专插本英语-16语从句课件.ppt

1、在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句叫定语从句;相当于名词和形容词的作用。相当于名词和形容词的作用。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。连接先行词和从句的词叫做连接先行词和从句的词叫做关系代词或关系代词或关系副词关系副词Do you know Do you know the manthe man who who spoke at the spoke at the meeting just now?meeting just now?That is That is the housethe house wherew

2、here he lived ten years he lived ten years ago.ago.关系代词和关系副词的作用关系代词和关系副词的作用1 1、引导作用、引导作用 2 2、替代作用、替代作用 3 3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用1.Those 1.Those whowho want to go please sign your want to go please sign your names here.names here.（主语）主语）2.This is the house 2.This is the house wherewhere he

3、was born.he was born.（地点状语）（地点状语）3.Bill,3.Bill,whowho I met yesterday,asked me a lot I met yesterday,asked me a lot of questions.of questions.（宾语）（宾语）关系代词（关系代词（who,whom,which,that,whose）的指代关系的指代关系在限制性定语从句中，当先行词在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物指物时，关系时，关系词可用词可用which或或that，二者常可以互换；二者常可以互换；但在下列情况中，只能用但在下列情况中，只能用that，不用不

4、用which：(1)(1)当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词all,a lot,few,much,all,a lot,few,much,none,anything,nothingnone,anything,nothing等或等或被不定代词被不定代词all,all,any,no,much,little,few,everyany,no,much,little,few,every所修饰时。所修饰时。AllAll thatthat can be done has been done.can be done has been done.We heard clearly We heard clearly

5、 everyevery wordword that that he said.he said.(2 2)当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时。The The firstfirst thing thing thatthat should be done is to get the should be done is to get the tickets.tickets.(3 3)当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级所修饰时级所修饰时.This is the This is the bestbest film film that

6、that I have ever seen.I have ever seen.(4 4)当先行词被当先行词被 the very,the only,the next,the very,the only,the next,the the lastlast等所修饰时等所修饰时。This is This is the verythe very book book that that I want to find.I want to find.(5 5)当先行词既指人又指物时当先行词既指人又指物时 She described in her compositions She described in he

7、r compositions the people the people and placesand places thatthat impressed her most.impressed her most.下面情况不用下面情况不用that:that:This is the book about This is the book about we are talking we are talking nownowTom studies hard and is ready to help others,Tom studies hard and is ready to help others,h

8、is parents expect.his parents expect.Whats that Whats that is flying in the sky?is flying in the sky?which介词后面：介词后面：which非限性定语从句中：非限性定语从句中：当先行词本身是当先行词本身是thatthat时：时：which在下列情况中，只能用在下列情况中，只能用which which，不用，不用that that：as as 和和whichwhich在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语关系代词都指主句所表达的

9、整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：两点：asas引导的定语从句可置于句首，而引导的定语从句可置于句首，而whichwhich不可。不可。asas代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻译为常可翻译为“正如，正像正如，正像”；而；而whichwhich常译为常译为“这一点，这件事这一点，这件事”在限制性定语从局中，如果先行词被在限制性定语从局中，如果先行词被as,so,the as,so,the same,such same,such 修饰时，关系代词常用修饰时，关系代词常用asa

10、swhichwhich和和asas的区别的区别:which和和as的区别的区别1._ is reported in the newspapers,talks 1._ is reported in the newspapers,talks between the two countries are making progress.between the two countries are making progress.2.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son 2.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son t

11、han to the others,_,of course,made the than to the others,_,of course,made the others envy him.others envy him.3._ I explained on the phone,your 3._ I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting.request will be considered at the next meeting.AsAswhich asas多用于一些习惯用语中：多用

12、于一些习惯用语中：as anybody can as anybody can seesee 正如人人都能看到的那样正如人人都能看到的那样as is as is well knownwell known=as is known to all =as is known to all 众所周知众所周知as we had as we had expectedexpected 正如我们所预料的那样正如我们所预料的那样as often as often happenshappens 正如经常发生的那样正如经常发生的那样as has beenas has been said said beforebefor

13、e 如上所述如上所述as isas is mentioned mentioned aboveabove 正如上面提到的正如上面提到的when/on whichwhere/in whichwhy/for which(1)(1)限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，用逗号隔开，也不可省略也不可省略，否则全句意义就不，否则全句意义就不完整。完整。This is the telegram This is the telegram which he refers towhic

14、h he refers to.Is there anything Is there anything(that)I can do for you(that)I can do for you?(2)(2)非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。用逗号与主句隔开。This note was le

15、ft by TomThis note was left by Tom,who was here a who was here a moment agomoment ago.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who,whom,whose,which,as,when who,whom,whose,which,as,when 和和 wherewhere不可以用不可以用thatthat和和why why 另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常句，在口语中使用并不普遍，

16、在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。用并列句或简单句来表达。I told the story to John,I told the story to John,whowho later did it to his later did it to his brother.brother.=I told the story to John,=I told the story to John,and heand he later told it to later told it to his brother.his brother.(三三)以以the waythe way为先行词的限制性为

17、先行词的限制性定语从句通常由定语从句通常由in whichin which或或thatthat引引导，而且通常可以省略。导，而且通常可以省略。The wayThe way (that/in which)(that/in which)he answered he answered the questionsthe questions was wassurprising.surprising.I dont likeI dont like the waythe way (that/in which)(that/in which)you laugh at heryou laugh at her.who

18、se whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。做定语。I visited a scientist I visited a scientist whosewhose name is known all over name is known all over the country.the country.He has a friend He has a friend whosewhose father is a doctor.father is a doctor.我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。我把那本封面是蓝色的书弄丢了。I lost the book

