英语命题解析课件.ppt

1、英语命题英语命题分分 析析 试题分析的写法要求抓住要点简明扼要点明考点排除干扰项点明正确答案指出解题策略避免单调要 点不同题型、不同考点不同分析思路分析思路与设题思路应一致，但顺序想相反。体例一致简明扼要，点明要点、区别考点、意义、区别各大题型解析特点及范例单项填空题按考点分类：语法试题首先确定考点为测试某个语法项目，并从语义入手，然后分析试题语境所要表达的交际功能，其次分析题干的结构，从不和语义、结构和不和结构逐一排除。最后确定正确答案为。23 Mary wrote an article on_ the team had failed to win the game.A why B what

2、 C who D that 解析 A。本题考查宾语从句引导词的选用。选择名词性从句的引导词可采用从句中“缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则，效果非常好。就本题来看，宾语从句中不缺少主语和宾语，可排除what和who，根据语境/题意“Mary写了一篇关于那支队伍为什么没能赢得这场比赛的文章”可知，宾语从句中缺少原因状语，如果选择that引导宾语从句，句子也能成立，但是意思只是“Mary就那支队伍没能赢得比赛写了一篇文章”，显然不如选A更符合逻辑。答案为A。24 I have many friends,_ some are businessmen.A of them B from which C who

3、 of D of whom 解析 D。本题考查“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。观察此题，可以看出句中有一个逗号，前后是两个句子，说明这是一个含有非限制性定语从句的主从复合句，排除选项A。选择“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的介词时，应将先行词放到定语从句中，看其在定语从句中是与哪个介词搭配的。本题的定语从句部分还原为简单句应为“some of them(my friends)are businessmen.”或“of them(my friends)some are businessmen.”因此答案为D。Tom,you _ leave all your clothes on the floo

4、r like this!A wouldnt B mustnt C neednt D may not 解析 B。本题考查情态动词的用法。从感叹号的语气来看，说话人是命令的口吻，“Tom，你不准像这样把所有的衣服都撂在地上！”mustnt有“禁止，不准”的意思，语气非常强烈，而neednt“没必要”，may not“或许不”，wouldnt“不愿意”不管在语气还是在意思上都与语境不符。答案为B。The storm left,_ a lot of damage to this area.A caused B to have caused C to cause D having caused 解析 D

5、。本题考查非谓语动词的用法。这是一个简单句，逗号后不能使用谓语动词，有些考生会误把caused当成动词的过去式而选择A项。一般说来，逗号分开后应使用分词作状语，而不使用不定式。答案为D。The chairman thought_ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting.A that B it C this D him解析 B。本题考查it作形式宾语的用法。当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语，放在宾语补足语之前。find,make,think,consid

6、er,feel等动词不能直接接不定式作宾语，需用it代替不定式作形式宾语。答案为B。词语用法试题确定考点，从语义和选项意义入手，初步确定选项，然后再分析题干所需选项的形式，排除干扰项，最后正确答案为-。Is this factory _ we visited last year?A.that B.one C.the one D.it解析：C。解答本题的关键在于确定信息词“this”在句中作什么成分。由于指示代词this作定语修饰factory，所以空格处要填表语，只有the one才能满足要求，故答案为C。everybody(每个人,任何人)。词语辨析试题 确定考点，首先从语义入手，然后分析各

7、选项的外延、含义、用法、搭配及运用语境分析，排除干扰项，确定正确答案。例一She_his number in the phone book to makesure that she had got it right.(NMET97-9)A.looked up B.looked for C.picked out D.picked up 答案A 分析根据句义，应选的短语动词的含义是“查找”。下面我们分析一下四个选项中短语动词的含义，“look up”（查找）：lookup a word/a number；“look for sb./sth”（寻找）；“pick out”意为“挑 选”、“挑出”；“

8、pick up”意为“捡起”、“搭乘”。从四个短语动词的意义可选出其正确答案。例二I can hardly hear the radio.Would you please _?(NMET95-25)A.turn it on B.turn it down C.turn it up D.turn it off 答案C 分析动词与不同的介词、副词搭配就构成不同的动词词组，它们表达着丰富含义。单纯地了解和识记 这些动词词组是不够的。而根据语境去灵活地运用这些词组非常重要。此句中是说“几乎听不见”，所以要求“开大声点”。假如语境给出的条件是“感到喧闹的话”，那么答案恐怕就得选B（调小音量）；假如语境给

