高中英语-阅读理解推理判断题课件.ppt

1、推理判断题推理判断题 猜测词义题猜测词义题细节理解题细节理解题主旨大意题主旨大意题阅读理解专题-推理判断题 推理判断题的考查点推理判断题的考查点 要求考生在理解原文表面信息和线索的要求考生在理解原文表面信息和线索的基础上，通过分析、思考，对作者未言明或基础上，通过分析、思考，对作者未言明或未知的信息做出合理的推理、判断和预测。未知的信息做出合理的推理、判断和预测。已知信息已知信息未知信息未知信息 1.Question forms:It can be inferred from the text that .From the text we know that is most likely .W

2、hen the writer talks about,what the writer really means is .The writer suggests that .The story implies that .We can infer conclude from the passage that .这类题干中通常含有infer,suggest,imply,conclude等标志性词语。2.技巧点拨技巧点拨1).全面分析全面分析 2).忠实原文忠实原文3).不要选择表层信息不要选择表层信息1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from t

3、he wall?Did it sound like a clock?If so,it may have been made by a beetle.Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die.Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle.（1分钟）分钟）The sound of this beetle _.A.pleased people.B.surprised people.C.frightened people.D.excited peopl

4、e.Practice:2.It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach.Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it.If you dont turn it back over,all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）（依附）the underside will die.（1.5分钟）分钟）You can tell that rocks _.A.hurt sea animals B.p

5、rotect sea animalsC.wont be found on beaches D.cant be found on beaches1.Question forms:The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.2.技巧点拨技巧点拨注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。如何推断观点态度如何推断观点态度看词义褒贬看词义褒贬 This upset me to no end because while a

6、ll the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we feel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and

7、stay the same when we could be improving.What is the authors attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3?A.Tolerant B.Doubtful C.Respectful D.Supportive 如何推断观点态度如何推断观点态度看词义褒贬看词义褒贬Mr.Crockatt 2007-5-12 4:38 PM I am from the London independent bookshop Crockatt&Powell.In my opinion,the pract

8、ice is completely ridiculous.How can you edit the classics?I am afraid reading some of these books is hard work,and that is why you have to develop as a reader.If people dont have time to read Anna Karenina,then fine.But dont read a shortened version and kid yourself its the real thing.Mr.Crockatt s

9、eems to imply that _.A.reading the classic works is a confusing attempt B.shortening the classics does harm to the original C.publishing the cut-down classics is a difficult job D.editing the classic works satisfies childrens needs Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is

10、murder,bribery(行贿)，and death.Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.A.complain B.apologize C.amuse D.inform说明作者态度的词有:objectivepositive negativeneutral approval disapprovalindifferentironic pessimisticoptimistic critical 客观的消极的漠不关心的赞成的不赞成的乐观的

11、悲观的积极的讽刺的批评的中立的1.Question forms:(1)考查整篇文章的写作目的考查整篇文章的写作目的A.The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.B.What is the purpose of writing this article?C.In writing the passage,the author intends to _.(2)考查某处细节的写作意图考查某处细节的写作意图A.The writer uses the example ofto show that _.B.The writer uses the

12、two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.C.are mentioned in the first paragraph to _.1.“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?”asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the Un

13、iversity of Edinburgh.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,”he said.（1.5分钟）The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A.test the readers knowledge about waves B.draw the readers attention to the topic C.show Jamie Taylors importance D.invite the readers to answer

14、them2.A young man from a village called Nawalapitiya married a young woman from Maliyuwa,a nearby village.They lived with the mans big family-his parents,his brothers,their wives and children.The family kept an elephant,in which the young woman soon took a great interest.Every day she fed it with fr

15、uit and sugar.Three months later the woman went back to her parents home,having quarreled with her husband.Soon the elephant refused to eat or work.It appeared to be ill and heart-broken.One morning after several weeks the animal disappeared from the house.It went to the womans home.On seeing her,th

16、e elephant waved its trunk and touched her with it.The young woman was so moved by the act of the animal that she returned to her husbands home.（3分钟）分钟）The writer wrote the story in order to_.A.show that elephants are very clever B.tell how a woman trained a wild animal C.show that women care more f

