新工科研究生英语阅读写作-课件-Unit-2.pptx-(课件无音视频)

1、Lead-in What are robots doing in the following pictures?What else could robots do for humans?What benefits and troubles will robots bring to humans?Lead-inLead-inReading A By Sophie Bushwick By leaking water,a soft robotic gripper cools itself more efficiently than humans do.Lead-inReading Arobotic

2、gripper Lead-inReading Anoun C UK/re.di.e.tr/US/re.di.e.t/a device,usually a container filled with water,that sends out heat,often as part of a heating or cooling system 暖气装置；散热器；冷却器You will need to drain the central heating system before you replace the radiator.Air can be got rid of by bleeding th

3、e radiator at the air vent.rigidadj.uk/rd.d/us/rd.d/stiff or fixed;not able to be bent or moved 僵硬的；固定的；不能弯曲 的 a table made of rigid plastic a rigid support for a tent stretchyadjective uk/stret.i/us/stret.i/Stretchy material stretches or can be stretched.（材料）有弹性的They created a stretchy polymer with

4、 firmness similar to human soft tissue.The robotic shorts are made of soft,stretchy material.inspiration noun C uk/n.spre.n/us/n.spre.n/a sudden good idea 灵感；突然想出的好主意 Dreams can be a rich source of inspiration for an artist.Both poets drew their inspiration from the countryside.Fill in the blanks us

5、ing the words you just learned.Change the forms where necessary.Some Cornell University researchers have taken their_from perspiration and developed a soft robotic gripper that automatically starts sweating when temperatures rise.Translate the following sentences into English.1.一些康奈尔大学的科研人员从出汗现象中获得灵

6、感，研发出一种能在温度升高时自动排汗的柔软的机器人手爪。Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?Write TRUE if the statement is true,FALSE if the statement is false._ The soft robotic gripper developed by Cornell University researchers automatically starts sweating when temperatures rise.Reading

7、 Aadjective uk/skw.i/us/skw.i/soft when pressed squishy pink leather chairsDr Broomell and Dr Waite were curious about the composition of the only hard parts of an otherwise squishy animal.adjective uk/dp.t.bl/us/dp.t.bl/able or willing to change in order to suit different conditions有适应能力的，能适应的；适应性強

8、的 By making the workforce more adaptable and skilled,he hopes to attract foreign investment.Rats are highly adaptable to change.。adjective uk/d.r.bl/us/dr.bl/able to last a long time without becoming damaged持久的，耐久的 Fine bone china is eminently practical,since it is strong and durable.The durable hig

9、h-impact plastic case is water resistant to 100 feet.adjective uk/vl.nr.bl/vn.r.bl/us/vl.n.bl/able to be easily physically,emotionally,or mentally hurt,influenced,or attacked易受伤的；易受影响（或攻击）的；脆弱的 In cases of food poisoning,young children are especially vulnerable.People with high blood pressure are es

10、pecially vulnerable to diabetes.noun C uk/pl.mr/us/p.l.m/a chemical substance consisting of large molecules made from many smaller and simpler molecules聚合物，聚合体 These polymers all put together can be broken down into sugar.Lots of molecules in nature get together to form long chains called polymers.n

11、oun U uk/stf.ns/us/stf.ns/the quality of being very formal and not relaxed生硬，拘谨The object of these movements is to prevent stiffness or deformity of joints.noun C uk/tret/us/tret/a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour（個人的）特征，特性，品质The study found that some alcohol

12、ics had clear personality traits showing up early in childhood.We do not know which behavioral traits are inherited and whichacquired.。Fill in the blanks using the words you just learned.Change the forms where necessary.Thanks to their squishy construction,soft robots are sometimes more adaptable an

13、d _ and can be less likely to cause injurythan their metallic counterparts.Fill in the blanks using the words you just learned.Change the forms where necessary.People with high blood pressure are especially_to diabetes.Give brief answers to the following questions.What are advantages and disadvantag

14、es of the squishy construction of soft robots?_ Translate the following sentences into English.柔软的机器人因其湿软的构造，与金属机器人相比，有时适应性和耐用性更强，受损的可能性较小。Reading ATranslate the following sentences into English.使我们真正设想出具有仿生能力的这种机器人是这个领域的主要贡献之一。以前使用传统的机器人技术，不可能做到这一点。Reading Aelitenoun C,+sing/pl verb uk/ilit/us/ilit

15、/the richest,most powerful,best-educated,or best-trained group in a society（社会）上层；掌权人物；出类拔萃的人，精英the elite troops of the presidents bodyguard Power is largely concentrated in the hands of a small elite.kilowattnoun C uk/kl.wt/us/kl.wt/a unit of power equal to 1,000 watts千瓦特a prototype system which pr

16、oduces 25 kilowatts of power The report credited gas for an increase of 166 million kilowatts an hour through October.Reading Aadjective uk/hadrl.k/us/hadr.lk/operated by or involving the pressure of water or some other liquid 水压的，液压的We do test which involves using hydraulic cylinders to apply loadi

