科技英语的概念及特点课件.ppt

1、最早称为1.学术用英语（学术用英语（EAP）主要应用于以交流学术语言的学术场合，使用者多是在英国美国或说英语国家的留学人员、研究人员或访问学者，他们或听英语讲座，或参加英语课程培训。Eg1.Different topics will require the use of different information sources,but there are a number of reference tools that every student should be able to use with ease.2.职业英语（职业英语（EOP）3.科技英语（科技英语（EST）English f

2、or Academic Purposes最早称为1.学术用英语（学术用英语（EAP）是职业人员如国际接线员、国际机场管理者、国际贸易商人、旅游服务人员等等，在工作中必须具备的一项技能。Eg2.A wide variety of accommodation is available to the modern tourist.It varies from the guest house or tourist home with one or two rooms to grand luxury hotels with hundreds of rooms.A feature of Europe is

3、 the pension,a small establishment with perhaps ten to twenty guest rooms.2.职业英语（职业英语（EOP）English for Occupational PurposesEg3.膳宿公寓膳宿公寓最早称为1.学术用英语（学术用英语（EAP）3.科技英语（科技英语（EST）English for Science and Technology2.职业英语（职业英语（EOP）Eg4.1.一般结构一般结构（1）标题）标题 Title（2）目录）目录 Contents（3）摘要）摘要 Abstract （含（含Key words)

4、（5）正文）正文 Body（4）引言）引言 Introduction,Preface（6）结论与建议）结论与建议 Results,Conclusions,Suggestions（7）总结）总结 Summary（8）致谢）致谢 Acknowledgement（9）注释）注释 Notes（10）参考文献）参考文献 References（11）附录）附录 Appendix2.语言特征语言特征（1）标题）标题 Title科技文章的标题往往是文章的中心主旨，文章的标题反科技文章的标题往往是文章的中心主旨，文章的标题反映了作者所研究的主要内容或作者所描述的科学真理和映了作者所研究的主要内容或作者所描述的科

5、学真理和事实，或作者要说明的科学实验过程和产品使用说明等。事实，或作者要说明的科学实验过程和产品使用说明等。语语言言特特征征关于关于的研究、探讨、分析、描述、说明等：的研究、探讨、分析、描述、说明等：Research/study/probeonIntroduction/brief introduction toInvestigation/survey/analysis/description of说明一个科学真理和事实、实验过程、产品说明说明一个科学真理和事实、实验过程、产品说明 等，一般采用名词性词组、现在分词的形式等，一般采用名词性词组、现在分词的形式 The Miracle Chip,M

6、achine Tools2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句语语言言特特征征主题句主题句The purpose of the paper isThe primary goal of this research isThe overall objective of this study isIn this paper,we aim atThe chief aim

7、of the present work is to investigate the facts thatThe main objective of our study has been to obtain some resultsThe emphasis of the research lies inThe author intends to build a model/a framework ofExperiment on is made in order to measure the amount of2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、

8、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句语语言言特特征征支持句支持句The method used in our study is known asThe technique we applied is referred to asThe procedure they followed can be briefly described asThe approach adopted extensively is calledDetailed inform

9、ation has been acquired by the authors usingThe research has recorded valuable data using the newly-developed method.This is a working theory which is based on the idea thatThe fundamental feature of this theory is as follows,2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结

10、论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句语语言言特特征征The theory is characterized byThe experiment consisted of three steps,which are described inThe test equipment that was used consisted ofIncluded in the experiment wereThey undertook many experiments to support the hypothesis whic

11、hRecent experiments in this area suggested thatA number of experiments were performed to checkExamples with actual experiment demonstrateSpecial mention is given here to支持句支持句2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句部分组成：

12、主题句、支持句和结论句语语言言特特征征In conclusion,we state thatIn summing up it may be stated thatIt is concluded thatThe results of the experiment indicate thatThe studies we have performed showed thatWe carried out several studies that have demonstrated thatThe research we have done suggests thatThe investigation

13、carried out byhas revealed thatAll our preliminary results throw light on the nature of结论句结论句2.语言特征语言特征（2）摘要）摘要 Abstractl反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等反映科技文献主要内容、思想方法、重要观点和结论等l一般长度为一般长度为150200wordsl多由多由3部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句部分组成：主题句、支持句和结论句语语言言特特征征As a result of our experiments,we concluded thatFrom our experi

14、ment,the authors came to realize thatThis fruitful work gives explanation of The research work has brought about a discovery ofThese findings of the research have led the author to the conclusion thatThe data obtained appear to be very similar to those reported earlier byThe author has satisfactoril

15、y come to the conclusion thatFinally,a summary is given of结论句结论句2.语言特征语言特征（3）引言）引言Introduction,Preface对全文的综述和概述，包括研究的背景及目的意义，向对全文的综述和概述，包括研究的背景及目的意义，向读者介绍文章的思想和内容，常用句型如下：读者介绍文章的思想和内容，常用句型如下：Over the past several decadesSomebody reportedThe previous work on has indicated thatRecent experiments by hav

