英语专四写作课件.ppt

1、TEM-4 Writinga)作文要求根据所给的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲)写一篇200词的短文，能做到内容切题、完整，条理清楚，文章结构严谨，语法正确，语言通顺恰当。作文的类别有说明文、议论文或记叙文。考试时间为35分钟。b)便条要求根据提示写大约5060词的便条、通知、请帖等。要求做到格式正确，语言得体。考试时间为10分钟。作文评分标准 满分15，分项可以打0.5分。1.1.思想与表达思想与表达2.2.语言运用能力语言运用能力3.3.写作规范写作规范 1.思想与表达（思想与表达（Ideas and Arguments）：）：n满分为7分，其中1-2分较差，3分

2、一般，4-5分良好，6-7分优秀。n思想内容：（idea&content）内容切题内容充实观点明确论据支持观点有独到见解n表达效果（effectiveness）表达清晰有说服力n篇章组织（Rhetorical Organization）每段有主题句句间衔接自然段间过渡自然第一部分明确提出观点最后一部分自然得出结论段落排列合理2.语言运用能力语言运用能力(Language Use)n满分6分，其中1-2分为较差，3分一般，4-5分良好，6分为优秀。n准确性(correctness)语法正确句子结构正确固定搭配正确用词准确n丰富性(richness)词汇丰富句子形式多样n得体性(appropria

3、teness)语气恰当语言地道n流利度(fluency)完成规定词数(超出200过多扣1分。完成规定内容，字数少于170字扣1分。未完成任务的不仅扣字数分，也要从内容上扣分)3.写作规范写作规范(Mechanics)n满分2分，其中0.5分为较差，1分为一般，1.5为良好，2分优秀。n单词拼写正确n标点符号正确n大小写正确n书写美观n卷面整洁nTEM一4作文的体裁以议论文为主，由四个部分组成：标题(title)，介绍(introduction)，主体(body)结尾(conclusion)一般来说，TEM-4的命题作文的模式是“三段式”作文，即introduction（提出观点）-body（展

4、开论述）-conclusion（总结结论）。(一)介绍(introduction)n其中第一句的作用是用来说明整段文章的总义和介绍文章的主题，之后的一至两句则是用来表达考生的个人意见(论点)，最后一句通常用来带领进入主体部分。n文章好的开头会引人如胜，激发阅卷老师的阅读兴趣。一般说来，这一段落不宜太长，要写得简明扼要，主要可以采用以下三种方法：引用法、现象法和对立法。(二)主体(body)n主体部分段首通常有一个主题句(topic sentence)，用来表示该段的中心思想。下面是几个常用主题句句型：1It is believed that has the following advantag

5、es 2 is important in several ways 3 I side with this view for two reasons 4 benefits us in many waysn接下来的文章应包含二到三个要点，用以支持主题句。考生可以通过例证、引证、对比、因果论证及反证等方法逐步论述各个要点。阅卷老师在看文章时也许会通过某些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构严谨，条理清晰，因此要在每一个要点前加入表示顺序的词汇，如：(二)主体(body)n1）firstly,secondly,thirdly,finallyn2）in the first place,in the s

6、econd place,in the third place,lastlyn3）to begin with,then,furthermore,finallyn4）to start with,next,in addition,finallyn5）first and foremost,besides,last but not leastn6）most important of all,moreover,finallyn7）on one hand,on the other handn8）for one thing,for another thing(三)结尾(conclusion)n结尾部分的开始通

7、常会用一个特别结论句式，如：in general，to sum up，to conclude，all in all等等。n在200词的文章中，这一部分不宜篇幅过长，最好用一两句话来总结全文，使其前后呼应。除非只是一个次要观点，否则不要在这段内提出任何新见解，但如果题目要求的话，考生也可以在结论上提出相应的建议、推荐、介绍和解决方法。一些问题1、审题不清楚；2、结构不完整，比如，开头缺少铺垫，结尾缺少总结段；3、比例失调，最常见的是，第一段不够概括，篇幅过长；第二段过于简略；第三段继续阐述某些观点，或者开始新话题；4、主题句没有对段落进行明确的、适当的限定，结果段落内容不能紧扣主题；5、第一段没

