英语词性讲解学习教案课件.pptx
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1、会计学1英语词性讲解英语词性讲解概念:概念:是表示人,事物,抽象概念等名称的词。是表示人,事物,抽象概念等名称的词。根据词汇意义,名词可划分为:根据词汇意义,名词可划分为:专有名词专有名词和和普通名词普通名词第1页/共97页指表示人、地方、指表示人、地方、机构、组织等的专有名称。专有名词中实词机构、组织等的专有名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。的第一个字母要大写。具体说来它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、具体说来它包括人名、国家、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。电影名以及某些抽象名词等。Tony 托尼托尼 Japan 日本日本 Mr.Black 布莱
2、克先生布莱克先生 August 八月八月 Monday 星期一星期一 the Great Wall 长城长城 Christmas 圣诞节圣诞节 English 英语英语 A Tale of Two Cities 双城记双城记第2页/共97页普通名词:普通名词:表示一类人、东西、抽象概念的名词。例如:表示一类人、东西、抽象概念的名词。例如:表一类人:表一类人:pupil,police,woman,boy,father;表物:表物:box,tree,orange,water,computer;表抽象:表抽象:happiness,trouble,pleasure,love,life,etc.第3页/
3、共97页(1)个体名词。如:个体名词。如:cup,desk,student等。一般等。一般可数可数,有单,有单复数形式。复数形式。(2)集体名词。如:集体名词。如:class,team,family等。一般等。一般可数可数,有单,有单复数形式复数形式(3)物质名词。如:物质名词。如:rice,water,cotton等。一般等。一般不可数不可数,没,没有单复数之分。有单复数之分。(4)抽象名词。如:抽象名词。如:love,work,life等。一般等。一般不可数不可数,没有单,没有单复数之分。复数之分。第4页/共97页英语可数名词单复数英语可数名词单复数第5页/共97页规则变化:规则变化:以辅
4、音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变y为为i,再加再加es。如:如:family families,city cities,baby babies.以元音字母以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接词尾加结尾的名词,直接词尾加s。如:如:toy toys,holiday holidays以以f或或fe结尾的名词结尾的名词,变变f或或fe为为v,再加再加es。如:如:shelf shelves,wolf wolves,life lives,knife knives,wife wives,leaf leaves,thief thieves.例外:例外:roof roofs第6页/共97页规则变化:
5、规则变化:以辅音字母以辅音字母+o结尾的名词结尾的名词,词尾加词尾加es;如如:tomato tomatoes potato potatoes hero heroes 以元音字母以元音字母+o结尾的名词,直接词尾加结尾的名词,直接词尾加s。如如:piano pianos photo photos radio radios zoo zoos 第7页/共97页有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如:有些名词有不规则的复数形式。例如:child-children mouse-mice man men woman women 妇女妇女 tooth teeth foot feet 有些名词的单复数形式相同。例
6、如;有些名词的单复数形式相同。例如;deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,people,yuan 但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式,但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式,a dollar,two dollars第8页/共97页注意:注意:一些以一些以man,woman结尾的合成词,在构成复数时,结尾的合成词,在构成复数时,与与man,woman的变化形式相同。的变化形式相同。如:如:policeman policemen,Englishman Englishmen,Frenchman Frenchmen.中日瑞士不变 英法
7、变 其余s加后面第9页/共97页名称名称总称总称(谓语用复数谓语用复数)一个人一个人两个人两个人中国人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人澳大利亚人the Australiansan Australiantwo Australians俄国人俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人法国人the Frencha
8、Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人德国人the Germansa Germantwo Germans英国人英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes
9、第10页/共97页英语不可数名词英语不可数名词 不可数名词一般不可数名词一般没有没有复数形式复数形式,说明其数量时说明其数量时,要用有关要用有关计量名词。计量名词。如:如:a bag of rice two bags of rice,a piece of paper three pieces of paper,a bottle of milk five bottles of milk.第11页/共97页第12页/共97页第13页/共97页 1.Several _ are talking under the treeAnd they are_.Awoman;children Bwoman;chi
10、ld Cwomen;children 2.How far is your school from here?Not very farIts about twenty walk.(2000杭州)杭州)Aminutes Bminutes Cminutes 3.There are three in my family.(2004长春)长春)A.people B.person C.child 4.Most students can go to college for further in our city.A.education B.information C.science 5.This is be
11、droom.The twin sister like it very much.A.Ann and Jane B.Ann and Janes C.Anns and Janes C C A A B C C A A C C A B A C C A第14页/共97页根据所给单词的正确形式填空:根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the .(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of .(glass)
12、5.Please give them their .(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some .(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My sc
13、hool is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)ideasfootboysglassesphotoswatchesmonthstomatoespeoplewomenTeachersknivesvegetablesminutesLucysideasfootboysideasfoot根据所给单词的正确形式填空:根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work
14、on.(foot)3.I know one of the .(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of .(glass)5.Please give them their .(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day
15、.(teacher)12.Jim has some .(knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)boysideasfoot根据所给单词的正确形式填空:根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the
16、 .(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing a pair of .(glass)5.Please give them their .(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some .(
17、knife)13.How much are these?(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)boysideasfoot根据所给单词的正确形式填空:根据所给单词的正确形式填空:1.Different people may have different _.(idea)2.I often go to work on.(foot)3.I know one of the .(boy)4.Mr.Brown is wearing
18、 a pair of .(glass)5.Please give them their .(photo)6.Are there any in the box?(watch)7.There are twelve in a year.(month)8.Would you like some?(tomato)9.Look at those in the boats!(people)10.Look!The are singing.(woman)11.September 10th is Day.(teacher)12.Jim has some .(knife)13.How much are these?