17、or animals than men do D.tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife 1.Question forms:The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.2.解题技巧解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容内容或结构结构来判断其出处：(1)报纸报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称(2)广告广告 ：因其格式特殊，容易辨认(3

18、)产品说明：产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等 1.（全国卷）Do you always understand the directions on a bottle of medicine?Do you know what is meant by“Take only as directed?”Read the following directions and see if you understand them.To reduce pain,take two tablets(药片)with water,followed by on

19、e tablet every eight hours,as required.For night-time and early morning relief(缓解疼痛)take two tablets at bedtime.Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours.For children six to twelve years old,give half the amount(量).For children under six years old,ask your doctors advice.Reduce the amou

20、nt if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine.This text is most probably taken from a _.（2分钟）A.textbook B.newsreel(新闻片)C.doctors notebook D.bottle of medicine2.More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）（受伤）each year.At a spe

21、ed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window.Wearing a seat belt（安全带）（安全带）saves lives;it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt.If you do not,you co

22、uld be fined up to$50.It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your belt.But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind.However,you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are r

23、eversing（倒退）（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）（发送）or collection using a special vehicle;or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.Make sure these circumstances（情形）（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt.Remember you may be

24、 taken to court for not doing so,and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.（3分钟）分钟）This text is taken from _.A.a medical magazine B.a police report C.an advertisement（广告）（广告）D.a government information booklet （小册子）（小册子）More than 30,000 are kille

25、d or seriously injured（受伤）each year.you could be fined up to$50Remember you may be taken to court you may be fined a police report2.解题技巧解题技巧推测下文下文的内容：根据作者的思路作者的思路进行推理推测上文上文的内容：关注第一段关注第一段，特别是文段 开始的几句话。1)推断上下文内容推断上下文内容 Question forms:The next paragraph would most probably deal with _ When early humans

26、 hunted and gathered food,they were not in control of their environment.They could only interact with their surroundings as lower organisms did.When humans learned to make fire,however,they became capable of altering their environment.To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees,cau

27、sing the trees to die.Clearings were burned in forests to increase the growth of grass and to provide a greater grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upon.This development led to farming and the domestication of animals.Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously

28、 been inedible.Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level of sophistication was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities.（3分钟）The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _.A.fire B.hunting C.farming D.urb

29、anization（城市化）A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it.Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see.Some last a few minutes before they give in.But others are determined to wait until th

30、e last moment.Actually,the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesnt show up on an IQ test.EQ is not the opposite of IQ.What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together;how ones ability to handle stress,for instance,affects the ability to conce

31、ntrate and put intelligence to use.Among the ingredients(要素)for success,researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20;the rest depends off everything from social class to luck.While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken seriously,s

32、ome few fear EQ invites misuse.如何预测如何预测与想象与想象写作思路写作思路+篇章结构篇章结构+末段过渡末段过渡7.What is most likely to be written in the paragraph that follows?A.Information about famous people with high EQ.B.Examples showing the opposite voice about EQ.C.Some reasons why EQ is a relatively new field.D.Strong demands for

33、basic emotional education.A scientist turns out to be able to see the future by offering each of some four-year-olds a piece of candy and watching how he or she deals with it.Some children reach eagerly for the treat they see.Some last a few minutes before they give in.But others are determined to w

34、ait until the last moment.Actually,the ability to delay reward is a sign of emotional intelligence which doesnt show up on an IQ test.EQ is not the opposite of IQ.What researchers have been trying to understand is how they work together;how ones ability to handle stress,for instance,affects the abil

35、ity to concentrate and put intelligence to use.Among the ingredients(要素)for success,researchers now generally agree that IQ counts for about 20;the rest depends off everything from social class to luck.While many researchers in this relatively new field are glad to see emotional issues finally taken

36、 seriously,some few fear EQ invites misuse.如何预测如何预测与想象与想象写作思路写作思路+篇章结构篇章结构+末段过渡末段过渡7.What is most likely to be written in the paragraph that follows?A.Information about famous people with high EQ.B.Examples showing the opposite voice about EQ.C.Some reasons why EQ is a relatively new field.D.Strong

