c

16、ompany.（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）He was awarded the title of Model Worker.（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）零冠词的用法零冠词的用法-222、在球类、棋类等文体活动名称之前通常用、在球类、棋类等文体活动名称之前通常用零冠词零冠词Eg:How about a game of chess?I like to play football,but my wife prefers tennis.They have been playing bridge for a long time.-233、在季节名称之前，如果表示某某季节的性、在季

17、节名称之前，如果表示某某季节的性质，通常用零冠词质，通常用零冠词Eg:If Winter comes,can Spring be far behind?Autumn brings with the harvest time.The weather in that area can be over 40 in the hottest days of summer.-244、在、在night,day,morning等名词之前，如果等名词之前，如果表示这些时间的特征，通常也用零冠词表示这些时间的特征，通常也用零冠词Eg:Night came;millions of bats were flying

18、in the sky.(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）In New Zealand,day breaks five hours earlier than in Shanghai.（新编英语语法（新编英语语法教程）教程）He came at midday.（牛津英汉双（牛津英汉双解词典）解词典）-255、在、在by-词组中交通工具名称之前通常用零词组中交通工具名称之前通常用零冠词冠词Eg:by air/sea/bus（牛津英汉双解词典）（牛津英汉双解词典）6、在疾病名称之前（包括、在疾病名称之前（包括-s结尾的疾病名结尾的疾病名称），通常用零冠词称），通常用零冠词 The old man

19、died of tuberculosis.Smoking can cause cancer in the lungs.She is suffering from appendicitis.-267、在餐食名称之前通常用零冠词、在餐食名称之前通常用零冠词Eg:have breakfast（牛津英汉双解词典）（牛津英汉双解词典）have lunch(牛津英汉双解词典）牛津英汉双解词典）Dinner was already waiting for her.（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）Compare:l 但若特指某一次的餐食则用定冠词或不定但若特指某一次的餐食则用定冠词或不定冠词冠词Eg:

20、I am to give a dinner for the guests from Taiwan.（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）How did you enjoy the dinner last night?（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）-27l但若餐食名称带前置修饰语通常用不定冠但若餐食名称带前置修饰语通常用不定冠词词Eg:a big breakfast(牛津英汉双解词典）牛津英汉双解词典）She felt rather sleepy after such a good dinner.（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）I had a late supper last

21、 night.（新编英（新编英语语法教程）语语法教程）-288、湖泊名称一般不带冠词、湖泊名称一般不带冠词Eg:Lake Michigan（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）Lake Geneva（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）Sliver Lake(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）Compare:但有少数例外但有少数例外Eg:the West Lake the Great Salt Lake（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）-299、在由两个名词构成的并列对称结构中，名、在由两个名词构成的并列对称结构中，名词之前一般都带零冠词词之前一般都带零冠词Eg:He could

22、hardly keep body and soul together.(新编英语语法教程）新编英语语法教程）They have lived as husband and wife for year.（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）He stood firm and unflinching for King and Country.（新编英语语法教程）（新编英语语法教程）-30特殊用法：特殊用法：1、在、在bed,church,college,court,hospital,market,office,prison,sea,school,table等名等名词之前，如果带定冠词或不定冠词则表

23、示各该名词之前，如果带定冠词或不定冠词则表示各该名词所表示的处所；若带零冠词，则表示各该处所词所表示的处所；若带零冠词，则表示各该处所的功能的功能Eg:Before the war there used to be a school in the village.The boy is old enough for school.(已到入学已到入学年龄）年龄）It is a city on the sea.(=at the seaside)He wanted very much to go to sea.(=be a sailor)-312、在某些介词词组中，作为介词补足成分的、在某些介词词组中

24、，作为介词补足成分的名词词组可以带定冠词，也可带零冠词：名词词组可以带定冠词，也可带零冠词：带定冠词通常表示名词的本义；若带零冠带定冠词通常表示名词的本义；若带零冠词则表示比喻或转义词则表示比喻或转义 Eg:Notes are printed at the bottom of the page.He is a good man at bottom.(他实际他实际上是个好人）上是个好人）Who knows what will happen in the future?Please be punctual in future.(=from now on)-321、There is _ old bi

25、ke _ old bike is Mr.Zhaos Aan；TheBthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The 2、_ tiger is _ China AThe；a BA；the CThe；from DThe；the 3、We cant see _ sun at _ night Athe；the Bthe；Ca；D；Exercises-334、_ useful book it is！AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat 5、One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _“s”on the corner of _ handbag

26、Aa；an；theBa；a；the Can；an；an Dthe；a；a 6、_ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the worldAA；a BThe；theCA；the DThe；a -347、_ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meeting AAn；an；a BThe；an CThe；aDThe；the8、They made him _ king Aa Bthe Can D 9、Does Tom often play _ football after _ school？A；B；the C

27、the；Da；-3510、If you go by _train,you can have quite a comfortable journey,but make sure you get _fast one.A./,/B./,a C.the,a D./,/11、The most important thing about cotton in history is _part that it played in _Industrial Revolution.A./,/B.the,/C.the,the D.a,the12、My friends had _ supper at the Marys and they liked _dinner very much.A.the/B./the C.a the D.the a-3613、Shanghai is in _ east of China.A./B.an C.a D.the14、After watching _ TV,she played _ violin for an hour.A.不填不填 不填不填 B.the the C.the 不填不填 D.不填不填 不填不填15、_ usually go to church every Sunday.A.The Brown B.A Brown C.Browns D.The Browns