英语语法总结-课件.ppt

1、小小 学学 英英 语语 语语 法法一、名词（可数名词和不可数名词）二、代词三、冠词四、动词五、介词六、形容词和副词七、there be结构八、时态：1.一般现在时2.一般过去时3.现在进行时4.一般将来时九、“wh”的特殊疑问句一、名词名词（表示人和事物名称的词）专有名词普通名词特定的人、地方、机构等专有的名称。第一个字母通常要大写。e.g.Jim Green，New York，Bank of China，Peking University星期、月份、节日、学科、报刊名也是专有名词。个体名词 表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：student,desk集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：clas

2、s,family 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质名称，如：water,rice,sand，hair抽象名词 表示情感，状态，品质等抽象名称，如：love，carelessness个体名词和集体名词多数可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，有单、复数形式；物质名词和抽象名词通常无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词，一般只有一种形式。英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数英语语法中，只有可数名词才有复数形式。名词有两种数的形式：形式。名词有两种数的形式：1）单数（表示一个人或事物）；）单数（表示一个人或事物）；2）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。）复数（表示多于一个的人或数）。名词的数：名词的数：可数名词不可数名词

3、chicken(鸡，一种动物)fish（鱼，一种动物）an ice cream（一个冰淇淋）a tomato salad（一种西红柿沙拉）chicken（鸡肉）fish（鱼肉）ice cream（冰淇淋这一类）salad（沙拉这一类）名词复数形式的构成名词复数形式的构成形式形式变化规则变化规则发音发音例词例词一般情况一般情况+s1.清辅音结尾的名词后清辅音结尾的名词后s2.浊辅音结尾的名词后浊辅音结尾的名词后z；3.元音结尾的名词后元音结尾的名词后z;books,cups,catsdogs,birds,armsdays,players以以-s,-sh,-ch,-x,-z结尾的名词结尾的名词+e

4、sizbus,brush,boxes,watch,大多数以大多数以-o结结尾的有生命名尾的有生命名词词+esztomatoes,potatoes,heroes以以o结尾的无生结尾的无生命名词命名词+szradios,pianos,photos以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的名词结尾的名词把把y改成改成i再再加加eszstories,families,babies以以f和和fe结尾的结尾的大多数名词大多数名词把把f或或fe改改成成v再加再加eszthieves,knives,wives不规则名词的复数不规则名词的复数1.由元音字母的变化构成：由元音字母的变化构成：man-men,tooth-te

5、eth,foot-feet,mouse-mice,woman-women2.有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：有些名词的复数形式与单数的形式一样：sheep,deer,fish(但也可以是但也可以是fishes)3.有些名词变成复数时加有些名词变成复数时加-en:child-children,ox-oxenPractise1.peach_ 2.zoo _3.glass _4.fox _5.lady _6.policewoman _7.house _8.photo _9.monkey _10.wife _11.rose _ 12.path _13.judge _ 14.map _peaches

6、zoosglassesfoxesladiespolicewomenhousesphotosmonkeyswivesrosespathsjudgesmaps二、人称代词和物主代词二、人称代词和物主代词 主格主格 宾格宾格 形容词性形容词性 名词性名词性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours they them their theirsPractise1._(他)is my brother.2.I had a letter from _(她).3.It

7、s all right;its only _(我).4.Today _(我们)went in _(我们的)car;tomorrow _(我们)are going in _(他们的).5._(我)lend _(我的)books gladly to _(我的)friends and to _(你的).6.Can you help _(我)with _(我的)English.7.When _(你)go to see _(你的)father,please take these books to _(他).8._(他们)found _(它)difficult to learn German.Heherm

8、eweourwetheirsImymyyoursmemyyouyourhimTheyit所有格所有格所有格的形式所有格的形式单数人称名词末尾加单数人称名词末尾加 schild-childs以以-s结尾的单数人称名词末尾加结尾的单数人称名词末尾加swaitress-waitresss不规则的复数人称名词末尾加不规则的复数人称名词末尾加schildren-childrens以以-s结尾的复数人称名词末尾加结尾的复数人称名词末尾加girls-girls以以-s结尾的一些人名末尾加结尾的一些人名末尾加sJames-Jamess下列情况一般用下列情况一般用“of”结构：结构：1.东西东西(没有现成的复合

