人教版八年级英语下册知识点全总结!(2020年整理)x课件.pptx

1、人教版最新八年级英语下册知识点全总结！Unit1 what s the matter?1.Its+形形容容词词+for sb.+to do sth.做做某事对某事对某某人来人来说说是是的的。Its important to do sth.做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要 的.Its easy to do sth.做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的。2.情情态动态动词词 should 的的用用法法should 是情态动

2、词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。意为应 该.。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg.-I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。-You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。3.maybe 与与 may be1maybe 是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA,too.他可能也来自美国。2may be 中的 may 为情态动词，译为“可能

3、是.”。如：He may be from the USA,too.他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师。1人教版最新八年级英语下册知识点全总结！I t s +形容词+24.few、a few、little、a little 的的区区别和别和联联系系：1few/a few 用来修饰可数名词，few 表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示肯定意义，有几个。例如：He has few friends here,he feels lonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There are a few eggs in the bas

4、ket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。2little/a little 用来修饰不可数名词，little 表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a little 表示肯定意义，有一点儿。例如：There is little ink in my bottle.Can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里 没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？5.notuntil直直到到(否定句否定句)才才.，动动词词为短暂为短暂性性或瞬或瞬间间性动性动词词。She didnt leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up.=He didnt go sho

5、pping until/before he got up.until/till直到.（肯定句）动词为延续性动词We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.Unit2 Ill help clean the city parks.1.短短语动语动词词小小结结常见动词短语结构有下面几种：（1）动词+副词 如：give up 放弃；turn off 关掉；stay up 熬夜2 4.f e w、a f e w、l i t t l e、a l i t t l e 3这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也

6、可放 在短语动词后。2动词+介词 如：listen of 听；look at 看；belong to 属于 这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。3动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出；run out of 用完，耗 尽4动词+名词+介词 如：take part in 参加；catch hold of 抓住2.each 每个，各自的，强调事物的个别情况，常与 of 连用every 每个，每一个的，一切的，有“全体”的意思不能与 of 连用3.help sb.(to)do 帮 助 某 人 做 某 事 help him(to)study help sb.with sth.帮助某

7、人做某事 help him with English help do帮助做某事help study4.spend.doing.花费花费做做I spent a day visiting Beijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spend on sth.花费在 I spent 3 years on English.5.join 参加 (指参加团体、组织)如：join the Party 入党take part in 参加 (指参加活动)如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会6.run out 与与 run out of（1）run out(become used

8、 up).其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油 等，本身就含有被动意义。3 这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动4His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花光了。Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了。（2）run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。He is always running out of money before pay day.他总是在发工资的 日子还没有到就把钱花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换如：The petrol is running out.汽油快用完了=We are running out

9、of petrol.Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了。=We are running out of time.7.work out1结局，结果为The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的这个策略 效果很好。2算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）He never seems to be worked out.他好像永远不会疲乏似的。He worked out a plan.他制订了一个计划。I have worked out our total expenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用。8.ha

10、ng out 闲闲 荡荡 闲闲 逛逛I like to hang out at mall with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心 闲荡。4 H i s m o n e y s o o n r a n o u t.他的钱很快59.be able to do 能，会be unable to do 不能，不会10.for sure确确实实如如此，毫此，毫无无疑疑问问You dont have money.Thats for sure.你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。11.fill with 使使充满充满用用填充填充She filled the bowl with water.她用水

11、填满碗。12.hand out分发hand out bananasgive out 分发give out sth to sb.分.给某人 give up doing 放 弃give up smoking 放弃吸烟 give away 赠 送 捐赠give away money to kids give sb.sth.给某人某东西give me money 给我钱give sth.to sb.给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线13.help sb.out 帮帮助助做事，解做事，解决决难难题题(摆脱摆脱困困境境)I cant work out this math problem

