英语句子成分解释主谓宾定状补同位插入语课件.ppt

1、.句子成分句子成分?一）句子成分的定义：一）句子成分的定义：?构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。?句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；?主要成分有主语和谓语；?次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。.句子成分?一）句子成分的定义：?构成句子的各个部分叫做句子.句子成分详解表句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什么人或什么事名，代，数，不定式，动名词，短语或句子We study in HuangQiao MiddleSchool.谓语说明主语做什么，是什么或怎么样动词或动词词组She is dancing under the tree.宾语表示动作行为的对象同主语

2、Both of us like English.表语与联系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质或特征同主语Her father is a chemist.His words sound reasonable.定语用来修饰名词或代词形，代，数，名,副，介词短语或句子We have eight lessons every day.状语修饰动词，形容词，副词，表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等副词，介词短语或句子He works very hard.They held a party in Hollywood.宾语补足语逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系形容词，名词，介词短语等She alwa

3、ys keeps the house clean.主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！.句子成分详解表句子成分意义充当词类例句主语表示句子说的是什.二）主语：二）主语：?主语(Subject)表示句子说的是什么人或什么事.是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be 结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：.二）主语：?主语(S u b j e c t)表示句子说的是什么人或什.1.During the 1990s,American

4、country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.（名词）（代词）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）.1.D u r i n g t h e 1 9 9

5、0 s,A me r i c a n .7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）.7.Wh e n w e a r e g o i n g t o h a v e a.（三）谓语?谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：?1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practi

6、ces running every morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.（三）谓语?谓语(P r e d i c a t e)说明主语所做的动作.（三）谓语?2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.（2）由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构成。如：Do you speak English？They are working in a field.He has caught a bad cold.（3）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.注意：谓语

7、与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。.（三）谓语?2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。.（四）表语（四）表语?表语(Predicative)?用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem 等）之后。?表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：.（四）表语?表语(P r e d i c a t i v e)?用以说明主语的.1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）3.The w

8、eather has turned cold.（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）.1.O u r t e a c h e r o f E n g l i s h i s a.6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）8.The meeting is of great importance.（介词短语）9.Time is up.The class is over.（副词）10.The t

9、ruth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）.6.H i s j o b i s t o t e a c h E n g l i s h.注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher.2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：He always kept silent at meeting.3）表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有see

10、m,appear,look,例如：He seems(to be)very sad.注意：系动词（L i n k i n g v e r b)用于连接主语和表语.注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。4）感官系动词主要有feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.5）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：The river was beginning to rundry.6）终止系动词

11、表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out,表达 结果是;证明是，之意，例如：The rumor proved false.His plan turned out a success.注意：系动词（L i n k i n g v e r b)用于连接主语和表语.（五）宾语?宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you

12、have?I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词、数词）.（五）宾语?宾语（O b j e c t）表示动作的对象或承爱者，一.4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）.4.T h e y h e l p e d t h e o l d w i

13、 t h t h.?宾语种类：?（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.To:write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw等，例如：He sent the novel to William yesterday.For:leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save等，例如：She bought a gift for her mother.?（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：?T

14、hey elected him their monitor.?宾语种类：?（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：L.?下列动词只能接不定式做宾语ask,agree,care,choose,demand,dare,decide,expect,fail,help,hope,learn,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,desire 等，如：He refused to lend me his bike.?下列动词只能接不定式做宾语a s k,a g r e e,c a r.?下列动词只能接动名词做宾语admit,

15、avoid,advise,consider,enjoy,excuse,escape,finish,imagine,mind,practise,suggest等，如：John has admitted breaking the window.?下列动词只能接动名词做宾语a d mi t,a v o i d,a.?下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如mean,try,remember,forget,regret 等。?forget to do 表示“未发生的动作”，forget doing 表示“已完成的动作”。如：?Dont forget to come here earli

16、er tomorrow.(还没来)?I forgot returning the book to him.?(书已还给他了)?.?下列动词既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同，如.（六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语?宾语补足语（Object Complement），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。“宾补”一般可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如：.（六）宾语补足语?宾语补足语（O b j e c t C o

17、mp l e m.1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词）（

18、介词短语）（从句）.1.H i s f a t h e r n a me d h i m X i a o mi.（七）定语（七）定语?修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。?定语可由以下等成分表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）2.China is a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词）3.There are thirty women teachers in our school.（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made

19、 us surprised.（代词）.（七）定语?修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(A t t.5.Our monitor is always the firstto enter the classroom.（不定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class.(定语从句).5.O u r mo n i

20、t o r i s a l w a y s t h e f.（八）状语?修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词短语）（不定式短语）.（八）状语?修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状.4.He is in t

21、he room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin,you must continue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）.4.H e i s i n t h e r o o m ma k i n g a .9种状语种类如下：1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4.Mr Smith lives

22、on the third floor.5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）.9 种状语种类如下：1.H o w a b o u t me e t i n g.?She came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.7.He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.8.She w

23、orks very hard though she is old.9.I am taller than he is.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）（比较状语）.?S h e c a me i n w i t h a d i c t i o n a r.（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：This is Mr.Zhou,our headmaster.（十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest,I think(suppose,believe-)等，如：To be frank,I dont quite agree with you.（九）同位语（A p p o s i t i v e）对前面的名词或代词做进.张道真?解决实际问题就行；分析句子时要注意适可而止。?简单句？并列句？复合句？主语？谓语？剩下部分起什么作用？.张道真?解决实际问题就行；分析句子时要注意适可而止。?简单