中考主谓一致1课件.ppt

1、中考总复习中考总复习 主谓一致主谓一致概念概念 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。数上保持一致。主谓一致三原则主谓一致三原则1.语法一致原则：语法一致原则：指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系。主语为单数形式语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式谓语动词用单数形式;反之反之,谓语动谓语动词用复数形式词用复数形式.Tom is a good student.They often play football on the playground.His father working on the farm.The ch

2、ildren in the classroom two hours ago.iswere2.意义一致原则意义一致原则：指谓语动词的单指谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达复数要取决于主语所表达的概念的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记而不取决于表面上的语法标记.指主语形指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，数形式；或主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now.Twenty dollars is too

3、 expensive for the book.3.就近一致原则：就近一致原则：指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致一致.Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.There is a pen and some books on the desk.提提 示：示：一般说来一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则究竟何时采用何种原则,应视应视英语习惯用法而定英语习惯用法而定.但在实际使用中但在实际

4、使用中,如如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法.【2011黑龙江齐齐哈尔】()23.This is my twin sister,Lucy.Not only she but also I good at drawing.A.is B.am C.are【2011乌鲁木齐】32._ Lily _ Lucy is going with you because one of them must slay at home.A.Not only；but also B.Neither;nor C.Both;and

5、 D.Either;or【2011河北省】There lots of people at the restaurant when I got there.A.is B.was C.are D.were【2008河北省】There _ a lot of rain in this area in August every year.A.is B.was C.are D.were【2007河北省】There _ a talk show on CCTV-4 at nine this evening.A.is B.was C.are D.were1.单数名词，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词

6、作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms.Some water is in the bottle.The students are playing football on the playground.名词作主语名词作主语2.某些集体名词，如某些集体名词，如family,team,club,class，public，group等作主语时，如果作为一个等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。His family is a happy one.Th

7、e whole family are watching TV.3.某些集体名词，如某些集体名词，如people,police,clothes等，等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。The police are searching for the thief.4.单、复数同形的名词如单、复数同形的名词如 sheep,deer,fish,Chinese,Japanese 主语时，谓主语时，谓 语动词应根据意语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there.Some sheep are over there.5.名词所有格之

8、后的名词被省略，这种情况名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。词一般用单数。The doctors is across the street.My uncles is not far from here.常见的省略名词有：常见的省略名词有：the bakers（面包房）（面包房）,the barbers（理发店）（理发店）,the Zhangs（张家）等。（张家）等。注注:the 姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人姓氏名词的复数形式则表示一家人。The Greens are having breakfast

9、 now.6.表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通表示成双成套的名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，例如：常用复数形式，例如：glasses,shoes,chopsticks,pants等。等。The pants are mine.My glasses are on the table.但如果主语用但如果主语用“a kind of,a pair of,a series of等加名词等加名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was under the desk.Two pairs of shoes were under the

10、desk.His trousers _ too long.His trousers _ too long.A pair of glasses_ on the desk.A pair of glasses_ on the desk.areis 7当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，当表示国家，城市，人名，书名，报纸，杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作杂志，及组织机构等的专有名词做主语时，作为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。为整体，谓语动词用单数形式。The United States lies in North America.8news，maths，physics，politics等词等词貌似

11、复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数貌似复数，实为单数，其谓语动词用单数.No news is good news.Maths is very popular in our class 1.用用and或或bothand连接并列主语，谓语动词通连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。常用复数形式。2.当主语后面跟有当主语后面跟有as well as,along with,with,like,together with,but,except,besides,including,等引等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由前面的主语而定。语而定。(1)The tea

12、cher as well as the students was reading in the library.(2)The women with two children is my aunt(3)Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 连接词连接的名词作主语连接词连接的名词作主语【2011湖北黄石湖北黄石】The head teacher with his students _Teanchengshan Park if it _tomorrow.A.is going to;isnt rainy B.are going to;isnt ra

13、inyC.is going to;wont rain D.are going to;doesnt rain(4)The students,including their teacher,are going to the brave man.(5)Nobody except Mr.Li and Mrs.Li likes soprts.(6)Mr.Li besides his sons likes sports.3以以 eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut等连接的名词（代词）等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致作主语时，谓语

14、动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。的原则。Either you or he is to go.Not one but all of us are hoping to be there.4.There be 结构，依据就近一致原则结构，依据就近一致原则There is a book,two pens on the desk.There are two pens,a book in the desk.代词作主语代词作主语1名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。是复数