9、名词时没有现成的复合名词时):the book of the film2.东西的一部分东西的一部分:the bottom of the box3.抽象的概念抽象的概念:the price of success4.当当of短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：短语中的名词被另一个短语或从句修饰时：Cant you look at the book of the boy behind you?双重双重 s结构也可以用于结构也可以用于“of”结构之后，如：结构之后，如：a friend of my fathers,出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用出现这种情况是因为在一个名词前通常只用一个限定词

10、，又如：一个限定词，又如：this son of mine,a friend of yours,a cousin of hers等等。等等。Isnt Frank a friend of yours?That silly uncle of Toms has told me the same Joke five times.冠词不定冠词不定冠词a,an定冠词定冠词the只能用于单数可数名词之前只能用于单数可数名词之前单数可数名词单数可数名词复数可数名词复数可数名词不可数名词不可数名词零冠词名词前可不用冠词名词前可不用冠词小试牛刀 一、在下列单词前加上适当的不定冠词a/an。1._ elephant

11、 2._ old man 3._ nurse 4._ hour 5._ egg 6._ orange 7._ pen 8._baby 9._ doctor 10._ big gate Keys:1.an;2.an;3.a;4.an;5.an;6.an;7.a;8.a;9.a;10.a;小试牛刀小试牛刀 三、根据句意，填入适当的冠词。（20分)1.Do you like playing _ volleyball here?Yes.Look!I have _ volleyball.2.Can you see _ eraser on _ desk?Yes,whose is it?3.Lucy and

12、 Lily are _ sisters.And theyre _twins.4.I can see _“u”,_“R”and _“8”on the wall./theana/anaan小试牛刀1.My father is _ kind man,so he has many friends.A.a B.an C.the2.There is _“a”in the word“apple”.A./B.a C.an3.The Changjiang River is _longest in China.A./B.an C.the4.Whats wrong with you,_ Mum?A.the B./C

13、.a 5.She goes to _ school every day._ school is near her home.A.an;The B.a;A C./;TheAcCBC四、动词四、动词 动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，动词主要表示动作，其次表示状态或性质，有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。有时态、语态、语气等形式的变化。小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、小学阶段所涉及的动词主要有：实义动词、be动词、情态动词动词、情态动词can,must等。等。Be动词am,is,arewas,werePractise1.He _ very good at English.2.My fath

14、er and I _ going to Beijing next month.3._ you on duty the day before yesterday?4.Mr.King _ in London two weeks ago.5.There _ many kinds of animals in the zoo.6.What _ the date yesterday?7.Look!A little girl _ flying a kite.8.Who _ not at school last Monday?9.I _ not a nurse.I work as a doctor.isare

15、Werewasarewasiswasam五、动词的时态动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。动词时态是表示动作或状态发生或存在的时间和表示方式的一种动词形式。小学阶段所学的时态有：小学阶段所学的时态有：1.一般现在时：work/works2.现在进行时：am/is/are working3.一般过去时：worked4.一般将来时：am/is/are going to work will work一、一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数写出下列动词的第三人称单数 drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _二、用括

16、号内动词的适当形式填空。二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.He often _(have)dinner at home.2.Daniel and Tommy _(be)in Class One.3.We _(not watch)TV on Monday.4.Nick _(not go)to the zoo on Sunday.5._ they _(like)the World Cup?6._ your parents _(read)newspapers every day?7.The girl _(teach)us English on Sundays.8.She and I _(take)

17、a walk together every evening.现在进行时专项练习：现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：run_ swim _make_ begin_go_ like_ write_ shop _have _sing _dance _put_ see_ love_ live_ take_ come _ get _stop_ sit _ 二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _(draw)a picture now.2.Listen.Some girls _(sing)in the classroo

18、m.3.My mother _(cook)some nice food now.4.What _ you _(do)now?5.Look.They _(have)an English lesson.动词过去式变化规则：动词过去式变化规则：1一般在动词末尾加一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：，如：work-worked,2结尾是结尾是e加加d，如：，如：live-lived 3末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加再加-如：如：stop-stopped 4以以“辅音字母辅音字母 y”结尾的，变结尾

19、的，变y为为i，再加再加-ed，如：，如：study-studied 一、一、用动词的适当形式填空用动词的适当形式填空1.It _(be)Bens birthday last Friday.2.We all _(have)a good time last night.3.He _(jump)high on last Sports Day.4.Helen _(milk)a cow on last Friday.5.She likes _ newspapers,but she _a book yesterday.(read)6._ they _(sweep)the floor on Sunday?