9、出的条件是“感到节目太没意思”的话，那么答案就得选D（关闭）。例一He gained his_by printing_of famouswriters(NMET95-40)A.wealth;work B.wealths;works C.wealths;work D.wealth;works 答案D 分析该题考查名词数的问题。wealth是不可数名词，而work作为“工作”解时是不可数名词，但此题 中的work是作“作品”讲，是可数名词，因此综合两空的情况，只能选D，所以在解题时要把握语境的概念。例三Last night I had a terrible cold and achedall_.(

10、Shanghai97-16)A.the way B.over C.at once D.the worst 答案B 分析该题是考查非动词短语的一个习语试题，从句意“昨晚我患了感冒，感到浑身不舒服”可得知所 提供的习语中应选B（浑身、全身），A项中的all the way意为“一路上、一直、完全”；C 项中的“all at once”意为“突然”，D项中的“all the worst”为“最糟糕”，结合句意该题的正确答案为B 搭配型试题 分析近几年的高考试题可以看到，高考单项填空题注重搭配型试题的考查，搭配型试题考查的角度有以下 几种情形：一是考查动词习惯搭配中的动词，一是考查动宾习惯搭配中的名词

11、，另一种是考查其它的搭配情况，因此，考生应注意此种题型的学习和研究。例一Heres my card,lets keep in_.(NMET94-33)A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship 答案A 分析从汉语角度看，四个选项好象都能符合题意，但是从习惯搭配上看，只能选A。我们知道，“与 某人保持联系”的短语是“keepin touch with sb.”，该题干中省略了“with each other 例三If by any chance someone comes to see me,askthem to leave a_.(NMET97-1

12、8)A.message B.letter C.sentence D.notice 答案“留言、留话”应为“leave a message”。因此，该题答案为A，此句中的“by any chance”的意思是“万一”。该题考查动宾习惯搭配中的宾语。例四The captain_an apology to the passengersfor the delay caused by the bad we ather.(NMET92-14)A.made B.said C.put D.passed 答案A 分析“向某人道歉”应为“make an apology to sb.”。该题考查了这一习惯搭配中的“

13、动词”的选 择，考生只要掌握这一搭配结构就能正确选择出答案。若不掌握这一固定搭配形式，就会受到母语的影响而误 选干扰性极强的B项。逻辑型试题 分析近几年的高考单项填空题可以看到，在考查考生基础语言知识的同时还注意对学生整体逻辑关系的考 查，特别是上、下文的关系。因此，在解题时，一定要理解和掌握文字的内在含义和内在逻辑关系，只有做到 这一点才能做好此类试题。例一They were all very tired,but_ of them couldstop to take a rest.(NMET95-17)A.any B.some C.none D.neither 答案C 分析该题中的all是关

14、键词，它说明they 包括三个以上的人。D答案首先被淘汰。but也是关键词，表 示上下文之间的关系是转折，所以此句只能选有否定意义的词，因此答案为C。如果将该题干中的but换成so，整个的逻辑关系就变了，B可选，所以解题时要把握句与句之间的逻辑关系，理解语境，找准信息词。例二Do you remember_he came?Yes,I do,he came by car.(NMET94-12)A.how B.when C.that D.if 答案A 分析若仅从“Do you remember _ he came?”来看，四个选项都符合，但据下句中“by car”这一信息只能选A。因此，“byca

15、r”对上下文起到了制约的作用。例三My name is Robert,_ most of my friends callme Bob for short.(NMET97)A.then B.instead C.however D.but 答案D 分析该题从下文逻辑意义上看可选B、C或D，但从词性上看只能选C、D。“but”这里作并列连词，连接两个分句；选项 C 中的however也可作连词，但它必须用逗号隔开，而选项B是副词，因此该题答案为D。交际试题 近几年高考单项填空题注重了对语言交际功能的考查。这就要求考生要对西方文化和风俗习惯有所了解和 把握，尤其要对“两纲”中的4i条交际用语要做到熟练

16、运用，因此，考生在做此类试题时要按照英美国家的风 俗习惯来解题，切忌选择那种“中文式”的交际选项。确定考点为-的表达方式。首先分析语义和语境，然后从选项的交际功能与语境的对应分析，逐一排除干扰项。例二Hi,havent seen you for ages!You look fine!_.You look well,too.(NMET94-17)A.Great B.Thanks C.Oh,no D.Not at all 答案B 分析该题答案为B，解此题时要按照英语的语言表达习惯来选题。英美人的习惯是：当听到别人对自 己的赞许时，应道一声“谢谢”之类的话，这与我们东方文化习俗是不同的。Can I

