新人教版英语必修四第一单元语法-课件.ppt
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1、主谓一致主谓一致Agreement主谓一致 句子的主语有单复数及人称的变化,其谓语动词需要根据主语的人称和数的不同而有所变化。即:谓谓语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。语动词与其主语在人称和数上必须保持一致。她的梦想已经实现了。Her dreams _ come true.Her dream _come true.从以上两个例句可以看出谓语动词随主语的数主语的数而变化。havehas 她(他)常常搭公车上学。She/He often goes to school by bus.他们常常搭公车上学。They often go to school by bus.主谓一致主谓一致 他(她)是老
2、师。He/She is a teacher.他们是老师。They are teachers.主谓一致 语法一致 意义一致 就近原则 随前原则语法一致语法一致(1)主语是and,bothand连接的并列结构 如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物,则谓语动词用复数。在中国的这个地方既种稻子又种小麦。Both rice and wheat _ grown in this part of China.(be)我妈妈和我已看过这部电影。My mother and I have seen the film.areThe gift is used to have western meals.What is
3、it?A knife and fork_ used to have meals.isThe singer and dancer _ on the stage.is注意:由and连接的并列主语前面分别有each,every,no修饰时,其谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl has to receive education in our country.在我国每一个男女孩子都得受教育。师生没有被邀请参加晚会。No student and no teacher _语法一致语法一致was invited to the party.语法一致语法一致(2)主语后面接说明主
4、语的修饰语说明主语的修饰语 主语后面接说明主语的修饰语如 with,along with,together with,as well as,like,rather than,but,except,besides,including,in addition to,谓语动词不受修饰成分的影响,仍保持同主语一致的关系。就远原则就远原则 那位老师和两个学生受邀参加了会议。The teacher with two students _.这个姑娘和男孩子一道,已经学会了开汽车。The girl as well as the boys _.was invited to the meeting has lea
5、rned to drive a carAll the people except the driver _to talk and laugh.A.was encouraged B.were encouraged C.was encouraging D.were encouraging一个有5000册书的图书馆作为礼物赠送给了国家。A library with five thousand books _(offer)to the nation as a gift.电邮和电话在日常的通信中起着很重要的作用。E-mail,as well as telephones,_ daily communica
6、tion.只有简知道这个秘密。Nobody but Jane _当Mary走进房间时,除了一个人外所有人都在聊天。All but one _ when Mary entered the room.is/was offeredplays an important part inknows the secret.were talking语法一致语法一致语法一致语法一致(3)非谓语动词或从句非谓语动词或从句作主语非谓语动词(动词的-ing形式、不定式)或从句作主语时,谓语一般用单数形式单数形式。我们这里需要的是资金。What we need here is money 什么时候在什么地方建新工厂还没
7、决定。When and where to build the new factory _.核实事实是非常重要的。Checking information_.has not been decided yet is very important语法一致语法一致学习英语不容易。Learning English is not easy.谁会来还不清楚。Who will come is not clear.语法一致语法一致(4)each和复合不定代词作主语 each和some/any/no/every十body/one/thing构成的复合不定代词anyone、anybody、anything、ever
8、yone、everybody、everything、someone、somebody、something、no one、nobody、nothing、each、the other作主语,谓语动词用单数单数。没有一个人知道这答案。有人想见你。箱子里有什么东西吗?他们每一个人在学校都表现良好。Each of them _.They each _.behaves well at schoolbehave well at schoolNobody knows the answer.Someone wants to see you.Is there anything in the box?语法一致语法一
9、致(5)“many a+单数名词”作主语 many a(很多)/more than one(不只一个)+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数单数形式。很多学生去过北京。Many students have been to Beijing.Many a student has been to Beijing.你的问题不只有一个答案。There is more than one answer to your question.不只一个顾客在这家店受到了不好的对待。More than one customer was treated badly at the store.语法一致语法一致(6)one
10、of+复数名词十定语从句”之前有the only,the very,the等限定词和修饰语时,定语从句定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。单数形式。他是这三年来唯一的一个获得奖学金的学生。He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years 汤姆是唯一的一个愿意帮助那个老人的男孩。Tom is the only one of those boys who is willing to help the old man.注意:如没有没有这些限定词和修饰语,定语从句的谓语动词采用复数形
11、式复数形式。汤姆是那些乐于助人的男孩之一。Tom is one of the boys who are willing to help others.语法一致语法一致(7)由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语 有些由两个部分组成的物体名称如glasses(眼镜),scissors(剪刀),shorts(短裤),shoes(鞋子),trousers(裤子)等作主语,其后谓语动词用复数形式复数形式。His glasses _ broken yesterday,so he cant see well.(be)His trousers _ made of cotton.(be)注意:若这类名词前带有pair
