高中英语-阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧精品课件.pptx

1、1 考纲解读考纲解读针对讲解针对讲解突破提升突破提升2400-400-018-018-考考纲解读纲解读1 1一、Reading abilities 该类题型在历年中考出现的频率很高，难度系数较该类题型在历年中考出现的频率很高，难度系数较大。它考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的大。它考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力，能力，要求考生通过要求考生通过对文章的阅读，迅速把握文章对文章的阅读，迅速把握文章或段落的主题中心或段落的主题中心。3400-400-018-018-考考纲解读纲解读1 1二、Question forms:常见常见的题干形式如下的题干形式如下：大意类：What is t

2、he passage mainly about?Whats the main idea of this passage?The main idea of the passage is.标题类：Whats the best title for the passage?The best title for the passage might be.作者意图类：Whats the writers purpose in writing the passage?The writer wrote the passage in order to_.4400-400-018-018-考考纲解读纲解读1 1三、

3、Techniques/skills 1.1.寻找主题句，归纳文章大意；（重视首段尾段和每一段段首句段尾句，利用信息词确定主题句）（常见信息词：for example,an example of,first,second,for example,an example of,first,second,next,then,finally,besides that,next,then,finally,besides that,soso，however,but however,but）2.留心关键词，抓住文章主旨。（文章中专有的人名地名和时间；本文反复出现的与主题有关的名词动词和形容词。）5400-40

4、0-018-018-考考纲解读纲解读1 1三、Techniques/skills 3.3.标题归纳题方法突破标题归纳题方法突破在解答标题归纳这种题型时，首先要考虑标题对文章的概括性或在解答标题归纳这种题型时，首先要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面的程度覆盖面的程度Ps 注意干扰项的陷阱：1、以偏概全，片面地理解文章，把文章中的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。2、过于笼统，放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或缩小。6400-400-018-018-针对针对讲解讲解2 2 A In nature,you may see many insects(昆虫）and animals of differ

5、ent colors.Have you ever wondered why?Locusts are super delicious food for birds,but it is not always an easy job for birds to catch them.Brown bears,tigers and other animals move quietly through forests.However,insects with colors different from plants can easily be found and eaten by others.So in

6、order to survive,they have to hide themselves in the daytime and appear only at night.题：What is the main ideas of this passage?A.Some insects and animals have different skills.B.Some insects and animals are clever than we think.C.Some insects and animals use colors to protect themselves.D.Some insec

7、ts and animals can get used to the environment easily.7400-400-018-018-针对针对讲解讲解2 2BMagellanMagellans men were the first to make the trip s men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than around the world.It took them more than twotwo years to years to do do so by ship.so

8、by ship.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the trip with five ships and 240 men.After passing the

9、 trip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they could not see a piece of land for mo

10、nths and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh waterwater.8400-400-018-018-针对针对讲解讲解2 2 Many Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,h

11、ad to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest across th

12、e Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.seven out of

13、 every eight men had died.9 MagellanMagellans voyage proved that men could sail around s voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ballthe world and that our earth is but a huge ball.题：题：Which Which of the following is the best title for this of the followin

14、g is the best title for this passagepassage?A A.Magellans.Magellans deathdeath B B.Going Around The World.Going Around The World C.The World Is Round C.The World Is Round D D.Magellans Voyage.Magellans Voyage针对讲解针对讲解2 210 Magellans men were the first to make the trip Magellans men were the first to

15、make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.to do so by ship.Magellans voyage was the Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.first trip around the world.针对讲解针对讲解2 211 Magellan was from Portugal,but h

16、e sailed for Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left the King of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.Spain with five ships and 240 men.After After passing passing the tip of South America,they reached the the tip of

17、 South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from land for months and they suffer

18、ed greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them the lack of food and fresh water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to t

19、he Philippine Islands,where he was got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed th

20、e Cape of Good difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.had died.The process of Magellans long difficult voya

21、ge12 Magellans voyage proved that men could sail Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.ball.Magellans voyage proved the earth is round.针对讲解针对讲解2 213 Magellans men were the first to make the

22、 trip around the Magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.world.It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King Magellan was from Portugal,but he sailed for the King of Spa

23、in.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships of Spain.On September 20,1519,he left Spain with five ships and 240 men.After passing the tip of South America,they and 240 men.After passing the tip of South America,they reached the Pacific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one reached the P

24、acific Ocean,on which they sailed more than one year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months year.Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water.Many o

25、f them died of hunger and diseases.They even had water.Many of them died of hunger and diseases.They even had to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the to live on sawdust.Finally in April 1521,Magellan got to the Philippine Islands,where he was killed.His men fled and Philippine I

26、slands,where he was killed.His men fled and continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with continued their voyage across the Indian Ocean.It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Goed the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Goed Hope.By the time they

27、returned to Spain on December 21,1521,Hope.By the time they returned to Spain on December 21,1521,seven out of every eight men had died.seven out of every eight men had died.Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the Magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that o

28、ur earth is but a huge ball.world and that our earth is but a huge ball.Paragraph 1:Magellans voyage was the first trip around the world.Paragraph 2:The process of Magellans long difficult voyageParagraph 3:Magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.Magellans voyage14400-400-018-018-3 3突破突破提升提升If y

