初中语法形容词和副词用法总结课件.ppt

1、形容词和副词 指导老师：龚老师1适用范围：八年级数词 一、本课目标二、形容词（定义，用法，变形，比较级和最高级）三、副词四、随堂练习2一、本课目标1.了解形容词和副词的基本概念和用法2.熟悉形容词和副词的词汇转换。3.重点掌握的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级3形容词和副词二、形容词1.形容词的定义和位置形容词的定义和位置定义：表示人或事物的属性和特征，起到修饰和描绘名词的作用。形容词的位置A、放在be后面，修饰主语 E.g：she is beautiful。B、放在名词前，修饰名词。Eg：she is a beautiful girl。C、修饰不定代词是要放在不定代词的后面Eg：I have s

2、omething important to tell you。2.形容词的词性转化形容词的词性转化1)名词+y 变形容词 e.g.Sunsunny rain-rainy wind-windy cloud-cloudy use-useful2)名词+ful（满的、全部）less（少的、完全不）变形容词e.g.care -ful careful 小心的 -less careless粗心的help helpful有用的 helpless无助的43).名词+ly 变形容词 e.g.Friend-friendly 友好的 dead-deadly致命的 love-lovely可爱的 Lone-lonely

3、孤独的 like-likely可能的 live-lively活泼的4)其他变身方法A.-ing形容词 修饰物 这类形容词多由及物动词变成e.g.alarming使人惊动的amazing令人惊奇的B.-ed形容词 修饰人 大多数-ed形容词都以及物动词有关，是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义多数为品质的形容词e.g.Tired疲倦的 troubled麻烦的 worried忧虑的 surprised 惊奇的 pleased高兴的5a red applea round tabletall buildingsa Japanese girlan old bike表颜色表颜色表国籍表国籍表形状表形

4、状表新旧表新旧表长短表长短3.形容词的用法意义系动词：Be/look/get/keep/turn/feel/become/seem/grow/smell形容词作表语放在连系动词之后。形容词作表语放在连系动词之后。e.g.She looks beautiful.4.形容词的比较级和最高级形容词的比较级和最高级1）一般规则L未尾加-er,-est eg：greatgreater-the greatest2）以 不 发 音 的 e 结 尾 e g：n i c e-n i c e r t h e n i c e s t3)“以辅音字母+y”要把“y”变 i”再加-er,-est e.g.e a s y

5、-e a s i e r t h e e a s i e s t b u s y-b u s i e r b u s i e s t4)以重读闭音节结尾，即“辅音+元音+辅音”结尾的要双写最后一个字母在加-er,-e s t e g：h o t-h o t t e r -t h e h o t t e s t5)三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能在形容词前面加more，most 表示它们的比较级和最高级E g：i m p o r t a n t-)m o r e i m p o r t a n t -t h e m o s t i m p o r t a n t 76)不规则变化原级 比较级 最高

6、级good/well better bestbad/ill worse the worstold older/elder the oldest/eldestmuch/many more mostlittle less leastfar farther/further farthest/furthest8补充：1)比较级的修饰词有：much、far、even、a little、a lot、rather（稍微，有点）、stillEg：you look much happier than you did yesterday。2）、比较级前面还可以加其他表示数量的词Eg：my sister is te

7、n years younger than me。3）、序数词（first、second）只修饰最高级Eg：Africa is the second largest continent 非洲是第二大洲5、very 可修饰最高级.Eg：this is the very best.95、形容词各级的用法1）.原级用法：asas;not as(so)as表示“和一样”“与不一样”e.g.Tam is as tall as jamWell give you as much help as we can.注意：在否定句中不能用比较级2）.比较级的用法a、比较级+than e.g.She is taller

8、 than his sister b、表示两者之间“比 更”可用状语much,a little,even等修饰：e.g.He made fewer mistakes than I did.E.g.He is even richer than I.C、比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越”e.g.Your English is getting better and betterD、the+比较级 the+比较级，表示“越是越e.g.The harder you work,the greater progress youll make 103).最高级：形容词最高级前必须加the,副词最高级前常省

9、略the，后面多用of，in短语表示范围：eg：He is the tallest of the three.补充：形容词的特殊用法1)某些形容词放在定冠词the之后，变成名词，常表示一类人常见的形容词有：good、rich、poor、young、old、deaf、blind、black、white、living、deadEg：The old often think of old things老年人经常回想往事。2）序数词（first、second）只修饰最高级Eg：Africa is the second largest continent 非洲是第二大洲113)多个形容词修饰一个名词时，其