17、speak to Mr.Wang,please?_ A Who are you?B Im Wang.C Speaking D Are you John?解析 C。本题考查打电话时的交际用语。注意英语与汉语在打电话时表达习惯的不同：汉语打电话时说“我是”，英语中不用“I am”，而用“This is speaking.”或其他省略形式，如“peaking.”“This is.”“John speaking.”“Johns here.”等。如果要问对方是谁，英语中不用“Who are you?”，而用“Who is calling/speaking,please?”“Whos that speak

18、ing/calling?”“Who is it?”“Is that?”等表达形式。根据本题打电话的情景可知，答案为C。Oh dear!Ive just broken a window._.It cant be helped.A Never mind B All right C Thats fine D Not at all 解析 A。本题考查交际用语。表示安慰别人时可用“Thats all right.”“Never mind.”“It doesnt matter.”“Dont worry about it.”“Dont bother.”“Dont think any more about i

19、t.”等。All right（行，好吧），Thats fine（很好）是对“建议”的答语，Not at all“别客气”“一点也不”是对“感谢”或“求助”的答语。答案为A。综合型试题 近几年高考单项填空题设计的另一特点是，由单一知识的考查转向对两个或两个以上知识点的同时考查，这样的设计使试题具有很强的综合性，这对考生的要求就更高了。这样的试题要求考生具有扎实的基础知识，同时要具有综合运用语言知识的能力以及一定的解题技能。例一Dont all speak at once!_,please.(NMET94-26)A.Each at one time B.One by one time C.One

20、for each time D.One at a time 答案D 分析此题考查了两个知识点，一是不定代词one的用法；一是考查了介词短语at a time。A项的at o ne time 表示“同时，曾经”，与题意不符；B项的选项无意义；C项的for each time 多了个介词for；D项的 at a time表示“每次、一次”。因此，结合“Dont all speak at once”这一条件，该题应选D“每次一 个人”。例二The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,his mother told him_.(NMET 95-35

21、)A.not to B.not to do C.not do it D.do not to 答案A 分析此题考查了两个语法点，一是不定式的否定式，一是不定式的省略与替代问题。答案C、D不符合 不定式的否定式，而答案B 不符合省略与替代问题，因此，正确答案是A。例三 All of the flowers now raised by her havedeveloped form those_in the forest.(Shanghai97-23)A.once they grew B.they grew once C.that once grew D.once grew 答案C 分析该题综合性极强

22、，一是考查了句型的辨认，要求考生判断该句属于何种句型，从句子结构可看到 该题的选项在句中应作定语；二是考查了副词在句中的位置；三是考查分词作定语与定语从句作定语之间的转 换关系。综合上述几种情况可以得到该题的正确答案。完形填空按考点分类：语篇填空上下文填空近义词选择搭配 常识.A.keyB.minorC.linkingD.questioning解析36、A。key：关键的。这里指旅游是国家计划的重要组成部分。因此A 符合题意。minor 次要的，不重要的。linking：连接。questioning：提问。都不符合题意 A.range B.viewC.milesD.distance 答案：A。

23、range：射程，有效距离，量程。stay out of the range of big guns：呆在大炮射程之外；This weapon can kill at a range of 200 yards.这种兵器在200 码内有杀伤力。此处指中转站能发射到的距离范围之内。A.EvenB.AlthoughC.UnlessD.Whenever 答案：B。根据上下文的逻辑关系，需要一个转折关系的连词。“为了发射的范围更广一些，虽然电视中转站经常设在高山上，可是却远不如设在山顶上发射的范围广。”A.spinsB.revolvesC.jumpsD.circles 答案：B。revolve arou

24、nd：绕转，公转（主要指星球，球体）。Satellites revolve around their planets.卫星绕着各自的行星运转。The earth revolves around the sun.地球饶太阳公转。此处指卫星绕着地球转动。spin：旋转(以为轴)。The earth spins on its axis.地球绕着轴旋转。The skater spun round and round on the ice.溜宾冰者在冰上不停的打旋转。jump:跳跃circle：使转圈，在上方盘旋 A.ThisB.ThatC.WhatD.Which 答案：A。因为前面是句号，所以不是定语

25、从句，不用that,which。而且根据语法来看，也不是从句，不需要连词。而且指示代词this,that 有时可代替前面的句子或句子中的一部分。this 指较近的空间距离。因此A最合适。阅读理解题分析例证阅读理解题分析例证解推断题最主要的方法是根据词义关系推断具体细节。1.D。细节题。题目问岛的四周是：A.长满了树 B.仅被草覆盖 C.有花、草覆盖 D.光秃秃的答案可在本文第一段中找到。Whose bare rocky edges rose abruptly from the transparent water.（岛边光秃秃的岩石从清澈见底的水中突然耸起。）因为岛的四周都是光秃秃的岩石，自然没