8、有明确提出中心思想，赞成什么、反对什么，或对某个问题有什么看法，导致观点不鲜明，中心思想不突出。5种题型及模式框架种题型及模式框架n自由发挥型n立场选择型n给定明确观点型n问题解决型n比较对比型自由发挥型先提出一个话题，然后提供一些流行的观点，要求考生通过给定的材料做出自己的分析，提出自己的论点，然后进行阐述和论证。这种题目对论点不做限制，作者可以自由发挥，只要能证明自己，围绕话题即可。请看历年相关的考题：2005年：My Idea of a University Art Festival(针对学生会举办的大学艺术节的组织活动和内容提出自己的想法和建议)1993年：My Idea of Bec

9、oming a Teacher in the Future(我对自己将来当一名老师的想法)1992年：My View on Reading Extensively（就泛读发表自己的意见）My View on Reading Extensively Reading is important for us.For English majors,extensive reading is a very important way to improve their English.Actually,we get most of our knowledge from extensive reading.O

10、bviously,we can benefit a lot from reading widely.So,it is advisable to develop a habit of reading extensively.Extensive reading benefits us in many ways.First,by reading extensively,we can get knowledge about various areas such as culture,education,history,science and literature.For example,newspap

11、ers and magazines can keep us informed of current events.So it is easy for us to know what is going on in the world today.Secondly,extensive reading helps us improve our reading comprehension effectively.The more we read,the better we understand,and the faster our reading speed will be.What is more,

12、extensive reading is the best way to enlarge our vocabulary.Due to frequent contact with unfamiliar words,we find it easy to guess the meaning of them even without referring to the dictionary.We can often find context clues for new words.By and by,we can learn a lot of useful words.Besides,it will w

13、iden our outlook on life.这是一篇自由发挥阐述的命题式作文，不限定论点。要求作者就泛读发表自己的看法。作者可以根据给定的话题，提出论点，然后再展开论述。范文从自己作为一个英语专业学生的角度，提出泛读对我们很重要，它能给我们带来一些好处。文章提出了四点支持观点的理由，即小分论点。首先，提出泛读可以帮助我们获取知识，作者用例证进行解释；其次，提高阅读能力；第三，泛读可以扩大词汇量；最后，泛读可以帮助我们开阔视野。结尾明了，重申论点，并建议养成阅读的好习惯。Introduction1.-(引出话题)is very important in our life.In my opi

14、nion,-(提出论点).TEM-4 PracticeMy View on Cheating in Examsn专四一模 3月22日 下星期二晚上6点n专四二模 4月9日 上午9点半 二模作为基英、写作和听力的期中考试成绩 n带好鞋套 n学生座位看教室门口张贴表nlike or dislikencancel or reservenHow to improve?CCTV Spring Festival Galalikencustom/habit/tradition,large audiencenvisual/cultural feast,interesting programs,bring ha

15、ppiness nshow our traditional culture to the rest of the world npatriotismnoverseas Chinese can feel at home dislikenlack of creativity and freshness,boring/not attractivencost a lot of money and time waste nplanted advertisement/commercialized 广告植入nlip-synch 假唱 The Spring Festival Gala on CCTV has

16、long been a tradition for Chinese people to celebrate the New Year.It was very popular at the beginning,but now,some people suggest that it should be cancelled because many programs are outdated and boring.In my opinion,the Gala should continue to be held every year.Firstly,it still has a large audi

17、ence who prefer to spend their new years eve watching it.It has become a custom for them.Secondly,as it is broadcast throughout the world,it can be a good chance to show our traditional culture to the rest of the world.Thirdly,it is an important program for Chinese people living in other nations.By

18、watching the program,they can feel at home.In a word,the Spring Festival Gala is quite meaningful.It shouldnt be stopped,but be held on year by year.It has been a hot topic for a long time whether the CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled or not.Many people advocate that CCTV Spring Festival

19、 Gala offers a wonderful opportunity to celebrate this traditional festival,for the Chinese all over the world can share the same happiness and excitement brought by the TV program.In addition,many performances are very impressive,and some can even positively affect our life value.However,every coin

20、 has two sides.Some people hold that CCTV Spring Festival Gala should be cancelled.One of the most significant reasons may be that this form of celebration force people to spend the eve more passively.Whats more,a great proportion of the programs are not attractive enough.As to me,my favor goes to t

21、he former opinion,because spring CCTV Spring Festival Gala gives us another option to celebrate this important moment.But it is really essential to improve the quality of the programs.And I hope some better forms of celebration will be created in the near future.People throughout our country pay muc

