分词短语作状语讲解课件.ppt

1、 分词短语作状语讲解分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。一、用作时间状语典型例句 Seeing the cat,the mouse ran off.见到猫，老鼠就跑了。The work finished,he went home.工作做完后，他就回家了。理解技巧 分词(短语)用作时间状语通常可转换成时间状语从句(引导时间状语的从属连词需根据句意来确定)，如上面两句也可转换成：When As soon as the mouse saw the cat,it ran off.After the work was f

2、inished,he went home.分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】高考实例 When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.(2006浙江卷)A.compared B.being comparedC.comparing D.having compared【答案】C【解析】分词短语when comparing different cultures相当于时间状语从句when we compare differe

3、nt cultures.分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】典型例句 Being very weak,she couldnt move.她由于身体虚弱而不能行动。His car broken down,he had to walk.他的车坏了，所以只好走路。Much discouraged,she moved on to London.她很沮丧，搬到了伦敦。理解技巧 分词(短语)用作原因状语通常可转换成由as,because,since,now that 等引导的原因状语从句，如：As she was very weak,she couldnt move.Because his car wa

4、s broken down,he had to walk.Because she was much discouraged,she moved on to London.分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】高考实例(1)_ with so much trouble,we failed to complete the task on time.(2006四川卷)A.Faced B.Face C.Facing D.To face【答案】A【解析】faced with so much trouble可转换成原因状语从句because we were faced with so much troub

5、le.分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】(2)_ for the breakdown of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.(2006福建卷)A.Blaming B.Blamed C.To blame D.To be blamed【答案】B【解析】现在分词短语blamed for the breakdown of the puter network可转换成原因状语从句because she was blamed for the breakdown of the school computer network.分词短语

6、作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】典型例句 Working hard,you will succeed.如果努力工作，你就可以成功。Adding them all up,we can find the answer.如果把它们加起来，我们就可以得到答案。United,we stand;divided,we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。Given more time,we could have done it better.如果多给点时间，我们可以做得更好。理解技巧分词(短语)用作条件状语通常可转换成由从属连词if引导的条件状语从句，如上面几句也可转换成：分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】If

7、 you work hard,you will succeed.If we add them all up,we can find the answer.If we are united,we stand;if we are divided,we fall.If we had been given more time,we could have done it better.高考实例 _ time,hell make a first-class tennis player.(2003北京春)A.Having given B.To give C.Giving D.Given【答案】D【解析】gi

8、ve 与其逻辑主语 he 是动宾关系，用过去分词，故选 D。分词短语 Given time 可转换成条件状语从顺 If he is given time。分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】四、用作让步状语典型例句 Living miles away,he attended the course.虽然住在几英里以外，他仍去上课。Defeated,he remained a popular boxer.虽然被击败了，他仍是一个受欢迎的拳击手。理解技巧分词(短语)用作让步状语通常可转换成由从属连词though,although,no matter等引导的让步状语从句，如：Although he

9、lived miles away,he attended the course.Thought he was defeated,he remained a popular boxer.分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】高考实例 No matter how frequently _,the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.(2006广东卷)A.performed B.performing C.to be performed D.being performed【答案】A【解析】现在分词短语performed在

10、此相当于they are performed。No matter how frequently they are performed的意思是“无论它们（指贝多芬的作品）被演奏多少次”。分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】五、用作伴随状语典型例句 He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.他坐在椅子上看报。Dont you sit there doing nothing?别什么也不干坐在那里。He came in,followed by his wife.他走了进来，后面跟着他的妻子。理解技巧 理解“伴随状语”的关键是要理解“伴随”二字。分词(短语)用作伴

11、随状语时，它表示的动作伴随句子谓语动作同时发生，即句子谓语所表示的动作为主要动作，分词短语所表示的动作伴随性的次要动作。分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】高考实例(1)Dont sit there _ nothing.Come and help me with this table.(2006湖北卷)A.do B.to do C.doing D.and doing(2)My cousin came to see me from the country,_ me a full basket of fresh fruits.(2006安徽卷)A.brought B.bringing C.to

12、bring D.had brought分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】(3)Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,he would answer carelessly,always _ the same thing.(2006江苏卷)A.saying B.said C.to say D.having said(4)We often provide our children with toys,footballs or basketballs,_ that all children like these things.(2006全国

13、卷)thinking B.think C.to think D.thoughtA.【答案】以上四题答案分别为CBAA。分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】六、用作方式状语典型例句 He earns a living driving a truck.他靠开卡车谋取生。Im returning you letter as requested.我按要求给你退信。理解技巧分词(短语)用作方式状语与用作伴随状语的情形比较接近。有时用作方式状语的现在分词可以转换成by doing sth.的结构，如上面第一句也可换成：He earns a living by driving a truck.注：近几年高

14、考对分词用作方式状语的情形考得较少。分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】七、用作结果状语 典型例句He fired,killing one of the passers-by.他开枪了，打死了一个过路人。He died,leaving his wife with five children.他死了，留下他妻子和五个儿子。理解技巧 分词(短语)用作结果状语时，通常可转换成并列句，如上面两句也可转换成：He fired and killed one of the passers-by.He died and left his wife with five children.It rained a