20、No,they _.7.I _(watch)a cartoon on Monday.1.Peter _(play)basketball twice a week.2.Do you believe what he _(say)just now?3.Look!The lazy cat _(sleep)in the sofa.4.There _(be)a book and two pens on the desk.5._you _(see)a film tomorrow morning?6.She _(not play)the guitar at the moment.7.What _his fat

21、her usually _(do)in the evening?8.They _(have)a meeting next week,arent they?9.Both he and I _(be)teachers.10.I _(not feel)very well yesterday.11.He put on his coat and _(go)out.12.Lei Feng often _(help)others and he was helpful.13.Next Sunday,we _(clean)up the park.14.Hurry!Your mother _(wait)for y

22、ou at the school gate.summary playssaidis sleepingisAregoing to seeisnt playingdoesdo are going to havearedidnt feelwenthelpsare going to cleanis waiting六、介词六、介词介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句介词在句子中表示名词或代词等与其他词之间的关系。不能单独作句子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）子成分，常位于名词或代词（或与之相当的其他词类、短语、从句）前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词

23、的宾语。前面构成介词短语。介词后面的成分作介词的宾语。方位介词方位介词in,on,at,under,to,behind,beside,near,before,in front of,next to,between时间介词时间介词in,on,at,after,before,fromto,past,between 其它其它of,by,with,into,out of,for,Practise1.Look _ the picture.Its picture_ my school.2.There is a school building _ my school.It has five floors._

24、 the school building,there is a big playground._school,the children always play ball games there.3.My classroom is_ the fifth floor.Its big and clean.4.Miss Li is our class teacher.She comes _ school early every morning.She comes _bicycle.Then she does morning exercises _us.She likes sports.Tomorrow

25、 is her birthday.We will make a card _ her.We love her very much.5.There are some apples _ the tree.6.Wheres your study?Its next _ my bedroom.7.The car _ the tree is Jacks.8.The ball is_ the door,so you cant see it.9._ _ _the house,there are many trees.10.Listen!Someone is knocking _the door.11.Ther

26、e is something wrong _ my computer.atofinNearAfterontobywithforontounderbehindIn front ofat八、形容词和副词形容词形容词是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。是用来描写或修饰名词（或代词）的词。副词副词是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全是用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词以及全句的词。句的词。1.He is a good student.2.The film is very interesting.3.There is something wrong with the bike.4.Lucy is olde

27、r than Helen.1.The problem is very difficult.2.He wrote the letters carefully.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级情况情况比较级比较级最高级最高级一般情况一般情况+er,如：如：taller,longer,faster,sooner+est,如：如：tallest,longest,fastest,soonest以以e结尾的词结尾的词+r,如：如：later,nicer,larger+st,如：如：latest,nicest,largest以重读闭音节结以重读闭音节结尾的词尾的词双写最后一个字母，再双写最后一个字母，再+er,

28、如如:bigger,fatter双写最后一个字母，再双写最后一个字母，再+est，如：如：biggest,fattest以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词把把y改为改为i再再+er,如：如：busier,earlier把把y改为改为i再再+est,如：如：busiest,earliest大部分多音节词大部分多音节词在前面加在前面加more,如：如：more careful,more wonderfully在前面加在前面加most,如：如：most careful,most wonderfully不规则的词：不规则的词：good/well,many/much,farbettermoref

29、arther/furtherbestmostfarthest/further一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级一、写出下列形容词或副词的比较级 short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful_ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：二、根据句意填入单词的正确形式：1.My brother is two years _(old)than me.2.Tom is as _(fat)as Jim.3.Is your s

30、ister _(young)than you?Yes,she is.4.Who is _(thin),you or Helen?Helen is.5._Nancy sing _(well)than Helen?Yes,she _.6.Fangfang is not as _(tall)as the other girls.7.My eyes are _(big)than _(she)8.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom?9._the girls get up _(early)than the boys?No,they_.Practise1.Shanghai is

31、_than Beijing.It is _ city in our country.(large)2.Bill isnt as _ as Mike.Tom is _ than Mike.Who is _ of the three boys?(old)3.Mary draws as _ as Bill,and she is much _ than him at singing.(well,good)4.Spring is coming.The weather is getting _ and _.(warm)5.Tom,John and I bought a computer each last

32、 week.Johns computer is much _ than Toms and mine.It is _ of the three.(expensive)6.It is a little _ today than yesterday.(wet)7.Mrs Brown is much _ than she was two years ago.(healthy)8.Which do you like _,basketball,volleyball,or football?(well)largerthe largestoldolderthe oldestwellbetterwarmerwa

