高二英语新人教版选修7Unit4-Sharing-Grammar课件.ppt--（课件中不含音视频）

1、 Attributive Clause(restrictive)限制性定语从句限制性定语从句 1.定义：定义：2.先行词：先行词：3.关系代词、关系副词：关系代词、关系副词：在复合句中用来在复合句中用来用来修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词（antecedent）。引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词关系代词关系代词：关系副词：关系副词：Who,whom,whose,which,that等等When,where,why等等定语从句的构成定语从句的构成 两个简单句：两个简单句：A man is standing there.The man is my brother

2、.=主从复合句：主从复合句：The man who is standing there is my brother.先行词先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词被定语从句所修饰的词先行词一般是名词或代词先行词一般是名词或代词关系词关系词：引导定语从句的词：引导定语从句的词关系词的种类关系词的种类关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词起着起着代词和连词代词和连词的作用，在从句中充当的作用，在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语主语，宾语或定语起着起着副词或介词短语和连词副词或介词短语和连词的作用，的作用，在从句中充当在从句中充当状语状语The man(who is standing there)is my brother

3、.关系词的作用：关系词的作用：代替前面的先行词在从句中代替前面的先行词在从句中 充当一定的成分充当一定的成分 把两个句子连起来构成一个把两个句子连起来构成一个 复合句复合句先行词先行词（物）（物）先行词先行词（人）（人）定语定语地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语原因原因状语状语主主宾宾主主宾宾关关系系代代词词关关系系副副词词whichthatwhowhomwhosewherewhenwhy 1.who/whom 引导定语从句引导定语从句指人，在从句中做主语时用指人，在从句中做主语时用who,who,做宾语时做宾语时who/whom who/whom 皆可，而且可省略；也用于非皆可，而且可省略；也

4、用于非限定定语从句，但不能省略限定定语从句，但不能省略 He is the boy(who/whom)I like very much.The boss of the company,who(m)I met at a party last week,is a billionaire2.Which 引导定语从句引导定语从句1.1.指物，在从句中做主语或宾语指物，在从句中做主语或宾语 I live in a house which was built ten years ago.These are the photos(which)I took in the USA.2.2.用于非限定性定语从句，

5、指物或一件事用于非限定性定语从句，指物或一件事 The moon,which is nearer to the earth,has no light of its own.She married Joe,which surprised everyone.3.that 引导定语从句引导定语从句 只用于限定性定语从句，既可指人也可只用于限定性定语从句，既可指人也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语指物，在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略时可省略。The woman that spoke to me in the shop used to live next door.There are some

6、 interesting TV plays(that)Id like to see.4.只用that不用which/who的情况情况 先行词为不定代词如先行词为不定代词如 everything,nothing,anything,all,little,few等等 I ll do anything that I can to help you.I have said all that I want to say.先行词由最高级修饰先行词由最高级修饰 This is the silliest thing that I have ever heard of.先行词由序数词修饰先行词由序数词修饰 Thi

7、s is the first time that Ive been here.先行词中既有人又有物先行词中既有人又有物The authors and their works that I know are excellent.先行词被all,the only,the very,just所修饰 All that remains for me to do is to say goodbye.This is the very dictionary that I want.（6）先行词被）先行词被all,every,any,much,little,few,no等修饰时等修饰时All the thing

8、s that you told me are lies.(7)(7)主句是以主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句（为避免重复问句（为避免重复）Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night?Who is the woman that shook hands with you just now?(8)(8)当引导词在从句中作表语时当引导词在从句中作表语时China isnt the country that it used to be.5.whose 引导定语从句引导定语从句在从句中作定语，先行词既可是人，也可是在从句中作定语，先行词既可是人

9、，也可是物。物。Students whose experiments are completed may go home.This is the room whose windows were broken in the storm.6.when 引导定语从句引导定语从句在从句中作时间状语，先行词在从句中作时间状语，先行词是表示时间的名词。是表示时间的名词。Four oclock is the hour when the school is dismissed.The summer of 1969,when men first set foot on the moon,will never b

10、e forgotten.先行词是时间时，并非都用先行词是时间时，并非都用whenwhen引导引导从句来修饰，试比较：从句来修饰，试比较：Do you still remember the days when there was no electricity?从句中缺少时间状语从句中缺少时间状语 Do you still remember the days(which/that)we spent together?从句中缺少宾语从句中缺少宾语7.where 引导定语从句引导定语从句在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示在从句中作地点状语，先行词通常是表示地点的名词。地点的名词。A one-way