17、ng to it.The boat has no fewer than five hydraulic pumps.verb uk/nflet/us/nflet/to make something increase in size by filling it with air （使）充气；（使）膨胀Airbags inflate instantaneously on impact to form a cushion between the driver and the steering column.With a supply of compressed air,the large balloo

18、n inflated in a matter of seconds.noun C uk/pr/us/pr/a very small hole in the skin of people or other animals,or a similar hole on the surface of plants or rocks 毛孔；气孔；小孔As part of photosynthesis,leaves open and close pores called stomata.Like human skin,soil has holes that are called pore.verb I or

19、 T uk/lik/us/lik/(of a liquid or gas)to escape from a hole or crack in a pipe or container;(of a container)to allow liquid or gas to escape（液体或气体）漏，泄漏The pools fibreglass sides had cracked and the water had leaked out.More details are now beginning to leak out.verb I or T uk/dflet/us/dflet/If someth

20、ing that has air or gas inside it deflates,or is deflated,it becomes smaller because it loses the air or gas.（使）变瘪；给放气The balloon deflated slowly.We drove a few miles until the tyre deflated and we had to stop the car.Fill in the blanks using the words you just learned.Change the forms where necessa

21、ry.Adding pores to the gripper finger would allow it to release some of its water as sweat.But the liquid would have to leak out in a controlled fashion,or the gripper would_ too quickly.Translate the following sentences into English.在手爪的手指上添加一些孔隙，它就能以出汗的方式排出自身的一些水分，但液体必须要有控制地渗漏，否则手爪就会过快地干瘪。Reading

22、A Reading Anoun U uk/del/us/del/a thick,clear,liquid substance,especially one used on the hair or body（尤指用于洗发或护肤的）凝胶，冻胶（尤指用于洗发或护肤的）凝胶，冻胶Aerogels are gels where all the liquid has been replaced with gas.气凝胶是一种内部液体全部被气体替代的凝胶。气凝胶是一种内部液体全部被气体替代的凝胶。The product is filemot gel with vegetal fragrance.本品为黄褐色

23、凝胶剂，有植物气味。本品为黄褐色凝胶剂，有植物气味。adjective uk/hl./us/h.lo/having a hole or empty space inside 空的，空心的The tree trunk was hollow inside.Bamboo is light because it is hollow.verb I or T uk/rk/us/rk/to become smaller,or to make something smaller（使）缩小，（使）变小All wood tends to shrink.If you give up exercise,your mu

24、scles shrink and fat increases.By the same token,if you expend more energy you will lose fat.noun C or U uk/teks.tr/us/teks.t/the quality of something that can be decided by touch;the degree to which something is rough or smooth,or soft or hard 质地；质感；手感 Matured over 18 months,this cheese has an open

25、,crumbly texture with a strong flavour.It has an orange flavour and smooth texture.noun U uk/vp.re.n/us/vp.re.n/the process of a liquid changing to a gas,especially by heating 蒸发 Our bodies can sweat,thereby losing heat by evaporation.the hydrochloric acid was removed by evaporation in vacuo.verb T

26、uk/p.fr.et/us/p.f.ret/to make a hole or holes in something 打孔 Were starting by drilling it,and we perforate every single hole to thread fiber-optic through every single hole.I refused to wear headphones because they can perforate your eardrums.verb T uk/p.fr.et/us/p.f.ret/to make a hole or holes in

27、something 打孔 Were starting by drilling it,and we perforate every single hole to thread fiber-optic through every single hole.I refused to wear headphones because they can perforate your eardrums.noun C or U uk/vl.jum/us/vl.jum/the amount of space that is contained within an object or solid shape 容量

28、When egg whites are beaten they can rise to seven or eight times their original volume.How do you measure the volume of a gas?Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?Write TRUE if the statement is true,FALSE if the statement is false._ Researchers perforated the outw

29、ard-facing side of fingers of soft robots with tiny pores.A.Give brief answers to the following questions.What material is used for the bulk of the finger structure of soft robots?Why?A.Give brief answers to the following questions.What material is used for the outside-facing side of fingers?Why?Lea

30、d-in Reading Aadjective before noun uk/.ml/us/.ml/connected with heat 热的，热量的Rescue teams are using thermal imaging to locate survivors of the earthquake.A new type of solar thermal system for homes that can provide heat,hot water,and electricity is being tested in Boulder,Colo.,over the next few mon

31、ths.noun C uk/sen.sr/us/sen.s/a device that is used to record that something is present or that there are changes in something 感测器The latest Japanese vacuum cleaners contain sensors that detect the amount of dust and type of floor.A sensor channels the light signal along an optical fibre.noun C uk/k