33、rmermore expensivethe most expensivewetterhealthierbestThere be 的结构肯定句：肯定句：There is/was a There are/were 一般疑问句一般疑问句:Is/Was there?Yes,there is/was.No,there isnt/was.Are there?Yes,there are/were.No,there arent/werent.否定句：否定句：There isnt/wasnt.There arent/werent.There be表示表示“存在有存在有”,即当我们告诉某人某事存在即当我们告诉某人

34、某事存在(或不或不存在存在)常用这种结构。其中常用这种结构。其中there是引导词是引导词,本身无词义本身无词义;be为谓为谓语动词语动词,后面跟的是名词后面跟的是名词,也就是主语也就是主语,也就是说也就是说there be结构结构的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在的运用也就是倒装的具体运用。其真正的主语在there be 之之后。后。There be 的结构1.Some 和和 any 一般情况下，一般情况下，some用于肯定句中，用于肯定句中，any用于否定句中。如：用于否定句中。如：There is some milk in the bottle.There arent any p

35、ictures on the wall.Is there anything new in todays newspaper?2.Be动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则：动词与后面所跟名词的就近原则：There is a pen and two pencils in the box.There are some students and a teacher in the classroom.Practise1There _ no tea in the cup Ais Bare Chas Dbe 2There is some _on the plate Aapple Bbread Cbanana Dsa

36、ndwich 3There _ some paper and a pen on the desk Ais Bare Chave Dhas 4There is some milk in the bottle，_？Aisnt there Barent there Cisnt it Dare there 5There is _ old woman in the car A Ba Cthe Dan ABAAD9Theres _ orange tree behind _ house Aan；the Ba；a Cthe；the 10There is _ map in the classroom_ map

37、is on the wall Aa；A Bthe；The Ca；The Dthe；A 11There is _“f”and _“u”in the word“four”Aan；a Ba；a Can；an Da；an 12There _ not any water in the glass Ahas Bis Care 13There _ an apple and ten bananas in the basketYou can take any of them Aare Bis Chas Dhave 14 _ any flowers on both sides of the street？AIs

38、there BAre there CHas DHave 15There is little water in the glass，_？Aisn t there Bisnt it Cis it Dis there 16There _ some water in the bottle Aare Bis Chas Dhave 17How many _ are there in your classroom？Adesks Bdesk Cchair Ddoor ACABBBDBA“Wh”的疑问句1.What1)Whats this/that?2)Whats your name?3)What are yo

39、u doing?4)What do you like/need?5)What did you do?6)What is his job?7)What do you usually do at the weekends?8)What are you going to do?9)What colour is it?10)Whats the weather like?11)What time is it?Whats the time?12)What day is it?Whats the date?13)What would you like?13)What can you see?14)What

40、subjects do you have this term?15)What lessons do you have in the morning?“Wh”的疑问句2.How 1)How are you?2)How old are you?3)How do we go to the park?4)How many apples can you see?5)How much are they?6)How about?7)How do you spend your weekends?8)How far?How long?How often?3.Who Who is that?Whos that b

41、oy in/with?“Wh”的疑问句4.Whose 1)Whose is this bike?2)Whose bike is this?3)Whose bag is bigger,yours or mine?5.Which 1)Which one?2)Which is longer,yours or mine?3)Which season do you like best?6.Where 1)Where is the book?2)Where are you from?7.Why Why?1.Tom visits the Science Museum every year.2.The bui

42、lding near the factory is the Peoples hospital.3.Jack did well in maths.4.Its cloudy today.5.My mother is over 40 years old.6.I usually take No.4 bus to work.7.We have a class meeting once a week.What does Tom visit every year?Which building is the Peoples hospital?How did Jack do in maths?Whats the

43、 weather like today?How old is your mother?Which bus do you usually take to work?How often do you have a class meeting?Practise8.The coat is 388 yuan.9.Uncle Wang feels better now.10.He goes to school by bus.11.They are cleaning their classroom now.12.They are on the lake.13.Xiao Wang is looking for

44、 his teacher.14.Toms mother is a music teacher.15.I go to work at eight.How much is the coat?How does Uncle Wang feel now?How does he go to school?What are they doing now?Where are they?Who is Xiao Wang looking for?What is Toms mothers job?/What does Toms mother do?What time do you go to work?PractiseThank you!