11、street is a street where vechicles can only go one way.The Tower of London,where so many people lost their lives,is now a tourist attention.先行词是地点时，并非都用先行词是地点时，并非都用wherewhere引导从句引导从句来修饰，试比较：来修饰，试比较：The place where Lu Xun once worked has become a museum.从句中缺少地点状语从句中缺少地点状语 The place(which/that)I visit

12、ed last week is in Hong Kong.从句中缺少宾语从句中缺少宾语8.Why 引导定语从句引导定语从句在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是在从句中作原因状语，先行词通常是reasonreasonThe reason why he left is still not clear to us.先行词是先行词是the reason时并非都用时并非都用whyThats the reason why he was late.Thats the reason(which/that)he gave me.9.介词+which/whom引导定语从句介词的确定方法1.1.根据先行词来确定根据先行

13、词来确定2.2.This is the pot in which I boiled the milk.3.3.=This is the pot(which/that)I boiled the milk in.4.4.Yesterday we had a meeting,at which we discussed many problems.2.2.根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词 来来确定确定 The person to whom I complained is the manager.=The person(who/whom/that)I complained to

14、is the manager.The dog,of which he used to be afraid,is her favorite animal now.=The dog,which he used to be afraid of,is her favorite animal now.3.3.根据从句所表达的意思来确定根据从句所表达的意思来确定 Water,without which man cant live,is really important.注：当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组注：当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介词不能前置时，介词不能前置 The babies whom

15、the nurses are looking after are very healthy.10.10.名词名词/代词代词/数词数词 +of+which/whom引导引导非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句 These people,the majority of whom are farmers,disagreed with the plan.I bought some books from the bookstore,five of which were English novels.The money,all of which has been given to the Hope proje

16、ct,was collected in the performance.关系代词关系代词whichwhich与与asas引导非限制定语从句的区别引导非限制定语从句的区别:关系代词关系代词whichwhich和和asas都可以引导定语从句用于指代前都可以引导定语从句用于指代前面整句的内容。面整句的内容。asas引导定语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。引导定语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾。意思是意思是“正如正如”后面的动词多是后面的动词多是see,know,see,know,expect,say,mention,report,announceexpect,say,mention,repo

17、rt,announce等。等。As is known to all,Edison invented the telephone.=Edison invented the telephone,as is known to all which which引导定语从句引导定语从句,只能放在句尾，意思是只能放在句尾，意思是“这一这一点点 ”。He turned out to be very successful,which was more than we could expect.as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句 This is such an interesting book _ w

18、e all like.This is so interesting a book _ we all like.这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)asasthatthat 1.Ive read all the books _ you gave me.A.which B.th

19、em C.what D.that 2.There is no difficulty _ cant be overcome in the world.A.thatB.which C.who D.what 3.The doctor did all _ to save the wounded boy.A.what he could B.he could C.everything which he could D.for which he could do 4.He keeps a record of everything _ he had seen there.A.this B.that C.whi

20、ch D.what 5.The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched this year.A.which B.what C.whose D.that 6.Tell us about the people and the places _ are different from ours.A.that B.who C.which D.whom 7.Our school is no longer the place _ it used it be.A.where B.what C.that D.which8.Any

21、one _ is against this opinion may speak out.A.whom B.that C.whose D.who9.Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of Beijing Tourism Tower?A.who B.that C.whichD.whom10.It is not such an interesting magazine _ I thought.A.as B.that C.which D.不填不填 定语从句的运用定语从句的运用:A letter to TomA letter to Tom我收到了你上

22、周的来信我收到了你上周的来信.谢谢你寄的照片谢谢你寄的照片.我常常想起我们一起度过的时光我常常想起我们一起度过的时光.那座顶那座顶上有只海鸥的纪念碑真漂亮上有只海鸥的纪念碑真漂亮.你还记得那你还记得那个湖吗个湖吗?我们在那还照过一张相呢我们在那还照过一张相呢.和我们和我们一起玩的那些小朋友还好吗一起玩的那些小朋友还好吗?另外另外,我有一我有一本绿色封面的书丢在你那了本绿色封面的书丢在你那了.请帮我寄来请帮我寄来.I have received the letter you posted last week.Thanks for the photos you sent.I often think

23、 of the time we spent together.The monument on top of which there is a seagull is really beautiful.Do you still remember the lake where we had a picture taken?How are the children who played with us?Besides,I had a book left in your house the cover of which is green.Please send it to me.Dear Tom,I h

24、ave received the letter that you sent to me last week.Thanks for the photos which are in the letter sent by you.I always think of the happy time that we spent together.T he roof which there is memorial that a sea gull on it is really very beautiful.Do you remember the lake which we took a photo there?And how is the children with whom we enjoyed the wonderful time.Besides,I left a book with the green cover in your home,which could you send for me.