《英美国家概况》Chapter17-Government-and-Society解析课件.ppt
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- 英美国家概况 国家 概况 Chapter17 Government and Society 解析 课件
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1、AustraliaChapter17 Government and Society Speakers:Alice Chloe Daisy.Government.Government Australias system of government reflects both the British and North American models of liberal democracy(民主),but with some unique Australian features.The commonwealth of Australia,formed in 1901,is comprised o
2、f 6 states and 2 mainland territories(领土).Australia follows the federation model of the US,.The federal government has a three-tire system.It is based on a popularity elected Parliament with 2 chambers.The party or group of parties with a majority in the House of Representatives forms the government
3、.The legislature(立法机关)The Parliament(议会)of the Commonwealth is the federal legislature of Australia.The Australia parliament consists of the Queen and 2 Housesthe Upper house and the Lower house.The Senate(参议院)consists of 76 Senators.The Senate has virtually equal power to make laws with the House o
4、f Representatives.The House of Representatives has 150 members,each representing an electoral division.Members are elected for a term of up to 3 years.The central function of the House of Representatives is the consideration and passing of new laws and amendments(修正案)or changes to existing laws.The
5、Executive(政府部门)In Australia,executive authority is vested(赋予权利)in the Governor General,who is appointed by the British monarch(君主)on the advice of the Prime Minister(总理).The king or Queen of British:the royal head of state,no real power,a symbolic role.The Governor General can only act on the advice
6、 of the Federal Executive Council or the Cabinet.Federal policy,in practice,is determined by the Cabinet,which is chaired by the Prime Minister.The Judiciary(司法部)The judiciary is absolutely separate from the executive branch and the legislature(立法部)so as to check the concentration(民主)of government p
7、ower.The Australian judiciary includes the High Court,the Federal Court,the Family Court,the Federal Magistrates(地方)Court and state and territory(领土)courts.Political PartiesThere are three major political parties in Australia:the Australian Labor Party,the Liberal Party and the Nationals.Australia h
8、as a two-party system.The Australian Labor Party,nominally(名义上地)representing the trade unions,is Australias oldest political party.In the past more than 100 years,the Australian Labor Party had governed at the federal level for only 33 years.In the 20th century,the party experienced three traumatic(
9、痛苦的)splits and was kept out of office for many years.The Liberal Party nominally represents urban business-related groups.It is a relatively young party.Since then,it has remained one of Australias major parties and has enjoyed a long period of success.The Nationals is the second oldest political pa
10、rty in Australia.ElectionAustralia is one of the few countries that have compulsory voting.With the three-tier(三层)government,Australian electoral laws,practices and systems vary greatly.Thus,Australian citizens have been faced with not only high frequency,but also complexity and diversity of the ele
11、ctoral systems.The majority of voters depend upon“how-to-vote”cards to guide them.Of all the elections,the general election is the most important,the result of which determines which party leader will rule the country as the Prime Minister.There are three electoral systems which are important in Aus
12、tralia,namely the simple majority system,the preferential voting system and the proportional(成比例的)representation system.People.People PopulationThe population of Australia is about 22.9 million(2013).The indigenous(本地的)population,the Australian Aborigines(尤指澳大利亚的土著居民),estimated(估计,估算)300,000 at the
13、time of the European arrival,numbered 517,000 in 2006.Though still more rural(乡下的)than the general population,the Aboriginal population has become more urbanized(都市化的),with one-third of them living in major cities.Australia is the most sparsely(稀疏地)populated of the inhabited continents.In terms of l
14、andmass,Australia is the sixth largest nation in the world.However,it ranks 53rd in terms of population,with an overall population density(人口密度)of about 3 people per square kilometer.Multicultural SocietyDiversity of Population人口多样性人口多样性:Three major contributors to Australias diverse population are
15、the indigenous(本地的)peoples,the British colonial(殖民的)past and extensive(广大的)immigration from different countries and cultures.The indigenous(本地的)Australians make up only about 2.5%of the total population.The overwhelming(压倒性的)majority are immigrantsOver half of them are from Europe,predominantly(占主导地
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