高中英语语法专题四-介词和介词短语-共89张课件.pptx

1、方位介词方位介词in/inside 在里 The students are reading in the classroom.into 进入 Throw it into the fire.outside 在外面 You can park your car outside our house.out of 从里出来，侧重于从里向外 He walked out of the room and left.above 在.斜上方 The water came above our knees.over 在正上方；跨越到物体的另一面，将覆盖 1.There are several bridges over

2、 the river.2.He climbed over a wall and ran away.on 在上面(表面接触)He put a picture on the wall.onto 到之上 The child climbed up onto his fathers shoulders.under 在.正下方 A policeman is standing under an umbrella.below 在斜下方 beneath 紧贴在.的下方 by/beside 在旁边 past/by 从旁边经过 near/close to 在.附近next to 紧挨着.behind 在的后面in

3、front of/before 在外部的前面in the front of 在.内部的前面，反义词at the back ofaround 围绕 from从.（起点）来across 横过.，在.（街、河等）对面through 穿过，透过 along 沿着away from/off 从某处落下或离开 between 在两者之间 among 在三者或三者以上之间易混方位介词的用法at&in 二者均表示地点，“在.之处”。at用于较小的地方，如门牌号码前；in用于指较大的地方Eg:Well meet each other at my home.Mr.White lived in Hong Kong

4、for 20 years.in on to off Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China.Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.Shandong Province is/lies to the northeast of Hubei Province.Lily lives in a flat just off Park Avenue.介词介词用法用法图解图解in表示在某范围之内on表示“毗邻”“接壤”to表示在某范围之外且不接壤offoff强调两地间隔着一小段距离inontooff用介词in,off,

5、to 填空 Japan lies the east of China.Beijing lies the north of China.The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake.offintoamong、between Some students often listen to music classes to refresh themselves.Four Chinese models were the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at

6、 the World Supermodel Competition.between among 介词介词用法用法例句例句among在表示范围时，表示“在(其)中；.之一”She is the youngest among the three sisters.她是三姐妹中最年轻的。between当两个以上的人或物用and连接时Switzerland lies between France,Germany,Austria and Italy强调每每两者之间的关系the difference between the three of them表示“由于合作的结果”时Between them they

7、 landed the fish.在share,divide等表示分享之类的动词后，+三者或三者以上复数名词，among/between均可He divided his money among/between his five sons.on&in Birds are singing the tree.There are lots of apples the tree.区别：区别：树本身生长出来的枝叶花果等在树上。用on；反之用inoninover&above1000 meters above sea level 海拔1000米Hes over fifty.他已年过半百了。He always

8、puts his students above everything.他总是把自己的学生置于一切事情之上。He has little control over his emotions.他控制不住自己的感情。词义overabove多于相当于more than，其反义词是 under（=less than）用 于 表 示 与“最低限度”或“标准”有关的事物在 .之上强调控制、掌握、权威、优越等强调级别、地位、重要性等over&above Shes been here for two hours.A great person is always putting others interests h

9、is own.He is average intelligence.overaboveaboveto for towards to:1.用于go,come,walk,run,dash,rush,move,fly,return,lend,take等表示来往行动的动词后，意为“到达.”2.等于towards，意为“in the direction of（朝）”for：用于表示“起程”“出发”“离开”的动词（词组）如leave，set off，start之后，表示“去某地”towards：朝 The door opens the mountain.He is leaving Beijing tomo

10、rrow.What time do you start school in the morning?towards/toforfor时间介词时间介词时间介词：in on at介词图解用法in笼统表示在某段较长的时间内(如：世纪、年代、年份、季节、月份、朝代及泛指上午、下午和傍晚等)on1.表示在具体的某一天，日期 2.含有“Day”的节假日中3.表示具体的某一天或某天的上午、下午或晚上4.在on time（准时）这一段短语中介词 图解用法 at具体1.表示在时间的某一刻2.在不含有“Day”的节假日中3.在习语中in on at在星期天上午 在三月初 在儿童节 在19世纪20年代on Sund

11、ay morningin the 1820son Childrens Dayat the beginning of Marchin&afterin表时间，常表示“在之内”，有时in还有“在之后”的意思，但表示此意时，必须具备两个条件：1.所在句子的谓语动词必须表将来；2.后面必须是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可，否则就用after或later。My father will be back in three days.My father will be back after three oclock.My father came back after three days.three days l

12、ater.in after later填空 It will be finished an hour.He returned a few days.They finished their lessons at four and a little while they went out to take a walk.laterafterinfor from sincefor:后接时间段，表示行为或状态持续了多久。可与现在完成时、过去完成时、一般过去时或一般将来时连用from:后接时间点，表示行为或状态的起始点，而不涉及其持续时间的长短。句子的时态根据from后的时间定，from+过去时间点，用一般

