初中非谓语动词讲解(潍坊专版-共35张)课件.ppt
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1、 非谓语非谓语动词动词l通过阅读非谓语动词的概念和结构,能够对非谓语动词有系统的认识。l通过识别例句,背诵句型,常用单词和词组,能够基本正确使用不定式,动名词和分词。l通过大量练习,巩固非谓语动词,对易混淆的内容有清晰的认识。学习目标定义定义 在一个简单句(非并列句或主从复合句)中有且只能有一个动词作谓语,这个动词叫谓语动词;在这个简单句中出现的其他动词,都不能作谓语,只能用非谓语动词。He is the man swimming in the river just now.We find it difficult to solve this problem in a short time.谓
2、语谓语 非谓语动词非谓语动词 系动词系动词 非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词动名词动名词Ving分词分词现在分词现在分词Ving过去分词过去分词动词不定式动词不定式 to dosummaryhomework动词不定式的构成构成:to动词原形动词原形(有时(有时to 省略)省略)。否定形式:not+(to)do作用作用:动词不定式可以在句子中充当除了谓语之外除了谓语之外的所有成分(主谓宾表定状补)考点一 动词不定式 1作主语作主语:To learn English well is important.To take an umbrella with you in Britain is very w
3、ise.常用常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语作形式主语,而将真正的主语(动词不定式动词不定式)置于句末置于句末:It is+adj+to do sth.如:To ask the teacher for help is necessary.It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.向老师寻求帮助是必要的。To learn English well is important.=_To take an umbrella with you in Britain is very wise.=_It is important to learn English
4、 well.It is very wise to take an umbrella with you in Britain.3个常用句型结构:句型句型1:It is adj.for/of sb.to do sth.对某人来说做某事怎么样对某人来说做某事怎么样It is+adj+for sb to do sthIt is+adj+of sb to do sth(形容词(形容词是形容人的品质的是形容人的品质的)(形容词(形容词是形容事物的性质的是形容事物的性质的)如如:(1)It is easy for me to finish this work before ten._ (2)对中国人来说,春
5、节回家很重要。对中国人来说,春节回家很重要。_(3)It is very kind of you _(give)me some help.(4)Its impolite of him _(speak)to the teacher like that.to give to speak It is important for Chinese to go home during Spring Festival.对我来说,十点前完成这份工作很简单。It takes us an hour _(get)there by bus.每日他都要花一个小时来锻炼身体。_句型句型2:It+谓语谓语+to do:It
6、 takes/took sb+时间时间+to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间做某事花费某人多长时间to get It takes him one hour to do exercise every day.句型句型3:Its+n.+to do 做某事是做某事是Its our duty _(help)the poor.It is a great enjoyment _(spend)our holiday in the mountains.很遗憾错过了比赛。_to help to spend Its a pity to miss the match.1.Is it necessary _(l
7、earn)a foreign language?2.It is a great honor _(talk)with you face to face.3.对他来说,保持房间整洁很困难。_4.到那里花了我们一整天的时间。_5.他很聪明能够解决这个难题。_to learn to talk Its difficult for him to keep the room clean and tidy.It took us a whole day to get there.It is very clever of him to solve this difficult problem.2作宾语作宾语牢记牢
8、记2个结构:个结构:后接不定式作宾语的动词后接不定式作宾语的动词有结构结构1:主语:主语+_(动词动词)+to do sth.ask要求 wish希望offer提供decide决定 help帮助 learn学会 agree 同意refuse拒绝 hope希望 want想要expect 期望 promise答应plan计划 afford承担起 prepare准备 manage成功 arrange安排 help 帮助等等简单快乐记忆口诀:决定想要做计划,被人拒简单快乐记忆口诀:决定想要做计划,被人拒绝不帮忙。绝不帮忙。1.They wanted _(get)on the bus,didnt the
9、y?2.He said he wished _(be)a professor.3.I agreed_(go)there with the doctor.4.The boy is looking forward to _(have)a good time after the exam.5.He had promised _(give)me a hand.6.I hope _(get)there before dark.7.My daughter preferred _(dance)when she was in her twenties.to getto beto gohavingto give
10、to getto dance在think,find,make等动词后通常用it作形式宾语作形式宾语,而将不定式移至形容词之后,构成“主语动词it(形式宾语)宾补(形容词/名词)不定式”结构。如:I found it difficult to solve the problem.结构结构2:主语:主语+think/find/make+it(形式宾语形式宾语)宾补宾补(形容词形容词/名词名词)to do 形式形式宾宾语语 真正的真正的宾宾语语1.He found it not easy _(do)it well.2.His invention made it easy_(get)the infor
11、mation.3.我们发现每天大声拼读单词是个好主意。_We find it a good idea to spell and pronounce words loudly every day.to doto get3作宾语补足语作宾语补足语(1)后面能接带to的不定式作宾补的动词有 tell,ask,allow,want,help,wish,teach,warn,invite,would like,encourage等。如:The teacher told us _(do)Exercise 1.The man warned the children _(not play)football i
12、n the street.(2)使役动词let,make,have和感官动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find等后用动词不定式作宾补时要省略要省略to。主语主语+_(动词动词)+sb.+(not)to do sth.口诀记忆法:一感(feel)二听(hear,listen to)三让(let,make,have)四看(see,watch,notice,look at)半帮助(help)not to play to do 1.I often hear her _(sing)in the classroom.2.A policeman saw two thieves _
13、(steal偷)a girls mobile phone on a bus。3.That made me _(feel)very happy.4.My healthy lifestyle helps me _(get)good grades.singstealfeel(to)get注意:注意:当上述动词变被动语态被动语态时,其后的不定式必须补上补上to。如:We often hear her sing.我们经常听见她唱歌。被动语态:She is often heard to sing.1.My teacher encourages me _(read)English every day.2.L
14、ucy invited me _(attend)her birthday party.3.My mother allows me _(not go)to bed on time on weekend.4.Big Tom often makes us _(lend)him money to him.5.He is often seen _(play)basketball on the playground.to read to attend to play not to go lend 4作状语常见的状语有目的状语目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。如:Mr Lee will go to Hangz
15、hou to visit the West Lake.The doctor did what he could to save the girl.5作定语动词不定式作定语时,放在被修饰的名词的后面,作后作后置定语。置定语。如:I dont have a partner to practice English with.Get him something to eat.给他弄点吃的东西。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支写字的笔。6作表语Their duty is _ the animals.他们的职责是照看动物。to look after7.“特殊疑问词不定式”结
16、构动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,when,where,how等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。如:He doesnt know what _(wear).He taught us how _(use)the tool.No one could tell me where _(get)the book.to wear特殊特殊疑问词疑问词to doto use to get 1.The policeman told the boys not _(play)in the street.2.Her son is too young _(dress)himse
17、lf.3.Why not let him _(go)home4._(be)honest,I just dont like him.5.They were made _(work)fourteen hours a day.6.“Do you have any clothes _(wash)?”asked the maid.7.Dont let those who are not old enough _(enter)the video game arcade.8.I really dont know what_(do)next.9.Can you finish _(read)the book i
18、n three days?10.I often hear people _(say)“_(see)is _(believe)”.11.His wish was _(become)a doctor.12.They said they had nothing _(worry)about.to playto dresstell sb(not)to do sthtoo+形容词/副词+to do sthgoLet/make/have(三让)sb do sthTo beto workto washto enterto doreading sayTo seeto believeto becometo wor
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