英语议论文写作指导(对比分析---正反观点)课件.ppt

1、 高三英语写作高三英语写作-How to write-How to write an argumentationan argumentation（议论文）（议论文）书面表达书面表达(满分满分30分分)(2006年陕西卷）年陕西卷）1.暑假即将来临，你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出了暑假即将来临，你班同学讨论了假期计划，提出了不同看法，请根据提示写一篇关于讨论的英语短文，不同看法，请根据提示写一篇关于讨论的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法。并谈谈你的看法。优点优点缺点缺点待在家中待在家中花费少，舒适方便花费少，舒适方便 不能亲身了解外界不能亲身了解外界外出旅游外出旅游增长知识，开阔眼增长知识，开阔眼界（界（

2、horizon/view）花费多，旅途不便花费多，旅途不便注意：注意：1.词数词数100-120 2.短文必须包括表中所列要点。短文必须包括表中所列要点。3.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。The summer holiday is coming.Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.1.convenient and comfortablecost less/save money lose the chance of getting to know the outs

3、ide world2.increase ones knowledge and widen ones horizons/views1.(待在家中待在家中)花费花费少，舒适方便少，舒适方便 不能亲身了解外界不能亲身了解外界2.(外出旅游外出旅游)增长增长知识，开阔眼界知识，开阔眼界花费多，旅途不便花费多，旅途不便spend more money and go through some trouble on the waybeginning1.have different views on sth/2.react to sth in different ways.3.differ in their

4、attitudes towards sth.conclusion my opinion(待在家中待在家中)(外出旅游外出旅游)someothersPart 1:(beginning)have different opinions on sth.react to sth in different waysdiffer in their attitudes towards sthPart 2:(body)some.others/prefer to do A.rather than do B.Part3:(conclusion)in a word/in short/in my opinion/I a

5、m in favor of the idea that/for/againststructureThe summer holiday is coming.Our class have had a discussion about what to do during the holiday.Students react to this problem in different ways.Some are in favor of staying at home.They say its both convenient and comfortable.Whats more,they can set

6、aside money for other purposes.But They will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world.However,others prefer to go out traveling as it can enrich their knowledge and broaden their views.But they will spend more money and go through some trouble while traveling.In my opinion,it would be mu

7、ch better to stay at home.Actually I have more reasons for it.When staying at home,I get to do what I like,such as reading books,watching TV,and helping my parents with the housework.In a word,to stay at home is better than to travel.正反观点对比常用句型正反观点对比常用句型(1)We have a(heated)discussion about 我们对我们对进行了

8、一次讨论。进行了一次讨论。Weve had a discussion about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.(2)We have had a survey on 我们对我们对开展了一开展了一次调查。次调查。Weve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to carry mobile phones to schools.(3)Opinions are divided on the question.在这个问题上意见有分歧。在这个问题上意见有分歧。(4)O

9、pinions are mainly divided into two groups.有两种有两种不同意见。不同意见。(5)Others have different opinions.其他人有不同其他人有不同看法。看法。(6)Sixty percent of the students are for the idea,while forty percent of the students think otherwise.有有60%的学生支持这个观点的学生支持这个观点，然而有然而有40%的学生则不这样认为。的学生则不这样认为。(7)Sixty percent of the students t

10、hink it necessary to,but forty percent of the students dont think so.60%的学生认为的学生认为是必须的，是必须的，而而40%的学生则不这样认为。的学生则不这样认为。(8)On the one hand,On the other hand,一一方面方面，另一方面，另一方面在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：在对某一观点作进一步论证时，可用下列句型：(1)Whats more,还有就是还有就是Whats more,we can get a good knowledge of the culture and social c

11、ustoms of the country where we study,as well as improve our English.(2)Besides,除此之外除此之外Some students cannot discipline themselves.Besides,its far too expensive to study abroad,which is a load to the family.当然在提出多个论据时，也可用当然在提出多个论据时，也可用First,Second,Third,来列举论据。来列举论据。词汇词汇,句型句型,语法多样化语法多样化 1.覆盖了所有的覆盖了所有的

12、要点要点 2.应用了较多的语法结构应用了较多的语法结构和词汇和词汇 3.有效地使用了语句间的有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑连接成分，使全文结构紧凑要要点点全全连连接接词词一、使用高级词汇一、使用高级词汇:词汇量能反映一个人知识贮存量的多少，词汇量能反映一个人知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标准。考生要想取也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标准。考生要想取得高分，就要强化使用复杂、高级的词汇。常用得高分，就要强化使用复杂、高级的词汇。常用方法如下：方法如下：1多实少虚多实少虚写作中多用写作中多用specific words，少使用，少使用general words，多用，多用蕴

13、含感情色彩的词语，少用中性词。如蕴含感情色彩的词语，少用中性词。如good指人时可用指人时可用以下形容词替换：以下形容词替换：kind,honest,generous,selfless,brave,warmhearted,sympathetic,honorable,humorous,smart,gentle等；等；good指事物或事情时可用以下形容词替换：指事物或事情时可用以下形容词替换：great,fantastic,splendid,marvelous,excellent,wonderful,meaningful,enjoyable,nice等。以下句子中的形容词虽然等。以下句子中的形容词