26、长什么东西来覆盖。故D选项符合题意。事实题直接事实题在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息，采用针对性方法进行阅读，因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。间接事实题：分析此类题需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断。3.B。推断题。题目问船是怎样前进的。看第一段最后一句：The current must have been steady and strong,for the boat kept moving forward smoothly,without meeting any obstacle,as though it were being steered by some i

27、nvisible hand.（水流一定既平稳有有力，因为小船一直顺利地前行，没遇到任何阻挡，好像有一只看不见的手在为它掌舵。）比较四个选项，A)迅速向前开 B)没遇到任何阻碍地往前开 C)颠簸地往前开 D)无力地往前开可以看出B选项符合题意。推断题。参看文章第二段第一句：Soothed by the peace of my journey,I had lost all count of time but eventually I became aware that the boat was gliding slowly towards the bank.(宁静的旅途让我感倍感轻松，完全忘记了时

28、间，最后我才意识到小船正慢慢地向岸边驶去。)由此可知，作者当时的感觉既不是B)害怕，C)处于半清醒状态，也不是D)无助的，而是轻松自在的，所以A)选项符合题意。综合题。本题需要综合考虑，在第一段中，Soft fluffy clouds were reflected in the velvet surface of the water.(像丝绒般柔和的云彩照在天鹅绒一样的水面上。)这说明天空中有云。第二段中，an old man was standing,his hand shading his eyes.(一位老人站在那儿，用手挡住刺眼的阳光。)这说明天气是晴朗的。把二者结合起来，短文中描写的

29、天气情况就是“阳光照耀，但是有云”。所以C选项符合题意。B。推断题。题目是为什么作者的经历被描写成恶梦。看四个选项A)他控制不住自己的行为；B)他对某些未知的东西感到害怕 C)他知道有某种可怕的东西在等他；D)迎接他的人看起来很坏。仔细阅读文章第三段和第四段可知，作者把自己的经历描写成噩梦，主要是因为对情况不了解引起的，而且随着对情况的深入了解，这种害怕的心理逐步消失殆尽。所以B选项符合题意。词义理解题分析此类题时，学生应尽可能地利用生词所在的上下文来猜测词义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。A.determinedB.discussed

30、C.arguedD.sold解析 56、B。前一句说：没有一个政府敢轻视这一行业，所以旅游部长要和专家亲自讨论这些细小的问题：宾馆的卫生间，沙滩上的遮阳伞，冰激凌的销售。因此discuss最符合题意。determined常用在：be determined to do sth.下定决心做.argue：辩论，提出理由。Sold：卖，出售。.A.sufferedB.lostC.investedD.benefited答案：D。benefit:得益，受益。因此只有D 最符合题意。“由于旅游者的人数增加，政府大大的受益。”suffer：遭受，忍受（常接from）lose：丢失。invest：投资。意思都不

31、正确。短文改错解析(I)1.whichwhere。where引导定语从句，修饰表地点的先行词town,where在定语从句中作状语。2.去掉of。because后面接从句，而because of后面接短语。3.placeplaces。此处名词应该用复数形式。4.去掉where。现在分词短语作定语，where多余。5.cheaplycheap。cheap和friendly是并列的形容词作表语。6.openedopen。open本身即形容词。7.andto。fromto构成固定词组。8.本行无错。9.MexicaMexican。形容词作定语。10.bit前加a。a bit是固定词组,在句中作状语，

32、修饰hot。(II)1.sciencescientific。应该用形容词作定语。2.planet前加the。planet前用定冠词，特指Mars。3.去掉be。can rise在本句中表“气温上升”。4.sunsuns。名词所有格作定语，修饰heat。5.drops后加to。drop to表下降到。6.someany。在表否定意义的副词hardly后面用any,hardly any oxygen意为“几乎没有任何氧气”。7.andor。此处表选择关系。8.working后加on。work on是固定词组，表“研究”。9.makemakes。本句的主语是名词cost,故谓语动词用单数形式。10.