22、h attention to the CCTV Spring Festival Gala annually.Then does the CCTV Spring Festival Gala really benefit our Chinese culture?Different people have different opinions on it.Personally,I think it is a good way to spread Chinese culture.Firstly,by watching the CCTV Spring Festival Gala,we can learn

23、 a lot about our traditional culture,which has played an important role in shaping peoples characters.Secondly,since more and more foreigners are learning Chinese,the gala offers a good platform to them to know more about China.So,unquestionably,the gala is a good way to make Chinese culture known.W

24、hats more,after enjoying the Gala,we find that many programs are a perfect combination of the essence of the traditional culture and the latest modern technology,which greatly presents the unique Chinese culture.In addition,the gala keeps us informed of sth that we dont know,in which case we may be

25、warned to attach much importance to it incase it dies out.In conclusion,with more and more people stimulated by the gala to learn more about Chinese culture,the CCTV Spring Festival Gala will surely promote the spread of Chinese culture.5种题型及模式框架种题型及模式框架n自由发挥型n立场选择型n给定明确观点型n问题解决型n比较对比型立场选择型立场选择型 这类题

26、目可称为这类题目可称为“For-AgainstFor-Against”，在提出话题后，通常从，在提出话题后，通常从相对的角度提出两种观点和立场，要求考生从中选出一个作相对的角度提出两种观点和立场，要求考生从中选出一个作为自己的立场，即二选一，然后论证其正确性。请看历年相为自己的立场，即二选一，然后论证其正确性。请看历年相关考题：关考题：n2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing 2004 Will Phones Kill Letter Writing 让考生对电话让考生对电话 是否完全取代书信来往发表看法是否完全取代书信来往发表看法n1999 A Major A

27、dvantage/Disadvantage of Advertising 1999 A Major Advantage/Disadvantage of Advertising on Television on Television 要求考生在电视广告的好处和坏处中选择一要求考生在电视广告的好处和坏处中选择一者，者，把问题说明把问题说明n1997 More Pressure from Academic Studies Does(or 1997 More Pressure from Academic Studies Does(or Does no)Good to Us Does no)Good t

28、o Us 要求考生就过多的学业压力是否对我要求考生就过多的学业压力是否对我们有利发表意见们有利发表意见n1994 TV1994 TV：a Good Thing or a Bad Thing a Good Thing or a Bad Thing 电视是有利还是电视是有利还是有害的？对此发表自己的观点和立场有害的？对此发表自己的观点和立场SamplenNowadays young people tend to phone more often than write to each other.So,some say that phones will kill letter writing.Wha

29、t is your opinion?Will Phones Kill Letter Writing Will Phones Kill Letter Writing Letter Writing Will Not Be Killed Nowadays,we have stepped into the Information Age.Young people choose to phone each other instead of writing letters.But even if so,I still maintain that phones will never kill letter

30、writing.First,letters can express your subtle feelings.With the increase of the living pace of modern society,we find that there is a lack of communication now.Sometimes when you are speaking to someone that you care and love on the phone,you are so shy that its too hard to express any of your feeli

31、ngs towards him or her.Your throat seems to be blocked!At this time,letters will help.Without any embarrassment,you can just write down your deep concern and love on a piece of paper.When you drop the letter into the pillar-box,you will feel what he or she will receive is not only a letter,but also

32、your deepest love.Secondly,letters can be kept as a record of memory,while phones cannot.Just imagine,when you open an old box of letters and read them years latter,a lot of beautiful and indelible memories will be brought back to you.What an irreplaceable feeling it is!And I believe,this feeling is

33、 something that you can definitely never experience through several phone calls.All in all,letter writing will absolutely survive and even thrive in the Information Age.Phones can never kill it,neither will anything.Nowadays,we have stepped into the Information Age.Young people choose to phone each

34、other instead of writing letters.But even if so,I still maintain that phones will never kill letter writing.All in all,letter writing will absolutely survive and even thrive in the Information Age.Phones can never kill it,neither will anything.Letter Writing Will Not Be Killed First,letters can expr

35、ess your subtle feelings.With the increase of the living pace of modern society,we find that there is a lack of communication now.Sometimes when you are speaking to someone that you care and love on the phone,you are so shy that its too hard to express any of your feelings towards him or her.Your th