14、虽然都可以用都可以用good代替，但远不如原句出彩。代替，但远不如原句出彩。I hope everyone can have a time.He is a teacher.This is really a idea to go climbing Mount Hua this weekend.wonderfulwarmheartednice2短语优先短语优先多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。多使用词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采。I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.I can no longer the way he speak

15、s to us.He what I said in the class.He what I said in the class.put up withdidnt listen toturned a deaf ear to3弃旧取新弃旧取新写作中要恰当得体地使用高中学过的、较长的词汇。写作中要恰当得体地使用高中学过的、较长的词汇。We all the same chance.We all the same chance(opportunity)We have homework to do at the weekend.We have homework to do at the weekend.h

16、avepossess a lot ofendless4避免重复避免重复尽量避免过多地使用某一个单词，必要时选择使用其他尽量避免过多地使用某一个单词，必要时选择使用其他恰当的同义词或词组来代替。恰当的同义词或词组来代替。I like reading while my brother watching football matches.I like reading while my brother watching football matches.likesenjoysWeve built a new experiment building beside the old one and weve

17、 also a library where the old playground used to be.Weve built a new experiment building beside the old one and weve also a library where the old playground used to be.builtset up二、使用较复杂结构二、使用较复杂结构 1在一篇文章中要适当地改变语法结构来增加文章表达在一篇文章中要适当地改变语法结构来增加文章表达方式的多样性。方式的多样性。(1)改变时态和语态改变时态和语态The bell is ringing now.

18、There goes the bell!(2)使用名词性从句使用名词性从句It disappointed everybody that the player was badly injured in the first round.The fact that the player was badly injured in the first round disappointed everybody.(3)使用较高级的状语从句使用较高级的状语从句I wont believe what you say.No matter what you say,I wont believe.(4)使用定语从句使

19、用定语从句The girl is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written.The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.(5)使用虚拟语气使用虚拟语气You didnt take my advice,so you failed in the exam.If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed in the exam.(6)使用倒装句使用倒装句Some valuable books and my

20、credit cards are in it.In it are some valuable books and my credit cards.(7)使用强调句型使用强调句型He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened.2改变句子开头的方式。不要一味地采用改变句子开头的方式。不要一味地采用“主语主语谓谓语语宾语宾语

21、”的文法语序。可以适当地把一些成分的文法语序。可以适当地把一些成分(如状语如状语)提前，放在句子的开头，这样使整个句子提前，放在句子的开头，这样使整个句子读起来跌宕起伏，增加书面表达的表现力。读起来跌宕起伏，增加书面表达的表现力。We met at the school gate and went to the Hongxing Farm together early in the morning.Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went to the Hongxing Farm together.The young man

22、 couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.Hearing the bad news,the young man couldnt help crying.3通过整合的方式，把几个松散的句子用一定的连接通过整合的方式，把几个松散的句子用一定的连接方式连接起来，也可以对所学的英语句式加以简化，使方式连接起来，也可以对所学的英语句式加以简化，使写出来的句子更加准确、得体、简洁、灵活。写出来的句子更加准确、得体、简洁、灵活。We had a short rest.Then we began to play happily.We sang and da

23、nced.Some told stories.Some played chess.After a short rest,we had great fun singing and dancing,telling jokes and playing chess.根据学校通知，从即日起因学习需要高三学生体根据学校通知，从即日起因学习需要高三学生体育课暂时取消。通知发出后，在学生中引起了育课暂时取消。通知发出后，在学生中引起了热烈的讨论。假如你是李华，请根据下表提供热烈的讨论。假如你是李华，请根据下表提供的内容给的内容给“China Daily”编辑写一封信反映讨编辑写一封信反映讨论情况，并提出自己的

24、看法和理由。论情况，并提出自己的看法和理由。注意：注意：(1)词数词数100120；(2)开头已写好，不计入总词数。开头已写好，不计入总词数。赞成赞成1.体育课会让人筋疲力尽，有时还会受伤。2.可以充分利用时间来学习并实现自己的目标。反对反对1.体育课有助于我们的身体健康。2.体育课有助于缓解我们的学习压力。你的你的看法看法Dear editor,As is announced in our school,our PE classes for Senior Three students have been cancelled this term.Dear editor,As is announ

25、ced in our school,our PE classes for Senior Three students have been cancelled this term.Students react to this problem in different ways.Some stutents think it can benefit us in many ways.First,PE classes can make us fit and strong physically,we will get the chance to train almost all parts of our

26、bodies.Second,when we feel that we are in a low spirit or stressful,taking part in sports in our PE classes can help us forget our stress and worries.However,others think PE classes can also bring us a lot of trouble.Too much exercise may make us exhausted,sometimes too hard training may hurt us or

27、even make us sick.Besides,we can also make full use of the time to study so that our dreams will come true.I am fond of PE classes very much.I feel that I not only gain a well balanced life through going in for sports,but also get more chances to make more friends,so Im strongly against cancelling it.