33、本行无错。What kind of friend does Ann want?A.A friend who can play with her.B.A friend who can talk with her.C.A friend she can tell everything to.D.A friend who can give her some advice.Ann wants a friend_.A.who can play with her B.B.who can talk with herC.she can tell everything to D.who can give her

34、some advice2.According to the text,who is Anns best friend?A.A German.B.Her diary.C.Her family.D.Books.3.What do we know about Ann?A.she had to hide away because she is Jewish.B.She and her family hid away for all her life.C.She wrote down a series of facts in her diary as most people do.D.She cant

35、sleep every night because of fright.We can infer from the text that Ann _.A.had to hade away because she is JewishB.and her family hid away for all her lifeC.wrote down a series of facts in her diary as most people doD.cant sleep every night because of fright4.What is the diary about?A.Ann cant go o

36、utdoors to play.B.Ann loves nature very much.C.Ann used to sleep late.D.Ann prefers night to day.5.What can we get about the English teacher_Ms Shen?A.She is very enthusiastic and the method is like that of the teachers at the writers Junior High School.B.She is very enthusiastic and the method is n

37、othing like that of the teachers at the writers Junior High School.C.She is not very enthusiastic and the method is nothing like that of the teachers at the writers Junior High School.D.She is not very enthusiastic and the method is like that of the teachers at the writers Junior High School.6.Accor

38、ding to paragraph 4,what does Ms Chen want to do?7.What does the second paragraph mainly discuss?8.Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph?9.What does the first paragraph tell us about Westhusins dog cloning project?10.We learn from the first paragraph that many Ame

39、ricans believe_.6.He listed all the things he had to do.Our monitor listed all the things he had to do at the class meeting.When we were kids,we usually had many strange thoughts.These thoughts are always so funny to adults.But it seems so real and natural to children.Lets see what these people used

40、 to believe.Peter Sanders:I used to think that wild flowers were really“wild”.I was terrified at the thought of going to the countryside.I was afraid that“wild”flowers would attack me.Jane:When I was little,I thought that a monster lived under my bed,and if I didnt cover myself up with blankets,it w

41、ould come out and eat me.Even if I was hot,I would pull my covers up to my face,for fear of attracting these monsters.Jenny:When my cousin and I were about three or four,we thought“chicken salad”was a salad for chickens to eat.So we picked a lot of grass,leaves and flowers and mixed them together.Th

42、en we put this lovely“salad”in a pan and gave it to my grandmothers chickens.We were really disappointed when they refused our offering.Those picky chickens!46.According to the passage,what do kids think of their thoughts?A.Specific.B.Real.C.Funny.D.Stupid.47.According to Peter,wild flowers would _.

43、A.attract people B.attack people C.frustrate people D.influence people47.In Peters opinion,wild flowers would _.A.attract people B.attack people C.frustrate people D.influence people48.Why did Jane cover herself with blankets when she was little?A.Because she wanted to keep warm.B.Because she was af

44、raid of monsters.C.Because she didnt want to get up.D.Because she wanted to go on sleep.49.What did Jenny and her cousin use to make a“chicken salad”?A.Grass,flowers and milk.B.Flowers,leaves and water.C.Grass,leaves and ants.D.Leaves,flowers and grass.50.The main purpose of this article is to tell

45、us _.A.the difference between children and adults B.the real meaning of wild flower C.what chicken salad is D.some funny thoughts of kidsOur climate（气候）is changing both in Britain and round the world.Because of man-made pollution,the earth is becoming warmer and warmer.The 1990s was the warmest ten

46、years and the 20th century the warmest century.There are many signs of climate change around us.In Europe,the glaciers（冰川）of the Alps are disappearing and droughts（干旱）in the Mediterranean are worse than before.Southern Spain is turning into desert.And,as ice melts（融化）and oceans warm,sea levels all o

47、ver the world are rising.We are in danger because the rain is likely to reduce（减少）because of warmer temperatures.In southeast England there used to be much rain,but the rain will reduce by half in the next 40 years.Fewer people may die of cold in the winter,but many more could die of heat in the sum

48、mer.In the summer of 2003,about 20,000 people died of heat in France;the same could soon happen in Britain.The Environment Agency is taking a leading role in advising governments to take measures to deal with it.51.The earth is becoming warmer because of _.A.the rise of sea levels B.the heat of summ

49、er C.the increase of rain D.man-made pollution 修改后51.What increases the temperature over the earth?A.the rise of sea levels B.the heat of summer C.the increase of rain D.man-made pollution52.What is turning into desert?A.Europe.B.The Mediterranean.C.Southern Spain.D.France.52.What does the second pa

50、ragraph mainly discuss?A.The glacier of the Alps.B.The droughts in the Mediterranean C.The change of climates on the earth.D.South Spain.53.What can cause the rise of sea levels?A.The melting of ice.B.The reducing of rain.C.The cold weather.D.The strong wind.54.When will the rain in southeast Englan