12、.Please help me out.我不能算出这道 数学问题，请你帮我解决。14.train n.火火车车v.训训 练练train sb.to do.训练某人做某事She trains her dog to fetch things.她训练她的狗去取东西。15.at once=right away 立刻 马上 如：Do it at once.马上去做。Ill go there at once/right away.我马上去那里。5 b e a b l e t o d o 能，会616.one day 有一天(指将来/过去)some day 有一天(指将来)如：One day I went

13、to Beijing.有一天我去了北京。Some day Ill go to Beijing.有一天我将去北京。Unit3 Could you please clean your room?1.关关于于 to 的短的短语总语总结结have to do sth.不得不/必须做某事need to do sth.需要做某事 hate to do sth.讨厌做某事 like to do sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想做某事 love to do sth.热爱做某事 forget to do sth.忘记做某事 start to do sth.开始做某事 begin to do

14、sth.开始做某事ask sb to do sth.请某人做某事2.-Could you please clean your room?-Yes,sure./Sorry,I cant.I have to do my homework first.-Could I please use the car?-Sure./Certainly./Of course./No,you cant.I have to go out.在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，6 1 6.o n e d a y 有一天(指将来/过去)U n i t 37委婉或不确定的语气，而

15、can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助 或请求允许时，除了 can,could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有 不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?作允答可以各种各样：如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes,(do)please.或 Of course.(you may/can).或 Thats OK/all right.如果不同意，可以说 Im sorry

16、you cant.或 Im really sorry,but I have to use it today.要避免说 No,you cant.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委 婉语气。Unit4 Why dont you talk to your parents?1.get(1)买get sth.for sb.=get sb.sth.为某人买某物Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping?=Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping?(2)得到，到达Where did you get

17、thebook?When didyou get the letter?He got home late last night.7 委婉或不确定的语气，而 c a n 则不具备这些语气。这种情况8（3）使，让，get+宾语+宾补使某人/某物怎么样Please get you coat clean.Get your mouth closed.get sb.to do sth.使某人做某事I got him to call Jim yesterday.（4）(逐渐)变得.The weather gets warmer and days get longer.Why did the teacher g

18、et angry?2.how about/what about后跟后跟名名词词/代代词词/动动词词 ing 形式。形式。1向对方提出建议或请求How about going out for a walk?How about something to eat?2向对方征求意见或看法How about the TV play?How about buying the house now?(3)询问天气或身体情况How about the weather in Hainan Island?How about your parents?Are they living with you?(4)谈话中承接

19、上下文Im forty years old.How about you?Im from Beijing.How about you?3.receive 收收 到到8（3）使，让，g e t +宾语+宾补使某人/某物怎么样9The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday.receive a letter from=get a letter from=heard from 收到某人的信Ireceived a letter from my parents last Sunday.=I got a letter from my pare

20、nts last Sunday.=I heard from my parents last Sunday.accept接受接受He couldnt accept our suggestions but our gifts.She was very glad to receive the invitation.I received an invitation to the party,but I refused to accept it.4.a 6-year-old child 一一个个六岁六岁的的孩孩子子6-year-old 是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，作前置定语，修饰后面的名

21、词 child。“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：afive-year-old girl一个五岁的女孩a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典5.too.to 太太而而不不能能 too 后跟形容词或副词原形,to 后跟动词原形,构成不定式，句子的主语与动词 不定的主语不一时,可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语 for sb。He is too young to join the army(军队).他年纪太小，

22、不能去参军。9 T h e g i r l w a s h a p p y t o r e c e i v e10The math problem is too difficult for me to workout.这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。too.to可以与 enough to 和 sothat转换.She is too young to do the work.=She isnt old enough to do the work.Tom is too tired to walk any farther.=Tom is so tired that he cant walk any

23、 farther.6.pay,spend,cost,take的的区区别别（1）pay花费(多少钱),主语是人。sb.pay some money for sth.I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week.我上个星期花了 5000 买电脑。（2）spend花费(多少钱或时间)，主语是人。sb.spend some money on sth.sb.spend some time(in)doingsth.I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week.She spent 2 hours(in)doing her h