15、。Ours(Our Party)is a great party.Your shoes are black,and mine(=my shoes)are brown.2.关系代词关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Those who want to go please put up your hands.Some of the energy that is used by man comes from the sun.3.疑问代词作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：疑问代词

16、作主语时，其谓语动词也有两种情况：主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数；主语表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。单数意义，则谓语动词用单数。Who is your brother?Who are League members?He is one of my friends who _(work)hard everyday.There are many books which _(be)prepared for the children.Which _ your bag?Which _ your bags?worksareareis (1)Here are tw

17、o novels.One is written in English.The other is in Chinese.(2)Is everyone here today.(3)Something is wrong with him.(4)None of them has seen the film.4.不定代词不定代词somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing,either,neither,each,the other,another作主语，谓语作

18、主语，谓语动词用单数。动词用单数。【2011湖北黄冈】42.Which would you like,tea or coffee?Either _ OK,but I prefer coffee _milk.A.is;with B.is;to C.are;with D.are;to(5)Either of the boys is ready.(6)Neither of these words is correct.(7)Each of the pens costs three dollars.(8)Nobody was in.分数和量词作主语分数和量词作主语1由由“a lot of,lots o

19、f，plenty of,all of,most of,some of,half of,(a)part of,rest of”构成的短语作构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的后面的名词的数保持一致数保持一致.(1)Lots of damage was caused by fire.Lots of students are waiting outside.There _ a lot of people in the classroom.There _ a lot of water in the bottle.The rest of the lectu

20、re _wonderful.areisis(2)All of the food is ready.All of the workers are working.(3)Part of the work has been done by us.Part of the students have gone.2表示数量的表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。数形式。One and a half bananas is left on the table.3 表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额

21、、书名，表示时间，价格，度量、距离、金额、书名，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。式。(1)Two months is a long holiday.(2)Twenty pounds isnt so heavy.(3)Ten miles isnt a long distance.(4)Five minus four is one.(5)The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.4分数分数(百

22、分数百分数)+of+名词名词做主语时，谓语动做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于词的单复数取决于of后面的名词的数。后面的名词的数。Ten percent of the apples were bad.【2011四川德阳】8.Physics _ more difficult than Chinese,do you think so?-Yes,I think so.A.is B.are C.has【2009 河北】The news _ very interesting!Tell me more!A.is B.are C.were D.was注意三：形式上为复数，实际为单数。注意三：形式上为复数，实际

23、为单数。注意注意:population 一词，用作整体时，谓语动一词，用作整体时，谓语动词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用词用单数，用其部分做主语时，谓语动词形式用复数。复数。The population of China is 13.6 billion and 70%of the population are peasants 5a number of后面加复数名词或代词，其动后面加复数名词或代词，其动词用复数形式；但词用复数形式；但the number of后面加复数名词后面加复数名词或代词时，其谓语用单数。或代词时，其谓语用单数。The number of the teacher

24、s in No.2 Middle School is over 100.a number of them are young.6.在倒装句中在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。致。There the bus.(come)On the wall many esare 如果主语由如果主语由“the+形容词形容词”结构担任表示一结构担任表示一类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：类人或物时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有：the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the deaf an

25、d dumb.The rich often help the poor.名词化的形容词作主语名词化的形容词作主语 1由由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。词一般用复数形式。What we need is more time.What we need are doctors.2动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。词用单数形式。To see is to believeDoing eye exercises is goo

26、d for your eyes.从句，动词不定式，动名词作主语从句，动词不定式，动名词作主语 2.在定语从句中主语是关系代词在定语从句中主语是关系代词who,that,which,谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。注意注意:在在“one of+复数名词复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句中引导的定语从句中,从句谓语的单复数取决从句谓语的单复数取决 于于one前是否有前是否有the(only)、the very.如果有，从句的谓如果有，从句的谓语动词用单数，如没有语动词用单数，如没有the only，就用复数形式。就用复数形式。(1)This is

27、 one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.(2)He was the only one of the students who was late for school.1.Each of the students _ a dictionary.A.have B.is C.are D.has 2.How time flies!Ten years _ passed.A.have B.has C.is D.are 3.Not only his parents but also his brother _to theSumm

28、er Palace.They havent been back.A.have been B.have gone C.has been D.has goneDBB 4.Look!There _ playing with the tourists on Dahe Square A.are a number of deer B.are a number of deers C.is a number of deer D.is a number of deersA5.The Smiths _ sending e-mails _letters.because it is faster.A.prefer,to writing B.prefer，to writeC.prefers，to writing D.prefers，to write6：Everyone except Bill and Jim _there when the meeting began.A.was B.is C.are D.wereAA