情态动词讲解课件.ppt

1、一、动词分类：四种一、动词分类：四种二、情态动词特点二、情态动词特点1.情态动词不受主语（单复数情态动词不受主语（单复数人称）影响。人称）影响。2.情态动词情态动词+动词原形做谓语。动词原形做谓语。特例：特例：ought to+动词原形动词原形have to+动词原形动词原形3.否定式：情态动词否定式：情态动词+not+动词原形动词原形 疑问式：情态动词疑问式：情态动词+主语主语+动词原形动词原形?4.情态动词的基本要求：情态动词的基本要求：1）有哪些？）有哪些？2）基本意义和特殊用法。基本意义和特殊用法。三、情态动词巧妙记忆三、情态动词巧妙记忆(一一)原形和一般过去式原形和一般过去式1.ca

2、ncould2.maymight 3.shallshould4.willwould 5.have(has)tohad to（二）无形式变换的（二）无形式变换的1.must2.ought to（三）既可以做情态动词又可以做实义动（三）既可以做情态动词又可以做实义动词的词的 dare，need 做题时需要做题时需要分类讨论分类讨论（四）（四）had better used to would rather 四、高考情态动词考点一四、高考情态动词考点一shall1）一，三人称，疑问句，一，三人称，疑问句，征求对方意见或征求对方意见或请求。请求。2）二，三人称，陈述句二，三人称，陈述句,命令命令,警告警

3、告,允诺允诺,威威胁。胁。3）条约、法律、规章、预言等文件中，表）条约、法律、规章、预言等文件中，表示义务、规定。一二三人称。示义务、规定。一二三人称。2.must1）第二人称，翻译成：）第二人称，翻译成：“偏要，硬要偏要，硬要”2）表示推测时，表示推测时，只能用于只能用于肯定句。肯定句。must be 现在的动作现在的动作“肯定是肯定是”must be doing 现在正在进行的动作现在正在进行的动作“现在肯定正在做现在肯定正在做”must have done 过去发生的事情过去发生的事情“过去肯定做了某事过去肯定做了某事”3.can/could 1）表示推测时，主要用在）表示推测时，主要用

4、在否定句或疑问句中否定句或疑问句中。cant becouldnt be“肯定不是肯定不是”Its so late.Can Tom be reading?It cant be Mary.She has fallen ill.can/could not be doing“肯定不是正在做肯定不是正在做”can/could not have done“过去不可能做某事过去不可能做某事”I saw him just now so he couldnt have gone abroad.2）can/could have done 用于肯定句中用于肯定句中“本来能做本来能做”You could have h

5、ad a better mark.3）-Could(Can)you?-Yes,I can(不用不用could)-May I use your computer?-Of course you can.4)cannot（helpchoose）but+动词原形动词原形“不得不，只能不得不，只能”I cannot help but tell her the truth.cannot help it“控制不住，没有办法控制不住，没有办法”cannot too “无论怎样也不为过无论怎样也不为过”I cannot thank you too much cannot help doing sth 禁不住做某

6、事禁不住做某事5）couldnt+动词原形动词原形+比较级比较级（再（再不过了）不过了）It couldnt be better.I couldnt agree with you more.4.may/might 1)表示推测时，用于陈述句，表示把握不大。表示推测时，用于陈述句，表示把握不大。might/may（not）do sth“现在现在将来可能（没）将来可能（没）做某事做某事”mightmay（not）be doing sth“现在可能（没）正在做现在可能（没）正在做”might/may have done“过去可能做了某事过去可能做了某事”。might/may not have don

7、e“过去可能没做某过去可能没做某事事”。They may come here tomorrow.He might be doing his homework now.He might have read about the news in the newspaper.2)May+主语主语+动词原形。表示祝愿。动词原形。表示祝愿。祝你成功？祝你成功？3）maymight as well do sth=had better do sth“最好最好”You may as well stay at home tonight.5.mustnt do 表示表示“不可以，绝对不能做不可以，绝对不能做”don

8、t have to do 表示表示 “没有必要没有必要做做”=dont need to do=neednt do-Must I/he/?-No,you/he/neednt/dont doesnt have to.(不用不用mustnt)6.can do 只表示有能力只表示有能力be able to do 有能力并经过努力做成了某事。有能力并经过努力做成了某事。=manage to do=succeed in doing 7.used to do 过去常常做，现在不这样了。过去常常做，现在不这样了。否定式是否定式是 usednt to do 或者或者didnt use to do.疑问式是疑问式

9、是 used+主语主语 to do 或者或者 did+主语主语 use to do8.needdare1）做情态动词常用在）做情态动词常用在否定句和疑问句否定句和疑问句中中2）need 引起的疑问句，肯定回答用引起的疑问句，肯定回答用have to do 或或must；否定回答用；否定回答用neednt 或者或者dont have toNeed I/he/?Yes,you/he/must.(不用不用need)9.will/would1）用于）用于第二人称第二人称表请求，意志，决心，请求。表请求，意志，决心，请求。would比比will更委婉礼貌。更委婉礼貌。If you will help m

10、e with my English,I will be very happy.I promised that I would do my best.2）用于）用于第三人称第三人称表示表示习惯性动作或者某种倾向习惯性动作或者某种倾向。will表现在，表现在，would 表过去。表过去。On Sundays,he would get up early and go fishing.10.should表惊异、意外等情绪表惊异、意外等情绪,常译为常译为“竟然竟然”。11.“祈使句附加问句祈使句附加问句”结构，附加问句常用结构，附加问句常用will you形式。形式。Stand still,will y