10、顺序为：数词-限定词描写性形容词限定词有（冠词指示代词形容词性物主代词）描绘性形容词有（大小、长短、高低、形状、年龄、新旧、颜色等）Eg：a small round table /a tall white building 国籍地区出处物质材料用途类别+名词Eg：a famous American medical school冠词品质形容词颜色形容词类别形容词+名词Eg：a small yellow wooden table冠词品质大小年岁颜色国家分词+名词Eg：a beautiful old red French hand made cupboard。12三、副词三、副词1.副词的分类副词的

11、分类地点副词：ahead,in、inside、down、away、here、up、常放在谓语动词之后 e.g：He went away频率副词：never,often,sometimes,always.E.g.I play basketball on Saturday.方式副词：slowly、happily、quickly、sadly 等常放在被修饰的动词之后或句末Eg:He ran quickly 程度副词：very、much、quite、常放在被它修饰的形容词，副词或动词的前面Eg：The book is very good语气副词：luckily、besides、obviously 常放

12、在句首，修饰全句，表示强调说明或表示说话人的语气和态度 E.g：unfortunately，he wont be here tomorrow evening时间副词：today、yesterday、ago、before、just、now、tomorrow、last确切的时间副词可放在句首或句末13用用 法法例例 句句I dont speak English well.Reading is very important.He didnt run fast enough.Luckily,she didnt hurt badly.修饰形容词修饰形容词修饰动词修饰动词修饰副词修饰副词修饰全句修饰全句2

13、.副词的用法副词的用法3.副词的易错考点副词的易错考点1）almost、nearly的用法：两者均可作“几乎”的意思，有时可通用。区别：a、almost比nearly在程度上更接近些，感情色彩更浓，但不如nearly客观。b、可以说not nearly但不可以说 not almost2）、all together 与 altogether的用法区别all together 指一个群体中的每一位，意为“每个人都，每件东西都”Eg：he put the books all together on the bookshelf.b、altogether 做副词用，意为“总共、完全、总体来说、总数”Eg

14、：I dont altogether agree with you opinion2）有许多副词是对应的形容词加 ly构成 e.g.strongstrongly realreally注意：部分词词尾是y的要把y变为i再加 ly,e.g.:busy-busily happy-happily以e结尾的,大部分直接加-ly,如:wide -widely brave-bravely 有几个特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y,如:true truly terrible-terribly153.形容词和副词为一体的单词形容词和副词为一体的单词fast /deep hard /close /well /high/

15、low /last /late /earlywell 身体好的(adj.)He is very well.好地(adv.)He swims well.hard 困难的；坚硬的(adj.)It is hard work.努力地 (adv.)He woks hard.hardly 几乎不 (adv.)它和hard没关系 e.g.I can hardly speak French.fast既是形容词也是副词,“快的/地”类似的还有high,early,late.16四、随堂练习1.We dont care if a hunting dog smells .But we really dont wan

16、t him to smell .A.well;well B.bad;bad C.well;badly D.badly;bad2.A road goes from one place to another.A.straight,straight B.straightly,straightly C.straight;straightly D.straightly;straight3.“Oh,how fat he is!”But I think he is than fat”.A.short B.shorter C.much short D.shortest4.The man was not _ w

17、hen he heard the _ words.A.frightening;frightening B.frightened;frightened C.frightening;frightened D.frightened;frightening5.-Im sorry.Im late.My watch is a few minutes A.slower B.slowly C.more slowly D.slow176.The song sounds .A.sweet B.nicely C.well D.moved7.Looking _ at his mother,the little boy

18、 looked _.A.happy,good B.happy,well C.sadly,sad D.sad,sadly 8.This work is _ for me than for you.A.difficult B.most difficult C.much difficult D.more difficult 9.Who jumped _ of all?A.far B.farther C.farthest D.the most far 10.Tom is one of _ boys in our class.A.tallest B.taller C.the tallest D.the tall11.She was sick yesterday,but she is to go to school today.A.Good enough B.enough good C.well enough D.enough well12.It is important exercise every morning.A.of you to take B.for you to take .C.of you taking D.for you taking18THANK YOU！19