32、mp.nnt/us/kmpo.nnt/a part that combines with other parts to form something bigger组成部分；成分；零件Enriched uranium is a key component of a nuclear weapon.Hardware is the mechanical components of a computer.noun C uk/ret/us/ret/the speed at which something happens or changes,or the amount or number of times

33、 it happens or changes in a particular period率，比率；速率；速度；进度The rate at which hair grows can be agonizingly slow.His pulse rate dropped suddenly.Fill in the blanks using the words you just learned.Change the forms where necessary.Most people walk at an average_of 5 kilometers an hour.A.Give brief answ

34、ers to the following questions.What is the best part of the synthetic strategy used in the design of sweating grippers?Lead-in Reading ADo the following statements agree with the information given in the text?Write TRUE if the statement is true,FALSE if the statement is false._The sweating gripper d

35、ropped its temperature five times faster than the non-sweating version of the gripper.Lead-inReading ALead-inReading Anoun C uk/kk/us/kk/something that is wrong 缺陷Though the system is making some headway,there are still some kinks to iron out.There are still a few kinks to be worked out of the plan

36、before we start production.noun C uk/rez.vwr/us/rez.vwr/a place for storing liquid,especially a natural or artificial lake providing water for a city or other area 水库；蓄水池a large supply of something 储备；储藏The reservoir was low after the long drought.Reservoirs are areas where water is stored.In Califo

37、rnia,some reservoirs are empty.noun C uk/frk.n/us/frk.n/the force that makes it difficult for one object to slide along the surface of another or to move through a liquid or gas 摩擦力；摩擦The force of friction slows the spacecraft down as it re-enters the earths atmosphere.The pistons are graphite-coate

38、d to reduce friction.verb I or T uk/r.kl/us/r.kl/If skin or material wrinkles,or if something wrinkles it,it gets small lines or folds in it.（使）起皱纹；（使）起褶皱The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to wrinkle.Ben brushed smooth a wrinkle in his trousers.noun C uk/pr.t.tap/us/pro.t.tap/t

39、he first example of something,such as a machine or other industrial product,from which all later forms are developed 原型Chris Retzler has built a prototype of a machine called the wave rotor.The firm is testing a prototype of the weapon.adjective uk/va.bl/us/va.bl/able to work as intended or able to

40、succeed可以实施的；可望成功的Engineers are trying to come up with a commercially viable replacement for internal-combustion engines.The plane will be commercially viable if 400 can be sold.Fill in the blanks using the words you just learned.Change the forms where necessary.Grippers lose some of their _ when co

41、vered with slippery water.Fill in the blanks using the words you just learned.Change the forms where necessary.The skin on her cheeks and around her eyes was beginning to _.A.Translate the following passages into Chinese.Another issue is the fact that grippers lose some of their friction when covere

42、d with slippery water.The researchers suggest that future versions might be made of a material that wrinkles when wetlike human fingers doincreasing the ability to grip.Ultimately,the current prototype is a proof of concept:it demonstrates that perspiration is a viable cooling method for soft robots

43、 and gives scientists a platform they can continue to modify and improve.A.Give brief answers to the following questions.How might the friction of sweating grippers be increased in the future?Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?Write TRUE if the statement is true

44、,FALSE if the statement is false._ Sweating grippers lose some of their friction when covered with slippery water.Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?Write TRUE if the statement is true,FALSE if the statement is false._ Fingers of sweeping grippers could not bend

45、 at the required angles with less water in reserve.Lead-in Reading Anoun U US UK/ri:hbl.te.n/he process of returning to a healthy or good way of life,or the process of helping someone to do this afterthey have been in prison,been very ill,etc.恢复（正常生活）；康复；（囚犯）获得改造 A number of other techniques are now

46、 being used by psychologists in the rehabilitation of young offenders.The prison service has the twin goals of punishment and rehabilitation.adjective uk/kmpt.bl/us/kmpt.bl/able to exist,live together,or work successfully with something or someone else可共存的；协调的；相容的 The new system will be compatible w

47、ith existing equipment.Fujitsu took over another American firm,Amdal,to help it to make and sell machines compatible with IBM in the United States.noun U UK/k.tue.n/US/k.tue.n/the fact of making a machine start to work or a process start to happen 驱动（机器）；启动（程式）They carried out tests on the actuation

48、 of safety features.The Wolverhampton operation designs and manufactures primary and secondary flight control actuation for a number of commercial and military programs.Fill in the blanks using the words you just learned.Change the forms where necessary.John and me are very _.She is interested in th

49、e things that interest me.A.Translate the following passages into Chinese.Beyond gripping,Laschi notes,soft robots have a wide variety of potential applications.“One of them is the biomedical field,because you can apply soft robots in surgery,rehabilitation and assistance to people,”she says.Because

50、 they are more compatible with fragile human bodies,Laschi adds,these types of robots are good in situations in which a machine must make direct contact with a person.No.The elderly showed doubts and reservations.Lead-in A.Give brief answers to the following questions.Reading B1.What caused the elde