新人教版高中英语必修1优质课件：Discovering-Useful-Structures—Basic-Sentence-Structures.pptx

1、Welcome UnitPART 1语法导学PART 2达标检测Discovering Useful StructuresBasic Sentence StructuresPART 1语法导学语法导学写出下列句子中画线部分的成分写出下列句子中画线部分的成分1.Birds fly._2.The early bird catches the worm._3.They are birds of a feather._4.I heard the birds singing merrily._5.She bought the bird a cage._6.There is a picture on th

2、e wall._语法感知主语主语宾语宾语表语表语宾语补足语宾语补足语间接宾语；直接宾语间接宾语；直接宾语主语主语一、句子成分一、句子成分构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。宾补、定语和状语等。1.主语主语(subject)主语是一个句子所叙述的主体、动作的发出者，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、主语是一个句子所叙述的主体、动作的发出者，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等构成。代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等构成

3、。The future is bright；the road is tortuous.前途前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。是光明的，道路是曲折的。To swim in the river is a great pleasure.在在河里游泳是件快乐的事。河里游泳是件快乐的事。When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.我们我们将什么时候进行英语测试仍然没决定将什么时候进行英语测试仍然没决定。语法精析2.表语表语(predicative)表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态，在系动词表语说明主语的身份、特征和状态，在系动词(

4、be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem等等)之后。表语由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动之后。表语由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语及表语从句构成。名词、介词短语及表语从句构成。Our English teacher is an American.我们的英语老师是个美国人。我们的英语老师是个美国人。His job is to teach English.他的工作就是教英语。他的工作就是教英语。The truth is that he has never been abroad.事实就是他从来都没出过国事实就是他从来都没出过国。3.宾

5、语宾语(object)宾语是动作的施加对象或承受者，在及物动词后，或宾语是动作的施加对象或承受者，在及物动词后，或“不及物动词相应介词不及物动词相应介词”后。宾语由名词性的词充当。宾语按词性分为：动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构后。宾语由名词性的词充当。宾语按词性分为：动词宾语和介词宾语，分别构成动宾结构和介宾结构。成动宾结构和介宾结构。They went to see an exhibition yesterday.他们他们昨天去看展览了。昨天去看展览了。I think(that)he is fit for his office.我我认为他适合做办公室工作。认为他适合做办公室工作。有些动词后边需要

6、跟双宾语，指人的是间接宾语；指物的是直接宾语。有些动词后边需要跟双宾语，指人的是间接宾语；指物的是直接宾语。Lend me your dictionary，please.请请把你的词典借给我把你的词典借给我(用一下用一下)。Give me a book.给我一本书给我一本书。4.宾语补足语宾语补足语(object complement)有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从的意义完整。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和

7、从句充当。句充当。Do you consider him trust-worthy?你认为他可靠吗？你认为他可靠吗？The manager asked the college student to come in.经理让那个大学生进去。经理让那个大学生进去。We found everything in the lab in good order.我们发现试验室的一切秩序井然我们发现试验室的一切秩序井然。5.定语定语(attribute)修饰名词、代词的词称为定语。可由单词、短语、从句充当。定语有形容词的修饰名词、代词的词称为定语。可由单词、短语、从句充当。定语有形容词的特征。特征。Guilin

8、 is a beautiful city.桂林是个美丽的城市。桂林是个美丽的城市。There are thirty women teachers in our school.我们学校有我们学校有30名女教师。名女教师。He is reading an article about how to learn English.他在读一篇怎样学好英语的论文他在读一篇怎样学好英语的论文。6.状语状语(adverbial)修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语。状语种类：原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式

9、状语、伴随状语、目状语。状语种类：原因状语、条件状语、地点状语、方式状语、伴随状语、目的状语、结果状语、让步状语、比较状语。的状语、结果状语、让步状语、比较状语。Light travels most quickly.光的传播速度非常快。光的传播速度非常快。He has lived in the city for ten years.他已经在该市住了他已经在该市住了10年。年。Once you begin，you must continue.一旦开始了，你必须继续下去一旦开始了，你必须继续下去。二二、基本句子结构、基本句子结构1.主语不及物动词主语不及物动词(SV)The temperature

10、 has changed.温度变了。温度变了。The car wont start.这车发动不起来。这车发动不起来。We all breathe，drink and eat.我们我们都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。都要呼吸、喝水和吃饭。2.主语及物动词宾语主语及物动词宾语(SVO)He pretended not to see us.他假装没有看见我们。他假装没有看见我们。She usually puts off carrying out her promise.她她通常拖延履行她的诺言。通常拖延履行她的诺言。No one really understands the grief or joy of o