19、(vegetable)14.My school is twenty _ walk from here.(minute)15.The girl under the tree is a friend of_.(Lucy)boysideasfoot第15页/共97页人称代词人称代词 物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词指示代词指示代词不定代词不定代词第16页/共97页人称人称单复数单复数主主 格格宾宾 格格形容词性形容词性物主代词物主代词名词性名词性物主代词物主代词反身代词反身代词第一第一人称人称单单 数数Imemyminemyself复复 数数weusouroursourselves第二第二人称人称单
20、单 数数youyouyouryoursyourself复复 数数youyouyouryoursyourselves第三第三人称人称单单 数数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitself复复 数数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves第17页/共97页用作句子的主语,放在动词前(疑问句式放在特殊动词后);用作句子的主语,放在动词前(疑问句式放在特殊动词后);eg.She lives in Toronto,Canada.Does he speak English?用作句子的宾语,放在动词或介词后;用作句子的宾语,放
21、在动词或介词后;eg.Yesterday my mother bought me a new bike.I usually go to movies with her on weekends.用作句子的定语,之后必须带名词;用作句子的定语,之后必须带名词;eg.This is my book.Thats his book.相当于一个名词词组,之后不能带名词(其代换的名相当于一个名词词组,之后不能带名词(其代换的名词需在前文中出现);词需在前文中出现);eg.His book is much newer than mine(=my book).一般放在动词后,要求同主语人称一致。一般放在动词后,
22、要求同主语人称一致。eg.She teaches herself English.第18页/共97页1.人称代词在并列使用时的顺序应是:人称代词在并列使用时的顺序应是:单数形式:(二、三、一)you/he/I复数形式:(一、二、三)we/you/theyeg.are good friends.These books are for.We,you and they are all fans of Jay Chous例如:例如:Miss Li invited _ have dinner with her.A.me and you B.you and I C.you and me2、在简短对话中,当
23、人称代词单独使用或在、在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在.例如:例如:I like English._ too.A.I B.He C.Me Who broke the window?Not _.A.I B.he C.her第19页/共97页3.名词性物主代词作主语时,名词性物主代词作主语时,主谓一致关系主谓一致关系:名词性物主代词作主:名词性物主代词作主语时,其后的谓语动词形式应同它所代换的名词形式保持一致。语时,其后的谓语动词形式应同它所代换的名词形式保持一致。eg.My shoes are cheap.But his _ expensive.A.isB.areC.beD.am4.反身代词
24、的正确写法(反身代词的正确写法(单复数的判断单复数的判断):):在使用反身代词时,应注意根据句中的某些词语推断其单复数形式在使用反身代词时,应注意根据句中的某些词语推断其单复数形式,并注意写法。,并注意写法。eg.Please help _ to some cakes,children.A.you B.yourselfC.yourselvesD.your第20页/共97页第21页/共97页 第22页/共97页第23页/共97页物主代物主代词词形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语修饰名词形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语修饰名词,一般不单独使用。,一般不单独使用。第24页/共97页名词性物主代词常用来避免
25、与前面提及的名词名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词重复,相当于重复,相当于“形容词性物主代词形容词性物主代词+名词名词”。eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?eg:This is my dictionary.Where is yours?第25页/共97页第26页/共97页反身代词常见固定搭配反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快过得愉快 自学自学 请随便吃请随便吃 自言自语自言自语 独自独自 为自己为自己 不要客气不要客气 陶醉沉浸于陶醉沉浸于 自己穿衣服自己穿衣服 照顾自己照顾自己 enjoy oneself teach/learn oneself
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