16、e suggestedSeveral researchers have theoretically investigatedIn most studies of has been emphasized with attention being given toIndustrial use of is becoming increasingly common.There have been a few studies highlightingIt is well known that2.语言特征语言特征（4）正文）正文 body正文是科技文章的主体，是科学分析和实验论证的过程正文是科技文章的主体

17、，是科学分析和实验论证的过程反映，经常使用各种图表、公式论证作者的观点。反映，经常使用各种图表、公式论证作者的观点。表：表：Table;图：图：Figure/Diagram/Graph/view/Flow Diagram/Chart/Frame Figure；公式、算式、方程式：公式、算式、方程式：Formula/Equation;如图如图A所示，如表所示，如表B所示：所示：As it is shown in Fig.A,as it is shown in Table B.2.语言特征语言特征（5）结论）结论 conclusion是对全文的总结，经过科学的分析、研究而得出的结论。是对全文的总结

18、，经过科学的分析、研究而得出的结论。The following conclusions can be drawn fromIt can be concluded thatWe may conclude thatWe come to the conclusion thatIt is generally accepted(believed,held,acknowledged)thatWe think(consider,believe,feel)thatIt is advantageous to doIt should be realized(emphasized,stressed,noted,po

19、inted out)thatIt is suggested(proposed,recommended,desirable)thatIt would be better(helpful,advisable)that语语言言特特征征2.语言特征语言特征（6）致谢）致谢 Acknowledgement 致谢时作者在完成论文之后，为了表达对曾经帮助自己致谢时作者在完成论文之后，为了表达对曾经帮助自己的人的感谢的人的感谢。I am thankful to sb.for sth.I am grateful to sb.for sth.I am deeply indebted to sb.for sth.I

20、 would like to thank sb.for sth.Thanks are due to sb.for sth.The author wishes to express his sincere appreciation to sb.for sth.语语言言特特征征（7）参考文献）参考文献 References论文最后应将参考过的主要文献一一列出，表示对别人论文最后应将参考过的主要文献一一列出，表示对别人成果的尊重及作者的写作依据。成果的尊重及作者的写作依据。DrillsDrills最新技术最新技术指代指代超前设计思想超前设计思想机电一体化技术机电一体化技术跨学科的、多领域的跨学科的、

21、多领域的杜撰，生造杜撰，生造学科学科目的状语目的状语产生了产生了边缘学科边缘学科包含包含电子电气工程师协会电子电气工程师协会合理，正式合理，正式学术界学术界随着随着的出版的出版美国机械工程师协会美国机械工程师协会学报学报协作的、合作的协作的、合作的综合综合includeCBDDCCDBBA机电一体化是一门由机械学、电子学、信息技术多学科融合的科学（不是机电一体化是一门由机械学、电子学、信息技术多学科融合的科学（不是简单融合），目标是使工程师完成产品开发，这就是为什么机电一体化技简单融合），目标是使工程师完成产品开发，这就是为什么机电一体化技术目前在工业上非常流行的原因术目前在工业上非常流行的原

22、因在在20世纪世纪80年代中，机电一体化产生了工程学，它是由机械学和电子学组年代中，机电一体化产生了工程学，它是由机械学和电子学组成边缘科学。成边缘科学。例如，由机械系统和电子系统产生的许多早期机器人已经成为机电一体化例如，由机械系统和电子系统产生的许多早期机器人已经成为机电一体化的核心。的核心。mechatronicselectronicsmechanicsintelligent controlroboticsinformation technologyscientific termMechatronics is the interdisciplinary of mechanics,elec

23、tronics and information technology.Robot is the evolutional outcome of mechatronics,which includes mechanics,electronics and Intelligent Control technology,etc.Mechatronics has been applying widely to auto industry,mechanical industry and national defense industry.Tody,mechatronics has become the ke

24、y technology of developing robots.Eg3.Shock AbsorbersThe function of the shock absorber is to damp down the bouncing of the wheel after it has hit a hump,and also to damp down the oscillations of the springs.There are many type of shock absorbers,most of which work on the hydraulic principle.They co

25、nsist of a cylinder filled with a hydraulic fluid which is transferred from one part of the cylinder to the other through a controlled orifice by the action of a piston connected to the axle.In this way the vertical motion of the wheel or axle is rapidly damped out.Eg3.Shock AbsorbersThe function of

26、 the shock absorber is to damp down the bouncing of the wheel after it has hit a hump,and also to damp down the oscillations of the springs.There are many type of shock absorbers,most of which work on the hydraulic principle.They consist of a cylinder filled with a hydraulic fluid which is transferr

27、ed from one part of the cylinder to the other through a controlled orifice by the action of a piston connected to the axle.In this way the vertical motion of the wheel or axle is rapidly damped out.减振器减振器节流孔节流孔液压缸液压缸A段段B段段以普通语言形式描述实验步骤以普通语言形式描述实验步骤有科技文风有科技文风主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态简单句简单句用用Then连接，表明实验顺序连接，表明实验顺序使用时间状语从句或介词短使用时间状语从句或介词短语更清晰地表明时间顺序。语更清晰地表明时间顺序。使用普通词汇使用普通词汇使用专业词汇使用专业词汇语态语态句型句型措辞措辞A段段B段段