11、thers.没有人真正理解别人的悲伤和快乐没有人真正理解别人的悲伤和快乐。3.主语系动词表语主语系动词表语(SP)He became a teacher of English.他他成了一名英语教师。成了一名英语教师。My brothers are all college students.我我的弟弟们都是大学生。的弟弟们都是大学生。His voice sounded strange to her.他他的声音在她听来有些怪。的声音在她听来有些怪。温馨提示温馨提示英语中的系动词有：英语中的系动词有：be动词、感官动词动词、感官动词(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等等)、表变

12、化类动词表变化类动词(如如get，become，turn，go，grow，come等等)、表保持类动词、表保持类动词(如如keep，stay，remain等等)。4.主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语直接宾语和间接宾语叫作双宾语)(SVIODO)My sister told me a long story.我我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。I lent him a reference book.我借他一本参考书。我借他一本参考书。He allows himself no rest.他不让自己休息。他不让自己休息。5.

13、主语及物动词宾语宾补主语及物动词宾语宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(SVOC)They made her happy.他们让她快乐。他们让她快乐。She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week.她让我们等她的回音等了一个多星期。她让我们等她的回音等了一个多星期。I often hear her sing the German song in her lovely voice.我时常听到她用迷人的声音唱这首德国歌曲我时常听到她用迷人的声音唱这首德国歌曲。6.主语不及物动词状语主语不及物动词状语(SVA)My pare

14、nts live in Taibei.我的父母住在台北。我的父母住在台北。John has gone to buy books.约翰去买书了。约翰去买书了。7.主语及物动词宾语状语主语及物动词宾语状语(SVOA)The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.大风把落叶从地面上刮了起来。大风把落叶从地面上刮了起来。They know us very well.他们非常了解我们。他们非常了解我们。He brought his brother to see me.他带着弟弟来看我他带着弟弟来看我。8.There be.There arent ma

15、ny books on the shelf.书架书架上没有多少书。上没有多少书。There is a chair，two desks，and a bed in the room.房间里有一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。房间里有一把椅子、两张桌子和一张床。There are some books，dictionaries and magazines on the table.桌子桌子上有些书、字典和杂志。上有些书、字典和杂志。温馨提示温馨提示在在there be句型中，句型中，be的单复数与最靠近的名词的单复数保持一致。的单复数与最靠近的名词的单复数保持一致。单句语法填空单句语法填空1.I love

16、 coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I (make)over the years.(2019全国全国)2.They also shared with us many (tradition)stories about Hawaii that were (huge)popular with tourists.(2019全国全国)3.If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，s

17、o perhaps we should all give a try.(2018全国全国)高考链接高考链接have madetraditionalhugelyit/running4.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it _(be)more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018全国全国)5.When the gorillas and I frightened each other，I was ju

18、st glad to find _(they)alive.(2018全国全国)6.Once his message was delivered，he allowed me (stay)and watch.(2018全国全国)7.Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.(2018浙江浙江)isthemto stayit8.I still remember (visit)a friend who

19、d lived here for five years and I (shock)when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.(2018浙江浙江)visitingwas shockedPART 2达标检测1.There is an old man coming here._2.To do todays homework without the teachers help is very difficult._3.How many new words did you learn last class？_4.The old man si

20、tting at the gate said he was ill._5.Why is he worried about Jim?_6.She was the first to learn about it._7.The man downstairs was trying to sleep._8.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus._.写出下列句子中画线部分的成分写出下列句子中画线部分的成分主语主语主语主语宾语宾语宾语宾语表语表语定语定语定语定语宾补宾补9.Every night he heard the noise upstairs._10.Mr Li is going

21、 to teach us history next term._11.I poured my drink down the sink._12.We found nobody in._状语状语间接宾语；直接宾语间接宾语；直接宾语状语状语宾补宾补13.Someone .(SVOC)有人已经证明这个理论是错误的。有人已经证明这个理论是错误的。14.My friend is going to .(SVIODO)我的朋友打算给我做顿饭吃。我的朋友打算给我做顿饭吃。15.The weather .(SP)天气变得冷多了。天气变得冷多了。16.They .(SVOA)他们举行了一个晚会来庆祝他们举行了一个晚会来庆祝(celebrate)他们的成功。他们的成功。17.in the bottle.(There be.)瓶子里没有墨水了。瓶子里没有墨水了。has proved the theory wrongcook me a mealhas turned much coldergave a party to celebrate their successThere is no ink.根据括号内要求完成句子根据括号内要求完成句子