24、omework.她花了 2 个小时做作业。3cost花费(多少钱),主语是物。sth.cost sb.some money.This jacket cost him 200 dollars.这件夹克衫花费她 200 美元。4take 花费(时间)，主语形式主语为 It.It takes sb.some time to do sth.花费某人多少时间做某事How long does it take sb.to do sth?花费某人多少时间做某事?1 0 T h e m a t h p r o b l e m i s t o o d i f11It took Liu Hong 2 hours t

25、o do her homework.刘红花了 2 个小时做作业。7.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fall asleep,be asleep（1）sleep动词,睡觉,强调动作。I am very tired.I want to sleep.我很累，想睡觉。2sleeping,sleep 的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”。Dont make so much noise.The baby is sleeping.不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。3sleepy想睡觉的,困倦的。I am a little sleepy.Id like to go to bed.我有点困了，我想去床上

26、睡觉了。4asleep 睡着了的。The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school.老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。5fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间。I couldnt fall asleep until it was very late last night.我昨天晚上到很晚才 睡着。（6）beasleep 表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间。He was asleep for three hours.他睡了 3 个小时。8.open(1)动

27、词,打开 ,开业,开张,展现Would you mind opening the window?你介意我把窗户打开吗？(2)形容词,be open 开着的,开放的On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public.在周末，这个游泳 池是对公众开放的。1 1 I t t o o k L i u H o n g 2 h o u r s t o 129.close动词,关闭,关上,合上closed形容词,be closed关着的,关闭的10.encourage动词,鼓励,激励encourage sb.to dosth.鼓励某人做某事Parents

28、should encourage children to do things by themselves.家长们应该要鼓励孩子们自己动手做事情。11.progress 名词,“进步,进展”make progress“取得进步,取得进展”Tom is now making great progress at school.汤姆现在在学校的进步很大。12.take an interest in(doing)sth.对(做)某事感兴趣否定表达是take no interest in(doing)sth.对(做)某事不感兴趣Do you take an interest in English?你对英语

29、感兴趣吗？Most children take an interest in playing computer games.大多数孩子对电 脑游戏很感兴趣。13.make friends with sb.和某人交朋友Would you like to make friends with us?你想和我们交朋友吗？Unit5 What were you doing when the rainstormcame?1.arrive at 到达(小地方)arrive in 到达(大地方)1 2 c l o s e动词,关闭,关上,合上U n i t 5 W13reach 到 达get to 到 达I

30、arrived in Beijing last night.=I reached Beijing last night.=I got to Beijing last night.如果宾语是副词 here,there,home,要把 at/in/to 省略。arrive here/there/home get here/there/home2.in front of在 的前面(某一范围外的前面)in the front of 在 的前面(某一范围内的前面)There are some big trees in front of the classroom building.在教室的前面 有一些大

31、树。I like sitting in the front of the taxi.我喜欢坐在出租车的前排位置。3.take off1起飞When did the plane take off yesterday?飞机什么时候起飞？2脱下(衣帽等)He took off his coat as soon as he went into the room.他一进房间就脱掉了 外套。3取消They will take off the 5 am train.他们取消了早上 5 点的火车。4.get out(of)从从离离开开/出去出去/下来下来A car stopped and a girl got

32、 out of it.1 3 r e a c h 到 达14但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来,用 get off5.follow1跟随I followed him up he hill.我跟着他上了山.2沿着前进 Follow this road until you get to the post office.顺着这 条路一直到邮局.3听懂，理解 Could you speak more slowly?I cant follow you.你能说 慢点吗？我听不懂。4follow sb.to do sth.跟着某人做某事Please follow me to read the story.