36、roat seems to be blocked!At this time,letters will help.Without any embarrassment,you can just write down your deep concern and love on a piece of paper.When you drop the letter into the pillar-box,you will feel what he or she will receive is not only a letter,but also your deepest love.Secondly,let

37、ters can be kept as a record of memory,while phones cannot.Just imagine,when you open an old box of letters and read them years latter,a lot of beautiful and indelible memories will be brought back to you.What an irreplaceable feeling it is!And I believe,this feeling is something that you can defini

38、tely never experience through several phone calls.n这是一篇立场选择型的命题式作文，要求考生从二者中选出一种作为作文的论点，论证其正确性。n作者根据给定的话题，先引出话题-现在越来越多的人愿意通过电话进行交流。并指出正反两方面的立场-有人说电话将取代书信，有人说不会。作者清晰地阐明自己的立场-书信是不会被电话所取代的，然后通过两个分论点来证明：一是书信可以表达出细微的情感，二是信件可以记录人的记忆，而电话则不能。n考试中常见的错误是忽视了这类题目的要求和写法，考试中常见的错误是忽视了这类题目的要求和写法，这类题目要求二选一，这类题目要求二选一，

39、着重论述一方也就是作者自己着重论述一方也就是作者自己选定的立场论点选定的立场论点，不需要面面俱到不需要面面俱到地论述正反两方面地论述正反两方面的立场。的立场。英语写作中典型的病句实例英语写作中典型的病句实例1 disagreements 不一致n所谓不一致不仅指主谓不一致，还包括数的不一致、时态不一致及代词不一致等。例如：nWhen one have money,he can do what he want to.n剖析：one 是单数第三人称，因而本句的have 应改为has;want应改为wants.n改为：Once one has money,he can do what he want

40、s(to do).英语写作中典型的病句实例英语写作中典型的病句实例2 Sentence Fragments 句子不完整nThere are many ways to know the society.For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.n剖析：本句后半部分“For example by TV,radio,newspaper and so on.”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。n改为：There are many ways to know society,for example,by TV,radio,and news

41、paper.nThere are many interesting performances in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala.For example,cross talk,short sketch,Peking Opera and so on.n改为：There are many interesting performances in the CCTV Spring Festival Gala，for example,cross talk英语写作中典型的病句实例英语写作中典型的病句实例3 Dangling Modifiers 悬垂修饰语n所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首

42、的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。例如：At the age of ten,my grandfather died.n剖析：句子中“at the age of ten”只点出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时。n改为：When I was ten,my grandfather died.To do well in college,good grades are essential.n剖析：句子中不定式短语“to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚。n改为：To do well in college,a student needs good grades.3 Dangling

43、Modifiers 悬垂修饰语nAs the most important festival,people always have a lot of ways to celebrate the Spring Festival.n改为：As the most important festival,the Spring Festival can be celebrated in a lot of ways.英语写作中典型的病句实例英语写作中典型的病句实例4 Run-on Sentences 不间断句子nThere are many ways we get to know the outside w

44、orld.n剖析：这个句子包含两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.”以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起很不妥当。n改为：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world./There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.nThere are many people show no interest in the Gala.n改为

45、：There are many people that show no interest in the Gala.英语写作中典型的病句实例英语写作中典型的病句实例5 Redundancy 累赘n写作时避免多余的词和不必要的句子。例如：For the people who are diligent and kind,money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.n剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。n改为：Diligent,caring people use money only to buy what they need.n

46、It has been over a month since the Spring Festival ended.英语写作中典型的病句实例英语写作中典型的病句实例6 Incoherence 不连贯n句子前言不搭后语，或是结构上不畅通。例如：The fresh water,it is the most important things of the earth.n剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。n改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.nThe short

47、sketch performed by Zhao Benshan,it is always I expect most.n改为：The short sketch performed by Zhao Benshan is always what I expect most.英语写作中典型的病句实例英语写作中典型的病句实例7 Trouble in Diction 措词毛病nDiction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题。学生应养成良好的推敲斟酌的习惯，避免随心所欲，拿来就用。8 Misuse of Parts of Speech词性误用TEM-4 PracticenSome people prefer activities that mainly involve working with people.Others choose activities that mainly deal with objects or machines.Compare these types of activities.Which of them do you prefer?Write a composition of 200 words on this topic.nWork With People or With Machines?