37、demands for basic emotional education.2.解题技巧：解题技巧：按段落的组织方法段落的组织方法理解文章结构（如：总-分，分-总或总-分-总或时间、空间顺序等）按写作方法（论证方法）写作方法（论证方法）理解文章结构如：对比、举例等）2)推断篇章组织结构推断篇章组织结构1.Question forms:Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?How is the passage organized?1.1.推断隐含意义推断隐含意义,必须吃透相关文段的意思。必须吃透相关文段的意思

38、。2.2.推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时同时把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。把握文章的体裁也可以推断作者的写作目的。3.3.推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。及文章的中心思想。4.4.推断文脉逻辑，必须特别关注作者的思路和推断文脉逻辑，必须特别关注作者的思路和段落组织方法，推断下文要注意最后一段的段落组织方法，推断下文要注意最后一段的内容内容,尤其是最后的两三句话。尤其是最后的两三句话。总结总结推理判断题解题顺口溜推理判断题解题顺口溜推理判断并不难，解题原则不推理判断并不难，解题原则

39、不可可忘；忘；不不能能主观和臆断，不主观和臆断，不要要过度作推断；过度作推断；原文照抄都不算。推理原文照抄都不算。推理目的和意图目的和意图，要看要看文章首尾段文章首尾段，还有，还有标志和体裁标志和体裁；推断推断态度和观点态度和观点，抓准词义，抓准词义褒和贬褒和贬；人物人物性格与特征性格与特征，要看，要看动作和言语动作和言语；细节细节信息的推断，信息的推断，定位分析与替换定位分析与替换；若要若要预测与想象预测与想象，思路结构思路结构与末段与末段；文章文章出处出处不难断，不难断，主题文体主题文体便可断。便可断。高三英语专题复习Strategies for Questions of Details英

40、语阅读理解技巧英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题事实细节题)分析往年高考卷的阅读细节题分别考查哪些信息？60.How did Percival feel during his meeting with Laura?50.Who are the intended readers of the passage?63.What made“I”finally think of getting a cell phone?57.When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?72.Why did the author and his wife try a new

41、diet?Not long ago.My wife,PJ,and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.72.Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?A.To take special kinds of food B.To respond to climate change.C.To lose weight D.To improve their health_ _同同义义词词

42、In 1988,Tanni went to her first Paralympic Games in Seoul.She won bronze in the 400 metres.Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona.Paralympics.Tanni won gold in the 100,200,400 and 800 metres relay,setting two world records in the process.57.When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold meda

43、l?A.In 1984.B.In 1988.C.In 1992.D.In 2007事实细节题考查的六大信息 时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 summary1.According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正三误一正）3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误三正一误）4 The author(or the passage)state

44、s that_.5.常见设题方式：常见设题方式：题干设计常常避开原文中所用的词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。设题特点：设题特点：第一步：略读题干(Skimming)首先，快速浏览每道试题的题干(即问题)。第二步：通读全文(Scanning)浏览了题干与选项之后，要带着“问题”通读全文。第三步：研读攻关(Close-reading)注意对信息进行注意对信息进行综合分析综合分析，分清主次、真伪分清主次、真伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的“陷陷阱阱”，学会，学会“排除排除”干扰项。干扰项。(New York)A French tourist hig

45、hly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River.Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday.He lifted the little girl out of water after

46、she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum.He handed the girl to her father,David Anderson,who had dived in after him.Reading material 1 Q:Who dived after Duret into the river to save the little girl?A.David Anderson B.A passer-by C.His girlfriend D.A taxi driver题干是问谁在Duret之后跳进河里救人，可以以

47、dive为线索找到原文的He handed the girl to her father，David Anderson，who had dived in after him，故可知答案是David Anderson。(New York)A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River.Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-ol

48、d Julien Duret from France is the man who left the spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday.He lifted the little girl out of water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum.He handed the girl to her father,David Anderson,who had dived in after him.语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。说明语篇解读：本篇文章为说明文。

49、说明了什么是食物中毒以及它常见的症状，了什么是食物中毒以及它常见的症状，导致食物中毒的原因，如何正确处理食导致食物中毒的原因，如何正确处理食物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了食物物以减少中毒的可能，最后说明了食物中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开中毒并不可怕，只要休息几天或多喝开水即可痊愈。水即可痊愈。Reading material 2Reading material 2 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poiso

50、ning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms._Q Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Food when poisoned can make people sick.B.Food poison