33、请跟我读这个故事。6.shout at大大声喊声喊叫叫，多指，多指因因生气生气而而非善非善意意的大声的大声叫叫喊喊Dont shout at the little boy.He is too young.不要对他大叫，他还太小。shout to 大大声声喊叫喊叫，多指因多指因距距离远离远而而不得不得不不大声叫大声叫喊喊We should shout to him,or he cant hear us.我们应该朝他叫喊，否则他 听不到我们的声音。7.happen 发发生生，具具体事件体事件偶偶然的然的没没有预有预见见的发的发生生（1）happen to do sth.碰巧做某事I happene

34、d to meet one of my old friends in the park yesterday.昨天我在 公园碰巧遇见我的一个老朋友。（2）sth happens to sb.某人发生了某事An car accident happened to him last month.上个月他发生了交通事故.take place 发发 生生（1）按计划进行或按计划发生1 4 但从汽车/火车/船/飞机/马匹上下来,用 g e t o f15Great changes have taken place in China in recent years.最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化.（2）(运动/

35、活动/会议等)举行The meeting will take place next Friday.运动会将于下星期五举行。take the place of 代代替替,取代取代Plastics can sometimes take the place of wood and metal.塑料有时能代替 木材和金属.take ones place坐某人坐某人的的位位置置,代代替替某某人的职人的职务务Come to take my place.my seat is near the window.来做我的位置，我的 座位靠近窗户。8.anywhere 任任何何地地方，常方，常用用于否于否定定句或句

36、或疑疑问句问句中中.Did you go anywhere last night?你昨天还去了别的地方了吗？somewhere 某个某个地方地方，用于，用于肯肯定句定句。come and see me.Then well go out somewhere.来我家找我，然后我们出 去逛逛。everywhere 处处处处,到到处处=here and thereI cant find my pen though I looked for it everywhere.尽管我到处都找过 了，还是找不到我的钢笔。11.silence 名名 词词,寂寂静静/无声无声Theres nothing but si

37、lence in the room.屋内寂静无声。1 5 G r e a t c h a n g e s h a v e t a k e n p l a16Keep in silence.保持沉默.silent 形形容容词词,沉沉默默的的,寂静的寂静的The old house was quite silent.这所老房子寂静无声。The cat moved on silent feet.那只猫无声地走动着。12.hear 听听 到到Can you hear someone knocking at the door?你听到有人敲门了吗？（1）hear of听说,后接表示人或物的词I have

38、never heard of him before.我以前从来没有听说过他。(2)hear about 听说,后接表示事件的名词Ive just heard about his illness.我刚刚听说他生病的事。Have you heard about the accident?你听说了那场事故吗?（3）hear from收到某人的来信I heard from my daughter in New York yesterday.我昨天收到在纽约的女儿 的来信。13.主主语语 +be+one of the+形形容词容词最高最高级级 +复数复数名名词词 +in/of 短短语语。是中最的之一.T

39、his was one of the most important events in modern American history.这 是美国历史上最重要的事件之一。Xiamen is one of the most beautiful cities in China.厦门是中国最漂亮的城 市之一。13.experience（1）名词经验,不可数名词 ;经历,体验,可数名词1 6 K e e p i n s i l e n c e.保持沉默.17Have you had any experience of fishing?你有钓鱼的经验吗?Could you tell us about y

40、our experiences in Africa?你能给我们谈谈你在非 洲的经历吗?（2）动词经历,感觉The children experienced many difficulties this time.这次孩子们经历了许多 困难.experienced 形 容词有经验的be experienced in/at doingsth.=have much experience in/at doing sth.做某事很有经验.She is an experienced teacher.他是一个经验丰富的教师。He is very experienced in/at repairing car

41、s.他修车很有经验。14.as as 和和 一样一样两两个个 as 之间用之间用形形容词容词或或副词副词的的原形原形。He works as carefully as she.他和她一样工作认真。She is as tall as her mother.她和母亲一样高。not as as 不如某人/某物He isnt as/so old as he looks.他不像看起来那么老。She doesnt run as/so fast as her brother.她不如她哥哥跑得那么快。15.have fun=have a good/great/wonderful time=enjoy ones

