[语法综合讲解与练习]名词性从句课件.ppt

1、snowingfox在复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语的句子叫做名词性从句。名词性从句主语从句 表语从句 宾语从句 同位语从句 连接代词连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever连接词连接词that,whether,if,as if/as though（不充当从句的任何成分）引导名词性从句的关联词引导名词性从句的关联词连接副词连接副词 how,why,when,where however,wherever,whenever,how构成的短语，（how many/much/Long/soon/

2、often)在名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序，即使从句表达的是疑问含义。The problem is what he has done to the little boy.What has he done to the little boy?Can we drink water before medical examination?The problem is what he has done to the little boy.I dont know whetherif we can drink water before the medical examination.Why should

3、we learn English well?Why we should learn English well doesnt need any further explanation.1.主语从句在句中作主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether 和连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever以及连接副词how,when,where,why等词引导。1.that在从句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当成分。That we must master English words as ma

4、ny as possible is very important.Who will win the match is still unknown.Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.That he stole a bike was true.What he wants to tell us is not clear.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用复数形式。Where and when he was born has not been f

5、ound.When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it 代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主句的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下：1）It+be+名词+that从句 a fact,a good idea,an honor,a mystery,a question,a pity,a shame,a pleasure,a wonder,challenge,common knowledge,fun,progress.It is a complete

6、 mystery how the prisoner escaped.It is common knowledge that the whale is not fish.2）It+be+形容词+that从句Amazing,appropriate,better,certain,clear,evident,good,important,likely,lucky,unlikely,Probable,natural,necessary,plain,possible,true,wrong.It is certain that your son will win in his examination.It

7、is very difficult what you a doning.3）It+不及动词+that 从句Appear,follow,happen,matter,occur to sb,seem.It now appears that they are in urgent need of help.It happened that I was not there that day.It suddenly occurred to him that the keys might be left in the car.4）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句 accepted,admitted,

8、announced,arranged,believed,decided,demanded,estimated,expected,found,hoped,known,noted,pointed out,proved,reported,rumored,said,seen,shown,stressed,suggested,unknown.It is known to us how he became a writer.It has not been decided who will perform the operation.It must be kept in mind that theory i

9、s combined with practice.It is a pity that its a shame that Its no wonder thatIt is suggested thatIts requested thatIts proposed that,Its desired that注意:以上四种句型中，在表示建议,要求,命令,愿望,义务,责任时,从句中用should(/)+do.在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“should+do”It is advisable that she(should)take a couple of d

10、ays of rest.It is necessary that some immediate effort(should)be made.It is quite natural that he should have been respected by the students.It is suggested that each student(should)sing a song in English.It is strange that he should say so.It is a great pity that you should think so.It is no surpri

11、se that Carl should have won the game.以上句中的that从句如果其谓语动词不用should+do 形式，则不带感情色彩，只表事实2.宾语从句名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1.)由连接词that引导的宾语从句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.

12、We must never think(that)we are good in everything while others are good in nothing.注意:在demand,order,suggest,advise,decide,insist,desire,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用 “should+动词原形”。I insist that she(should)do her work alone.The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.但是,如果

13、suggest作“表明、暗示”讲,insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.2)用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。I want to know what he has told you.She always thinks of how she can wor

14、k well.She will give whoever needs help a warm support.3)用whether或if引导的宾语句whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词后的宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其它名词性从句，如：主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether.Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question.The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test?E

15、verything depends on whether we have enough money.I dont care about whether you have money or not.介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except,but,besides等之后才用。I wonder whether he will come or not.Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?4)宾语从句中的时态呼应 宾语从句的谓语动词时态受主句谓语动词的影响，如果主句的谓语动词

16、是一般现在时从句中的谓语动词可以用各种时态；I know that he studies English every day.I know(that)he will study English next year.We all know that he has studied English since 1998.I know that he studied English last term.如果主句中的谓语动词用了一般过去时，则从句中的语动只能用过去时的某种形式，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；We believed that he had earned enough money

17、to build a house.The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.5)当主句是I/We think(suppose,expect,believe,guess,imagine)时，其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式，常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中成为否定的转移。We dont believe that he will win the game.I dont t

18、hink he will do so.6)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that不能省略。He has made it clear that he will not give in.doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/if 引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用 that 引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接 that 引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if 引导的名词性从句。We doubt whether/if he can win the game.I dont doubt tha

19、t he will win the game.连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who,anything that等。它们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter who/what/which。Whoever breaks the law should be punished.3.表语从句在句中作表语的句子叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if,because 引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句 The fact is that we have

20、 lost the game.Thats just what I want.This is where our problem lies.That is why he didnt come to the meeting.It looks as if it is going to rain.This is because he missed the train by one minute.需要注意的是，当主语是reason 时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one

21、 minute this morning.4.同位语从句同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名词后,如 news,idea,information,fact,hope,thought,belief 等，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容，引导同位语从句的连接词通常有that,whether和连接副词when,where,why,how；连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不引导同位语从句。I have no idea when she will be back.The news that we won the game is exciting.

22、The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill.同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。I had no idea that you were here.Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导同位语从句,不能省略）(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）.