19、I lost the book whosewhose cover was blue.cover was blue.注意：指注意：指物物时，常用下列结构来代替：时，常用下列结构来代替：The classroom The classroom whose doorwhose door is broken will soon is broken will soon be repaired.be repaired.The classroom The classroom t the door of whichhe door of which is broken is broken will soon be

20、 repaired.will soon be repaired.Do you like the book Do you like the book whose coverwhose cover is yellow?is yellow?Do you like the book Do you like the book the cover of whichthe cover of which is is yellow?yellow?在定语从句中，在定语从句中，whose+whose+名词名词 _ _ 名词名词 +of which+of which考点考点1.1.关系代词与关系副词的选择关系代词与关

21、系副词的选择用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分即所担当的成分）.若从句若从句缺缺主语、宾语、表语，必须用主语、宾语、表语，必须用关系关系代词代词若从句中若从句中不缺不缺主语、宾语或表语，必须用主语、宾语或表语，必须用关系副词关系副词A.I know a place where we can have a picnic.I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.Compare:B.I wil

22、l never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that/which we spenttogether.C.This is the reason why he was dismissed.This is the reason that/which he explained to me forhis not attending the meeting.1.This is the place _ he works.1.This is the place _ he wor

23、ks.This is the place _ we visited last year.This is the place _ we visited last year.2.That was the time _ he arrived.Do you still 2.That was the time _ he arrived.Do you still remember the days _we spent remember the days _we spent together?together?3.This is the reason _ he went.The 3.This is the

24、reason _ he went.The reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.reason _ he gave us was quite reasonable.4.His father works in a factory _ radio parts are 4.His father works in a factory _ radio parts are made.made.His father works in a factory _ makes radio His father works in a factory _ makes radio

25、 parts.parts.where/in which(which/that)when(which/that)why/for which(which/that)wherewhich/that考点考点2 介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句【1】当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词 只能用只能用which/whom/whose In the dark street,there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.Recently I bought an vase,the pr

26、ice of which was very reasonable.Mr Smith,in whose department she worked,came to see her.1.Do you know the boy _ _ your mother is talking?2.I still remember the day _ _ I first got to Paris.3.He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar.to whomwith whichon whichThis is the child who/whom/that I

27、 will look after.5.译：这是我要照顾的小孩。译：这是我要照顾的小孩。4.He gave me some novels _ _ I am not very familiar with.which/that/不填不填考点考点3 what 与与 定语从句引导词定语从句引导词which/that1 Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A which B what C whatever D that2 He came late again,_ made his teacher very an

28、gry._ made the teacher angry was that he came late again._ made the teacher angry that he came late again.A it B what C whichCBA1.We feed children _are hungry.A whom we think B who we think C we think who D we think whom2.He made another wonderful discovery,_ of great importance to science.A which I

29、 think is B which I think it is C which I think it D I think which it is考点考点4 注意插入语注意插入语考点考点5 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的主谓一致1 I,who _ your husband,should be responsible for you.(be)2 He is one of the students who _ been to America.He is the(only)one of the students who _ been to America.(have)3 To own a compu

30、ter in families,which we thought_ impossible 20 years ago,now becomes true.(be)amhavehaswas wherethat1.This is the library_I borrowed the book.2.It is from this library_I borrowed the book.where定语从句定语从句that强调句型强调句型定语从句与强调句定语从句与强调句3.-Where did you last see Mr.Smith?-It was in the hotel_ I lived.A.tha

31、t B.which C.where D.when定语从句和其它从句如：强调句定语从句和其它从句如：强调句、名词性从句和状语从名词性从句和状语从句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础句等的综合考查越来越多，这就要求考生有扎实的基础知识和较强的综合分析能力。知识和较强的综合分析能力。考点考点6 综合考查综合考查定语从句与同位语从句定语从句与同位语从句1.We all have heard the news_ our team won.2.We dont believe in the news _ he told us yesterday.that(that/which)定语从句与定语从句

32、与表表语从句语从句 The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be_ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A.which;where B.at which;which C.at which;where D.which;in which that/which不能无先行词不能无先行词找准先行词找准先行词看成分判断关系词看成分判断关系词（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）（主要看在从句中充当什么成分）1.We should go to the place_ we are most needed.2

33、.We should go to the place_ needs us most.A.it B.where C.that D.whatBC对比训练对比训练 1.It was October_we met in Shenzhen for the first time.2.It was in October_we met in Shenzhen for the first time.A.that B.which C.when D.whileCA对比训练对比训练 1.He is such a good teacher_ we all like him.2.He is such a good tea

34、cher_ we all like.A.whom B.that C.as D.whichBC1 He often helps the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A whom B who C when D because 2 Is this the museum _ you visited the other day?A.that B.where C.in which D.the one 3-How do you like the book?-Its quite different from _ I read last

35、 month.A.that B.which C.the one D.the one what1.After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.A.which B.when C.that D.where 2.The old man has two sons,is a soldier.A.one of whom B.both of them C.all of whom D.none of them 3.My home village is no longer the

36、 same it used to be.A.which B.as C.where D.when4.The boy composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that D.which5.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books were popular then.A./B.that C.which D.who6.This is the store we visited the famous shop assistants.A.wh

37、ere B.there C.that D.which7.New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大摩天大楼楼)，has more than 100 floors.A.the higher of them B.the highest of which C.the highest of them D.some of which9.The weather turned out to be very good,was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it10.Mr.Wang is a boss,factory Li Ping worked.A.in whose B.whose C.in whom D.of which