12、等表示单位的名词等表示单位的名词时,则以这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。两条裤子不见了。Two pairs of trousers _ missing.这双鞋上星期卖出去了。This pair of shoes was sold out last week.wereareareExercises 1.Reading English papers and magazines _helpful to our study of English.(is/are)2.Whether he comes or not _ of no matter.(is/are)3.To say _ one thin
13、g;to do _another.(is/are)4.Listening,speaking,reading and writing _four skills for English study.(is/are)5.Where to find the plant and what to do with it _still the problems to settle.(is/are)isisisisareare二、意义一致。二、意义一致。集体名词作主语,谓语动词可用单数,集体名词作主语,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数,主要由句子的意思决定。也可用复数,主要由句子的意思决定。强调强调整体整体时用时用
14、单数单数,强调强调整体中的个体整体中的个体 的用的用复数复数。这类名词有这类名词有audience,team,people,family,class,police,crowd,team,government等。等。His family is going out.他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family are all music lovers.他们全家都是音乐爱好者。他们全家都是音乐爱好者。The group _ made up of nine students.The group_ dancing happily.is isareareThe team The team _ so
15、me good players.(have)some good players.(have)The team _ handsome.(be)The team _ handsome.(be)hashasareare 1.由集体名词由集体名词,如如group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew等作主语时等作主语时,如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数单数形式形式,如果看成其中各成员,则用如果看成其中各成员,则用复数复数形式形式.His family isis ver
16、y large.他家是一个大家庭。他家是一个大家庭。His family areare music lovers.他的家人都是音乐爱好者。他的家人都是音乐爱好者。意义一致:意义一致:Choose the correct verb form to complete the following sentences.1.The research group (is,are)made up of five people.2.What (do,does)the group want for their lunch?3.Our family (is,are)not poor any more.4.He h
17、as to worry.His family (is,are)waiting for him.5.The class (is,are)more than forty in number.isdoisareis6.The class (have,has)disagreed among themselves about where they should go and have a picnic.7.The government (has,have)spent more than two million yuan in planting trees.8.The city government (h
18、as,have)different opinions about next years plan.havehashave注意:但注意:但集体名词为集体名词为 people,police,cattle等在多数情况下等在多数情况下谓语谓语动词动词都用复数形式。都用复数形式。9.The police_(is,are)searching for the thief.are表示表示一类人一类人的的“the+形容词形容词(分词分词)”作主语时,谓语动词用作主语时,谓语动词用复数复数。The sick in the accident have been taken to the hospital.The l
19、ost have been found.表示表示时间、金钱、距离、度量时间、金钱、距离、度量等名词作主等名词作主语时,语时,不管单复数形式,其谓语动词用不管单复数形式,其谓语动词用单数。单数。如:如:Thirty years is not a long time.30年的时间并不长。年的时间并不长。Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。三、三、就近就近原则原则如果连词如果连词or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut等连
20、接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,等连接的并列主语,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如:一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如:不是你疯了就是我疯了。不是你疯了就是我疯了。Either you or I am mad.Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.Not only the teacher but also the students enjoy listening to the music.在表存在的在表存在的there be 句式句式中,主语是两中,主语是
21、两个或多个并列名词(短语),个或多个并列名词(短语),be的形的形式与式与最近最近的一个名词(短语)保持一的一个名词(短语)保持一致。致。There is a pen,two pencils and several books on the desk.=There are two pencils,a pen and several books on the desk.=There are several books,a pen and two pencils on the desk.由由here,there等引导的倒装句中,若主等引导的倒装句中,若主语不止一个时,谓语动词与语不止一个时,谓语动
22、词与最近最近的主的主语保持一致。如:语保持一致。如:Here comes the bus.Here is a pen and two books for you.二、谓语用单数的情况1.单数可数n,不可数n2.非谓语动词(doing,to do,done)3.主语从句4.不定代词(some-,any-,no-,every-)5.有every,each,more than one修饰的主语注意:有些主语为复数,但谓语用单数的情况:6.国家,人名,书名 .eg.The United States7.时间,金钱,距离 eg.two hours,ten miles8.s结尾的学科 eg.physics
23、,maths Multiple choice:There _ a lot of milk in the bottle.A.are B.is C.were D.has Zhangs family _ rather big,with twelve people in all.A.is B.are C.being D.wasNobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is knownAll but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were常听见这样的感叹:要是当初2018
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