15、nd rained,and vehicles were bogged and bridges were washed out.分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】高考实例(1)He glanced over at her,_ that though she was tiny,she seemed very well put together.(2005广东卷)A.noting B.noted C.to note D.having noted【答案】A【解析】此句也可换成：He glanced over at her and noted that though she was tiny,she

16、 seemed very well put together.分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】(2)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.(2005山东卷)A.have reached B.reachingC.to reach D.to be reaching【答案】B【解析】此句也可换成：Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year an

17、d reached a record US 分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】八、独立成分作状语。有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。如：Generally/frankly/honestly/strictly speaking,judging from/by,considering,supposing,taking.into consideration,to tell the truth,to be honest,compared with/to make things worseConsidering everything,John isnt so bad afte

18、r all.Supposing there was a war,what would you do?提示：使用分词作状语时应注意以下几点。分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】1）分词的独立主格结构（悬垂分词）分词作状语时分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。但如果分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时应该在分词前面加上其逻辑主语，即构成独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常由“名词或代词主格+分词”构成。Mr.Cook being away from home,his wife has to do all the house work.(原因状语)Work done,they went out to pl

19、ay basketball.(时间状语)There being no buses,we had to walk to go home.Weather permitting,well go for an outing tomorrow.分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】2)现在分词的时态，语态以及否定式：*doing：用来表示主动，且前后动作同时进行。Returning home later,my friend learned that the police had been to the flat.*having done:用来表示主动,且动作发生在主句之前。Having seen the

20、 film before,I decided not to see it again.*being done:用来表示被动,且前后动作同时进行。Being questioned by the police,he felt frightened.*done:用来表示被动且完成分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】Destroyed in the storm,the house will be rebuilt.*having been done:用来表示被动，而且强调动作持续 一段时间或次数。Having been defeated three times,he had to give up.*否

21、定形式：not/never+分词结构Not studying hard,he didnt pass the test.Never having taken a plane before,he was nervous.分词短语作状语【知识点解析知识点解析】3）有时，可以在做状语的分词前加上连词，如 when/while,if/once/unless,though,as if 等 Be careful when crossing the street.（时间状语）While living in Paris,Jim made many friends（时间状语）If kept in freezer,

22、these fish will remain fresh.（条件状语）I wont go,unless invited.（条件状语）I will ask them to help us,even though refused.（让步状语）Though lacking money,I cant ask my mom for help.（让步状语）分词短语作状语【练习练习】1._ down the street the other day,I saw a terrible accident.A.Walking B.Walked C.To walk D.Having walked【答案】A【解析】我

23、沿着街走的同时，我看到了车祸。此句话包含两层意思：1.主动 2.同时发生 符合doing表示1）表主动 2）表同时进行（与，或）所以选A没有任何问题。请按照，done和having done蕴含的意思去分析B，D两个选项。C不定式我们以后再做分析。分词短语作状语【练习练习】2._ in white,she looks much more beautiful.A.To dress B.Dressing C.Dressed D.To be dressed.【答案】C【解析】为了了解dress的用法，请先看牛津高阶词典有关dress的例句：*Hurry up and get dressed!快点穿上

24、衣服！*Is she old enough to dress herself yet?她会自己穿衣服了吗？*He was dressed as a woman,wearing a womans clothes.他男扮女装。*a woman dressed in green 穿着绿衣服的女子。我们来看例句Hurry up and get dressed!=You hurry up and you get dressed!sb.get dressed 与sb.is dressed 不用的是前者是动作，后者是状态。分词短语作状语【练习练习】表示某人穿什么颜色的衣服有个比较常用的表达式sb.is dr

25、essed in red/white/black.If the girl is dressed in white,she looks much more beautiful.If去掉，相同的主语the girl去掉，be动词去掉。过去分词dressed直接保留，这里的done，同样1）表被动 2）表完成（与，或）的含义。分词短语作状语【练习练习】有同学问不是有sb.dress herself这个短语吗，那么为什么不能选择B.Dressing这个选项呢？答：如果题干是 _herself in white,she looks much more beautiful.A.To dress B.Dre

26、ssing C.Dressed D.To be dressed.题干多了一个单词herself，这题正确答案就是B.Dressing了。打回原形看下：If she dresses herself in white,she looks much more beautiful.分词短语作状语【练习练习】3._ good care of,the old man is living a happy life.A.Taking B.To be taken C.Having taken D.Taken【答案】D【解析】表示被动，完成，用Done，所以选D。A.C选项表示如果改成Having been ta

27、ken 就可以选了。请自已去分析，分析不明白的话，记得第一时间问老师。分词短语作状语【练习练习】4._ automatically(自动地)，the email will be received by all the club members.A.Mailed out B.Mailing out C.To be mailed out D.Having mailed out 【答案】A【解析】email被发出去后，将会被收到。有两层含义：被动，完成。所以选A。D项要改成Having been mailed，可以考虑选D。分词短语作状语【练习练习】5.Whenever he was asked w

28、hy he was late for class,he would answer carelessly,always _ the same thing.A.saying B.said C.to say D.having said【答案】A【解析】该句要表单主动以及和answer carelessly这个“主句”谓语动词同时发生两层含义。所以算A.saying.分词短语作状语【练习练习】6._ for the break down of the school computer network,Alice was in low spirits.A.Blaming B.Blamed C.To blamed D.To be blamed【答案】B【解析】本句要表达被动和完成两层含义，所以选B，具体情况自己分析。