初中时态讲解-现在完成时课件.ppt

1、复习目录现在完成时态的定义现在完成时态的结构现在完成时态的否定，疑问形式现在完成时态的用法现在完成时态与一般过去式的比较1.现在完成时的概念 1）表示过去发生或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果；2）表示过去已经开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。E.g.He has learned English since 2001.pastnowfuture现在完成时现在完成时一般过去式一般过去式现在进行时现在进行时一般将来时一般将来时2.现在完成时的结构 现在完成时的构成：Have/has +done助动词助动词 过去分词过去分词主语+have/has+过去分词+宾语+状语Have:第一、二第一、二/复

2、数复数Has:第三人称单数第三人称单数规则动词：直，去，双，变规则动词：直，去，双，变不规则动词：不规则动词：AAA，ABB，ABA，ABC规则动词(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“ed”。work-worked-worked,visit-visited-visited (2)以“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。live-lived-lived (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i，再加“ed”。study-studied-studied,cry-cried-cried (4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ed”。stop-stopped-stop

3、ped,drop-dropped-dropped 重点1：写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词 Work _ _ Live _ _ Stay _ _ Stop _ _ Clean _ _ Study _ _worked workedlived livedstayed stayedstopped stoppedcleaned cleanedstudied studied不规则动词 AAA型 cost cost cost；cut cut cut AAB型 beat beat beaten ABA型 run ran run；come came come become became become ABB型

4、buy bought bought；build built built ABC型 begin began begun；choose chose chosen3.现在完成时的否定与疑问 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词have或has后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。否定句疑问句I have not(havent)studied.Have I studied?You have not(havent)studied.Have you studied?He has not(hasnt)studied.Has he studied?例题例题Rewrite the sentences.1.I

5、have been to Shanghai before.(改为否定句)I _ _ been to Shanghai before.2.He hasnt come to school because he was ill.(就划线部分提问)_ _ he come to school?havenotWhyhasnt重点2：现在完成时态的否定与疑问比较have been to/in和have gone toHe has gone to Shanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他他(曾经曾经)去过上海。去过上海。have(has)been

6、 in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since,for,how long 等。例如：Mr.Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。小结词组含义搭配Have gone to到某地去了，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。说话时该人不在现场 Have been to曾经去过某地，现在已经不在那里了。just,ever,never Have been in在某地呆多长时间 since,for,how long 重点3 have been to/in和have gone to 的对比例题 1.Jane h

7、as _ to BeiJing.She will come back tomorrow.A.been B.never been C.went D.gone 2.Hello,this is Mr.Green speaking.Can I speak to Mr.Black?-Sorry.He _ the Bainiao Park.A.has been to B.has gone to C.went to D.will go to 3.-_ you ever _ to the US?-Yes,twice.A.Have,gone B.Have,been C,Do,go D.were,goingBBD

8、4.现在完成时的用法 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经说话之前已经完成的动作完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响结果或影响。(汉语中常用“已经”、“过”、“了”等表达）通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already,before,yet,never,ever ,two times等状语连用。例如：My daughter has just gone out.我女儿刚出去。Im sure weve met before.我肯定我们以前见过面。Have you milked the cow yet?牛奶的奶挤了吗？I have never heard

9、that before.我从没听说过。2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently,lately,for,since,等。如：We havent seen you recently.最近我们没有见到你。They have been away for two years.他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday.她从周一开始就跟我们在一起了。注意：a)since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term,yesterday,the time I got there，Tuesd

10、ay,October-“自从”for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years,a while,two days等。-“长达”重点4：since和for的区别 1.Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday.2.Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3.His aunt has lived in Australia _15 days.4.Mary is in her office.She has been there _ 7 oclock.5.India has been an independent country _19

11、74.6.The bus is late.Theyve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7.Nobody lives in those houses.They have been empty _ many years.8.Mike has been ill _a long time.He has been in hospital _ October.sincesincesincesinceforforforforfor 注意：b)表示短暂意义的动词如arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用（不

12、能和since,for,how long 连用）。短暂性动词 He has come here for 2 years.The old man has died for 4 months.They have left only for 5 minutes.以上三句话可以改为：He has_ _ for 2years.The old man has _ _ for 4 months.They have _ _ only for 5 minutesbeendeadbeenout错错错错错错beenhere类似的转换还有：fall asleepbe asleep move therebe there

13、 open be open 等 巧记巧记10个瞬间性动词的转换个瞬间性动词的转换“开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家开始离去借来还，出生入死买到家”1 beginbe on6 returnbe back2 leavebe away from7 joinbe in3 gobe off8 diebe dead4 borrowkeep9 buyhave5 comebe here10 arrivebe here 注意：c)现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last year,in 1976,two days ago,just now一般过去式（错）（错）Tom has writ

14、ten a letter to his parents last night.（对）（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.5.现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，情对现在的影响，强调影响强调影响。I saw this film yesterday.I have seen this film.2）一般

15、过去时）一般过去时 常与常与具体的表示过去的时间具体的表示过去的时间状语连用状语连用;现在完成时通常与现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语连用，连用，或无时间状语。或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week，ago,in1990,in October,just now,-具体的时间状语具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,so far,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,up to now,in the past few years,recently,-模糊的时间状语模糊的时间状语 She joined the League three years ago.(加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的)She has been in the League for three years(since three years ago).(在团内的状态可延续在团内的状态可延续)She has been a League member for three years(since three years ago).(是团员的状态可持续是团员的状态可持续)