23、同位语从句和定语从句:首先来看下面三道题:1.Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport.(06重庆卷)2.Dont believe his reason _ he gave you.3.The reason _ he was late is that he has been ill.A.why B.that C.where D.because，解析:第一题选B,that引导同位语从句与先行词reason同位;第二题选B,关系代词that

24、跟在先行词reason的后面引导定语从句,在从句中做宾语;第三题选A或B,先行词reason在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why,for which 和that引导.思考:同为先行词reason,但其后面的从句分别是同位语从句和定语从句,如何区分呢?可以从两个方面考虑:1.连接词是否在从句中作成份,作成分则是定语从句,如上2,3题.反之,有可能是名词性从句.2.意义上从句是否与先行词(常为抽象名词)同位.同位则是名词性从句试区别:The idea that we invited him yesterday is wonderful.(_从句)The idea that he told me ye

25、sterday is wonderful.(_从句)同位语定语.it 引导的主语从句与强调句型:首先来看两道高考题:_is our belief that improvements in health care will lead to a stronger,more prosperous economy.(06浙江卷)A.As B.That C.This D.ItIt was after he got what he had desired _he realized it was not so important.(辽宁卷)A.that B.when C.since D.as解析:第一题选D

26、,此题考查以形式主语it开头的主语从句.第二题选A,此题考查强调句型.思考:再回头看看这两题,句式十分相似,同为it is that句式,如何区分理解呢?只要把it is that去掉,看句子是否依然成立,如果成立,就是强调句式,反之则是主语从句.去掉后,变为:our belief improvements in health care will lead to a stranger,more prosperous economy.(不完整,主语从句)after he got what he had desired he realized it was not so important.(完整

27、,强调句式)试区别:It was many years ago that I met Mr.Green in Beijing.(_从句)It is the fact that he doesnt know his birthday that surprised us all.(_从句)和(_从句)强调句式同位语强调句式.宾语从句与状语从句:首先看看下面两题:1.In peace,too,the Red Cross is expected to send help _there is human suffering.(06江西卷)2.In peace,too,the Red Cross is e

28、xpected to help _needs help.A.whoever B.however C.whatever D.wherever解析:第一题选D,help为名词,wherever引导地点状语从句;第二题选A,whoever引导宾语从句作help的宾语.思考:英语中许多词是一词多性,不能正确确定关键词词性,也会给我们的判断带来困难,如上两题,第一题中help为名词,第二题中help为及物动词,把握了这点,题目也就好做了.因此可以从以下两点来思考:确定从句前关键词的词性,是否是及物动词,是否是动词.从句是否完整.不缺成分的且从句前的关键词不为及物动词,是状语从句.(除去同位语从句)试练习

29、下面两道题,并判断关键词的词性:-Mom,what did your doctor say?-He advised me to live _the air is fresher.(06四川卷)A.in where B.in which C.the place where D.where 2.Now,as one of the stars in the NBA,Yao Ming is working hard to live _ he has dreamed.A.where B.in where C.what D.which区别清楚了吗?第一题中live为_动词,引导_从句;第二题中live为_

30、动词,等于_,引导_从句.不及物动词状语及物realize宾语.真题精练真题精练:Please remind me _he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off.(06全国卷一)A.where B.when C.how D.whatSee the flags on top of the building?That was _we did this morning.(06全国卷一)A.when B.which C.where D.what-Could you do me a favor?-It depends on_ it is.(0

31、6北京卷)A.which B.whichever B.C.what D.whatever4.There is much chance_ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.(06天津卷)A.that B.which C.until D.if5.We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad.(06江苏卷)A.if B.where C.whether D.that6._makes this shop different

32、is that it offers more personal services.(06辽宁卷)A.what B.who C.whatever D.whoever7.A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.(06安徽卷)A.if B.when C.that D.which8.I just wonder _ that makes him so excited.(06山东卷)A.why it dies B.what he

33、 does B.C.how it is D.what it is9.-Its thirty years since we last met.-But I still remember the story,believe it or not,_we got lost on a rainy night.(06四川卷)A.which B.that B.C.what D.when 10.We re just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk.(06山东卷)A.where B.that C.when

34、D.which分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的要点有以下六个方面:1.考查名词性从句的语序问题高考题例示：1.The photographs will show you _（MET1989）A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how our village looks like 例2.Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see _.(NMET2000)A.who is he B.who he

35、is C.who is it D.who it is 例3.Can you make sure _ the gold ring?(NMET1990)A.where Alice had put B.B.where did Alice put C.where Alice has put D.where has Alice put 例4.He asked _ for the violin.(NMET1991)A.did I pay how much B.B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid 2.考查引导词that与what的

36、区别高考题例示：1._we cant get seems better than _we have.(NMET1996)A.What;what B.What;that C.That;that D.That;what2.No one can be sure _ in a million years.(MET1991)A.what man will look like B.B.what will man look like C.man will look like what D.what look will man like 3._ you have done might do harm to o

37、ther people.(MET 1987)A.That B.What B.C.Whether D.How4._ you dont like him is none of my business.(上海1992)A.What B.Who B.C.That D.Whether3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法高考题例示：1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It2.It worried her a bi

38、t _her hair was turning gray.A.while B.if B.C.that D.for3.I hate _when people talk with their mouths full.(NMET1998)A.it B.that B.C.this D.them4.Does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time?(MET 1991)A.this B.that C.he D.it 4.考查whether与if 的区别 高考真题例示：高考题例示：1._well go camping tomorrow depends on th

39、e weather.(NMET1996)A.If B.Whether B.C.That D.Where2.What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.(上海2001)A.when B.how B.C.whether D.why3._ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.(MET1992)A.Whenever B.If B.C.Whether D.That 5.考查名词性从句中

40、的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别高考题例示：例1.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever B.C.whichever D.whenever2._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)A.Anyone B.The person B.C.Whoever D.Who3.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests.(上海1995)A.anyone B.whomever B.C.whoever D.no matter who6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题高考题例示：1.It is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language.(上海1993)A.masters B.should master C.mastered D.will master