29、ou get into the forest with your friends,If you get into the forest with your friends,stay with them always.If you dont,you may get stay with them always.If you dont,you may get lost.If you really get lost,this is what you lost.If you really get lost,this is what you should do.Sit down and stay wher

30、e you are.should do.Sit down and stay where you are.Dont try to find your friendslet them find Dont try to find your friendslet them find you by staying in one place you by staying in one place.题：题：This This passage mainly tells you _.passage mainly tells you _.A.when you hear a signal always three

31、times,it A.when you hear a signal always three times,it is a call for helpis a call for helpB.What you should do if you get lost in a forestB.What you should do if you get lost in a forestC.any signal given twice means an answer to a C.any signal given twice means an answer to a call for helpcall fo

32、r helpD.how you can live longer in a forestD.how you can live longer in a forest15400-400-018-018-3 3突破突破提升提升In England,people often talk about the weather In England,people often talk about the weather because they can experience(because they can experience(经历经历)four seasons in)four seasons in one

33、day.In the morning the weather is warm just like one day.In the morning the weather is warm just like in spring.An hour later black clouds come and then in spring.An hour later black clouds come and then it rains hard.The weather gets a little cold.In the it rains hard.The weather gets a little cold

34、.In the late afternoon the sky will be sunny,the sun will late afternoon the sky will be sunny,the sun will begin to shine,and it will be summer at this time of begin to shine,and it will be summer at this time of a daya day.题：题：The The best title best title for for this passage is this passage is _

35、._.A.Bad Seasons A.Bad Seasons B.Summer or B.Summer or WinterWinterC.The Weather in England C.The Weather in England D.Strange English PeopleD.Strange English People16400-400-018-018-突破突破提升提升3 3There There is little doubt that house cats first developed naturally is little doubt that house cats firs

36、t developed naturally from ancient wild cats.The closest relative is the African from ancient wild cats.The closest relative is the African wild cat which still lives in Africa today.This is wild cat which still lives in Africa today.This is understandable because the first house cats came from Afri

37、ca.understandable because the first house cats came from Africa.Cats Cats first started to live around people in Egypt about first started to live around people in Egypt about 6,0007,000 years ago.From Egypt,cats started to move around 6,0007,000 years ago.From Egypt,cats started to move around the

38、world.This is about the same time that Egyptians began the world.This is about the same time that Egyptians began storing grain in buildings.Scientists used to believe that storing grain in buildings.Scientists used to believe that people people tamedtamed cats to catch mice and protect the grain.Ho

39、wever,cats to catch mice and protect the grain.However,cats doncats dont like to be told what to do!Now,scientists believe t like to be told what to do!Now,scientists believe that cats followed thethat cats followed the17400-400-018-018-突破突破提升提升3 3mice mice and learned to accept people.Finally,some

40、of the and learned to accept people.Finally,some of the cats began to grow comfortable around people.These were cats began to grow comfortable around people.These were smaller cats that needed protection.As these cats and smaller cats that needed protection.As these cats and people got used to each

41、other,then they moved in together.people got used to each other,then they moved in together.Around 5,000 years ago,cats started to live with people.Around 5,000 years ago,cats started to live with people.Soon cats were in Greece,then the Middle East and China.Soon cats were in Greece,then the Middle

42、 East and China.They moved along Egyptian business roads keeping away mice They moved along Egyptian business roads keeping away mice and keeping people around them.After the Romans came to and keeping people around them.After the Romans came to Egypt,they also accepted the cats and brought them to

43、Egypt,they also accepted the cats and brought them to Europe.These cats likely bred with other cats to form the Europe.These cats likely bred with other cats to form the many kinds of house cats we have today.many kinds of house cats we have today.18400-400-018-018-突破突破提升提升3 3.Cats are relatively re

44、cent house animals.House cats Cats are relatively recent house animals.House cats still have a lot in common with their wild relatives.Cats still have a lot in common with their wild relatives.Cats sleep a lot to save energy just like wild cats.They will sleep a lot to save energy just like wild cat

45、s.They will often get food at night as well.House cats are generally often get food at night as well.House cats are generally peaceful and friendly,but be careful!If a cat feels it peaceful and friendly,but be careful!If a cat feels it is in danger,it will fight backjust like a wild cat!is in danger

46、,it will fight backjust like a wild cat!【主旨大意】【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了家猫的驯化过程。家猫从本文是一篇说明文。介绍了家猫的驯化过程。家猫从非洲的野猫被人类驯化去捕捉老鼠保护谷物，一直到现在世界各地非洲的野猫被人类驯化去捕捉老鼠保护谷物，一直到现在世界各地的家猫都在保护着人类谷物的安全，文章最后列举了几个它们跟野的家猫都在保护着人类谷物的安全，文章最后列举了几个它们跟野猫相似的地方。猫相似的地方。19题：题：What What does the text mainly talk about?does the text mainly tal

47、k about?A.The development of house cats.A.The development of house cats.B.Different cats in different countries.B.Different cats in different countries.C.The relationship between cats and people.C.The relationship between cats and people.D.The differences between house cats and wild catsD.The differ

48、ences between house cats and wild cats.20题：题：Whats the best title of this passage?Whats the best title of this passage?A.Cats Development A.Cats Development B.Peoples Development B.Peoples Development C.Cats in Africa C.Cats in Africa D.Cats and Mice D.Cats and Mice21Thanks for your listening!Thanks for your listening!22