11、ou?12.ought to（客观看法）比（客观看法）比should do（主观看（主观看法）语气强烈。都可表示推测（可能性很大）。法）语气强烈。都可表示推测（可能性很大）。ought to 的否定式是的否定式是ought not to=oughtnt to 疑问式是疑问式是ought+主语主语+to do sth13.If+主语主语+should,祈使句。祈使句。礼貌地提出建议。礼貌地提出建议。If you should see him,please give him my regards.考点一练习考点一练习1.“The interest_ be divided into five par

12、ts,according to the agreement made by both sides.”declared the judge.A.may B.should C.must D.shall2.-The room is so dirty._we clean it?-Of course.A.Will B.Shall C.Would D.Do3.-What does the sign over there read?-No person _smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area Awill Bmay Csha

13、ll D.must4.John,look at the time._ you play the piano at such a late hour？A.Must B.Can C.May D.Need5.You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady.might B.need C.should D.would考点二：情态动词考点二：情态动词+have+v-ed都是与过去行为有关都是与过去行为有关一）表示对过去发生事情的推测一）表示对过去发生事情的推测1.must have done 2.might/may

14、 have done 3.might/may not have done 4.can/could not have done 二）本来二）本来，却（没有，却（没有).1.could have done2.ought to should have done3.ought not to should not have done4.neednt have done need have done5.will have done情态动词情态动词+have+v-ed练习练习1.Mr.White _at 8：30 for the meeting，but he didnt show up.should hav

15、e arrived B.should arriveC.should have had arrived D.should be arriving2.Tom took away our teachers cell phone without being permitted.Really？I cant imagine that he _ have done such a thing.A.must B.may C.can D.should3.I have lost one of my gloves.I_ it somewhere.must drop B.must have droppedC.must

16、be dropping D.must have been dropped4.I _have been more than six years old when the accident happened.A.shouldnt B.couldnt C.mustnt D.neednt5.We _have proved great adventurers，but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A.neednt B.may not C.shouldnt D.mustnt 6.I stayed at a h

17、otel while in New York.Oh,did you?Youwith Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stayC.would stay D.must have stayed7.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday.I_ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.A.should have taken B.could have takenC.neednt have taken D.mustnt have taken8.He paid for a seat

18、,when he_ have entered free.A.could B.would C.must D.need9.I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning.She at the meeting.mustnt have spoken B.mightnt have spokenC.cant have spoken D.shouldnt have spoken10.He didnt do well in the exam.He_ hard at his lessons.must have worked B.ought to have wor

19、kedC.would have worked D.has worked 高考考题典型题目高考考题典型题目1.I thought you _like something to read,so I have brought you some books.A.may B.might C.would D.must 2.Where is my pen?I _it.A.might lose B.would have lost C.should have lost D.must have lost3.I didnt hear the phone.I _asleep A.must be B.must have

20、 been C.should be D.should have beenB D B 4.-There were already five people in the car,but they managed to take me as well.-It _a comfortable journey A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldnt have been 5.Its nearly seven oclock.Jack _be here at any moment.A.must B.need C.should D.could D

21、C6.-Did the train arrive in time?-No.It _ two hours ago.A.must have arrived B.ought to have arrivedC.must arrive D.ought to arrive7.Must I drive to his house and pick up the children?No,.A.you shouldnt B.you might not C.you neednt D.you mustntB C 8.We didnt see Tom at the meeting yesterday.He it.A.m

22、ustnt have attended B.cannot have attended C.neednt have attended D.would have not attendedB 9.There is someone knocking at the door.it be Tom?A.can B.must C.should D.ought toA 10.Two years ago,my husband bought me a bicycle.If you live in town,it is often faster than a car and you worry about parki

23、ng.A.must not B.may not C.should not D.dont have toD 11.You _ such a long composition.The teacher only asked for 300 words.You have written 600.A.mustnt have written B.couldnt have writtenC.neednt have written D.do not have to writeC 巩巩 固固 练练 习习 1.Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I _ so much fr

24、ied chicken just now.A.shouldnt eat B.shouldnt have eaten C.mustnt eat D.mustnt have eaten2.-Why hasnt Jane arrived yet?-She _ again in the morning?A.shouldnt have overslept B.may have turned off the alarm clockC.must have no one t o call herD.should have someone to wake her up3.-Did you go to the m

25、ovie the day before yesterday?-No.We _,but we decided not to.A.should have gone B.could go C.should go D.could have goneBBA4.As it turned out to be a small house party,we _ so formally.neednt dress B.didnt have to dress upC.Might not have dressed up D.neednt have dressed up5.Im rather surprised you

26、havent reported him to your teacher.In my opinion,you _ this as soon as you found out he was cheating.must have done B.might have done C.should have done D.could have done DC2.I wonder how he_that to the teacher.A.dare to say B.dare saying C.not dare say D.dared sayD4.As it turned out to be a small

27、house party,we _ so formally.A neednt dress B.didnt have to dress upC.Might not have dressed up D.neednt have dressed upD 1The flower is dead.I _ it yesterday.Ashould water Bmust water Cshould have watered Dmustnt have watered 2What time ought I _?Aarrived Barriving Carrive Dto arrive 3He _ speak to his mother like that.Aought not to Bdoesnt ought to Cnot ought to Dought to not 4I dont think wed better _ it any more.Adiscuss Bdiscussing Cto discuss Ddiscussed 5You ought to _ him,but you didnt.Ahelp Bhelped Chelping Dhave helpedC D A A D