13、过去时；from+现在/将来时间点，用一般将来时since:后接时间点，不仅表示行为或状态的起始点，而且还强调该行为或状态从起始点一直持续到说话的时刻，因而常与延续性动词的完成时连用 then on she knew she would win.I lost my money and I have been worried then.The meeting lasted three hours yesterday.From sinceforduring over through介词介词用法用法例句例句During在期间指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间

14、段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显He often falls asleep during the class.through 在期间；从.开头到结尾Tom was brave t h r o u g h h i s fathers illness.over在期间；贯穿（一段时间）；与during同义W e h a d a pleasant chat over a cup of tea.during over through填空Lets discuss it lunch.the past 10 years,great changes have taken place in this area

15、.Cold-blooded animals hibernate(过冬，冬眠)the winter.over:over a five-year period.throughoverDuring/Overbefore by till/until介词介词用法用法例句例句before 早于；在之前先后顺序，与一般时连用The new road will be completed before the end of the year.By强调已完成，与完成时连用1.表示“不迟于.，在（某时）前”2.表示“在.期间，在时间内”All of you are to arrive at school by se

16、ven oclock.till/untiluntil比till更正式。I shall wait until ten oclock.I didnt go to sleep until midnight.用before,by,until填空Well have finished the work ten oclock tomorrow.I usually take a bath having my breakfast.Up last year,they didnt even own a car.bybefore until表示工具、手段、方式的介词表示工具、手段、方式的介词旅行方式：by in on

17、介词介词用法用法示例示例by1.不涉及交通工具的名词且名词前不带冠词、物主代词2.by+直接加交通工具1.by sea,by water,by land,by air2.by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship,by trainin/on1.当旅行方式涉及特指的交通工具时，用on或in，名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语2.步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on1.travel to New York on this plane,go to school in my car2.on foot,on horseback/on a horse,on a c

18、amel同义句转换He went to Beijing by car.=He went to Beijing .I prefer to travel by ship.=I prefer to travel .in his/a carby sea/water表示“用”的介词with：用于有形的工具或身体某些器官之前，其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。They are digging with a pick/spade.他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.我们用眼睛看，用耳朵听，用腿

19、走路。in：用于原料、颜料、语言、钢笔、铅笔等之前Please answer me in English.The artist wrote in ink/pencil.固定短语on/over the telephone/radio 通过电话/广播in this/that way by this/that means with this/that method 用这/那种方式用by over in on 填空This form is to be filled in ink.This toy is not machine-made.It is made hand.In the morning I

20、usually listen to the news the radio.inon/overby表示支持、反对的介词against、for介词介词词义词义例句例句against 反对，倚靠，逆着，相反，在的衬托下，与比赛She was forced to marry against her will.Thats against the law.for支持，赞成，与in favor of同义Are you for or against the new road scheme?An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of t

21、he committee members are it.Tired,Jim was fast asleep with his back a big tree.againstagainst表示表示“比较比较”的介词的介词介词介词用法用法例句例句than形容词&副词比较级+thanHe runs faster than his brother.tobe superior to 优于be inferior to 劣于be senior to 年长于be junior to 年幼于be prior to 较先于 Bobs strength is superior to mine.易混介词易混介词as

22、likeas:1.介词，作为.2.连词，像.，虽然，后面加句子 3.构成the same as,as.as.,suchas句型like:介词，像.，后面加名词、代词等My notebook is the same yours.He got a job a journalist.The big stone looks a monkey.likeasasabout of on about:指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事，谈论的内容也比较普通 on:指比较有系统地或理论性较强地论述某事，谈论的内容较正式或较严肃。tell/read/know/think+of:粗略涉及about：较详细It is a b

23、ook on birds.那是一本论及鸟类的书。（可能是一本学术0著作）It is a book about birds.那是一本关于鸟的书。（可能是一本关于供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书）I know of him.我对他有所了解。（只是大致了解）He usually tells me some stories Lei Feng.Tell me him.They talked you at the meeting yesterday.He is reading a book the history of China.onabout/ofaboutaboutbesides,except,but,o

24、ther than(1)用在否定句时，besides，except与but可相互替换。No other students passed the difficult maths exam except/besides/but Lin Tao and Wu Dong.除林涛吴东外没有别的学生通过那么难的数学考试了。(2)用在肯定句时的区别except：意为not including 除之外（不再有）We all passed the exam except Tom.除汤姆没及格外，我们都及格了。（汤姆没及格）except用于句首时，后面+for Besides：意为in addition to除之

25、外（还有）We have lots of things in common besides music.除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点。注意：注意：Besides在句中的位置比较灵活；而在句中的位置比较灵活；而except多放在句中。此外，多放在句中。此外，except前几乎总有前几乎总有all，any，every，no等。等。(3)except+名词/代词/动名词/副词副词/介介短短/when从句从句but/other than+名词/代词/动名词 except 后可接that从句做宾语，此时except为连词 Besides，adv.而且，还有用besides或except填空I know nothing about the young lady that she is from Beijing.I dont mind picking up your things from the store.,the walk does me good.Besides exceptby to from of of