42、elf玩玩得开心得开心，过得过得愉愉快快Did you have fun at the party?昨天在派对上玩的开心吗？=Did you have a good/great/wonderful time?1 7 H a v e y o u h a d a n y e x p e r i e n c e 18=Did you enjoy yourself?have fun doing sth.开心做开心做某某事事Im just having fun playing the guitar.我正开心的弹吉他呢。16.accident 事事故故,意意外遭外遭遇遇He was killed in a

43、n accident.他死于一起意外事故.traffic accident 交通事故Many people die in traffic accidents every year.每年有很多人死于交通事 故。by accident偶然,意外地We met at the airport by accident.我们偶然在机场遇见。18.think about考考虑虑(某某个计个计划划)They are thinking about moving to Beijing.他们考虑搬去北京。think of认为What do you think of the movie?=how do you lik

44、e the movie?你认为这部电影怎么样?think over 仔细思考We need a few days to think over this matter.我们需要几天时间来考虑这个 事情。19.感感叹叹句句what 引引导的导的感感叹叹句句1What a beautiful girl(she is)!多么美的姑娘呀!2What a clever boy(he is)!多么聪明的男孩呀!1 8=D i d y o u e n j o y y o u r s e l f?h a193What interesting pictures(they are)!多么美的图片呀!4What ta

45、ll buildings(they are)!多么高的楼呀!5What delicious food(it is)!多么可口的食物呀!6What bad weather(it is)!多么坏的天气呀!规律：what+(a/an)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)+!名词为不可数名词或复数名词时,形容词前面不能有 a/an。how 引引导的导的感感叹叹句句7How heavy the box is!多么重的箱子呀!How fast he runs!他跑得多快呀!8How careful the girl is!多么细心的姑娘呀!How well she plays the piano!她的钢琴弹得多

46、好呀!20.过过去去进行进行时时 过去进过去进行行时的时的用用法法1过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。What were you doing at 8:30 this morning?今天早上 8 点半你正在做什么？When I called him,he was having dinner.当我打电话给他时，他正在吃饭。2过去某段时间正在进行的动作。What were you doing from seven to nine yesterday?你昨天 7 点到 9 点在做 什么？I was reading the whole morning yesterday.我昨天一整个早上都在看书。过去进过

47、去进行行时的时的构构成成（1）肯定句：主语 +was/were+动词 ing 形式+时间状语。1 9 Wh a t i n t e r e s t i n g p i c t u r e s (20（2）否定句：主语 +was/were+not+动词 ing 形式+时间状语。（3）疑问句：was/were+主语+动词 ing 形式+时间状语？肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were.否定回答：No,主语 +was/were+not.Unit6 An old man tried to move the mountains.1.What do you think about/of.?So what

48、 do you think about the story of Yu Gong?=How do you like the s tory of Yu Gong?你觉得愚公的故事如何？2.It doesnt seem adj.to do sth.It doesnt seem very possible to move a mountain.把一座山给移掉好像不 太可能。3.This is because.This is because he can make 72 changes to his shape and size,turning hi mself into different anim

49、als and objects.这是因为他会根据他的形状和大小，做出 72 种变化，可以将自己变成不同的动物或东西。4.so that+从句从句Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he can keep it in his ear.有时候他使金箍棒变得如此小以至于他可以把它放在耳朵里。5.It takes sb.some time to do sth.2 0（2）否定句：主语 +w a s /w e r e +n o21Because they were so big that it took a long time to walk to

50、 the other side.因为它们如此之大以至于走到另一边花费了很长时间。6.not.until 十十从从句句直直到到.才才.Dont eat it until you get to the forest.你们到达森林之后才能吃。7.shoot v.射射，射，射击，击，过去过去式式 shotHou Yi shoots the sun.后羿射日。shoot at sth.瞄准/朝.射击8.as soon as“一一.就就.，刚刚.就就.”I will tell him the news as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就把消息告 诉他。He took out h