2020年专升本英语语法精品讲义.ppt
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1、2020年专升本英语语法精品讲义2whom修饰修饰“人人”作宾语。可省略,但在介词后和非限制性作宾语。可省略,但在介词后和非限制性定定 语从句中不可省略。语从句中不可省略。The doctor(who/whom)you are looking for is in the room.你在找的那位医生在屋子里。你在找的那位医生在屋子里。3whose是是who,which的所有格,作定语,修饰的所有格,作定语,修饰“人人”“”“物物”表所表所 属关系。属关系。This is a book whose cover is blue.这是一本封面是蓝色的书。这是一本封面是蓝色的书。4.that修饰修饰“人
2、人”“”“物物”作主语、宾语、表语。作主语、宾语、表语。I want a man that/who understands English.我需要一个懂英语的人。我需要一个懂英语的人。He is not the man that he used to be.他已不是以前的他了。他已不是以前的他了。This is the picture that I bought yesterday.这就是我昨天买的那幅画。这就是我昨天买的那幅画。5.which (1)修饰修饰“物物”作主语、宾语。作主语、宾语。The building which stands near the river is our sc
3、hool.耸立在河旁边的那幢房子是我们的学校。耸立在河旁边的那幢房子是我们的学校。(2)修饰句子中的短语、整个句子,作主语、宾语,常引导一非限修饰句子中的短语、整个句子,作主语、宾语,常引导一非限 制性定语从句,有时可插在句中。制性定语从句,有时可插在句中。I have to work on Sunday,which I dont like.我星期天得上班,这点我不喜欢。我星期天得上班,这点我不喜欢。They tried to catch the bird,which was impossible.他们想抓住那只鸟,而这是不可能的。他们想抓住那只鸟,而这是不可能的。(3)修饰一短语、句子时,也
4、可作定语,使句子更加明确。修饰一短语、句子时,也可作定语,使句子更加明确。He came back late,by which time all the guests had already left.他回来迟了,到那个时候所有的客人都已经走了。他回来迟了,到那个时候所有的客人都已经走了。I was told to go not by train but by bus,which advice I followed.有人告诉我不要乘火车而乘汽车,我听从了此建议。有人告诉我不要乘火车而乘汽车,我听从了此建议。6as (1)在限制性定语从句中,若先行词被在限制性定语从句中,若先行词被the sam
5、e,such,as,so所修饰,从句的引导词用所修饰,从句的引导词用as,作主语、宾语。,作主语、宾语。I dislike such students as are careless.我不喜欢那些粗心的学生。我不喜欢那些粗心的学生。Ill lend you as much money as you need.我会借给你所需要的那么多钱。我会借给你所需要的那么多钱。(2)作为关系代词,作为关系代词,as可引导非限制性定语从句,修饰一短可引导非限制性定语从句,修饰一短 语或整个句子,也可插在句中。语或整个句子,也可插在句中。As we know,the earth goes round the s
6、un.众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。众所周知,地球绕着太阳转。The number of the visitors,as we had expected,was well over two hundred.来访者的数目远远超过两百人,这是我们预料之中的。来访者的数目远远超过两百人,这是我们预料之中的。关系副词关系副词when(时间时间);where(地点地点);why(原因原因)作状语作状语(1)I still remember the day when I was born.(2)This is the house where I lived two years ago.(3)Can you t
7、ell me the reason why you did it?定语从句中的关系副词可由定语从句中的关系副词可由“介词介词which”来代替,以来代替,以上上(1)句中的句中的whenon which(2)句中的句中的wherein which(3)句中的句中的whyfor which语法专练语法专练1I have seen the film,_leading actor is my favourite.Aits Bthat Cwhose Dwhich 解析解析:定语从句修饰定语从句修饰film,引导词在定语从句中作,引导词在定语从句中作 leading actor的定语,表所属关系的定语,
8、表所属关系。答案答案:C2The girl_everybody had thought could win a gold medal failed at last.Awho Bwhom Cwhat D/解析解析:everybody had thought为插入语,定语从句引导为插入语,定语从句引导 词在句中作词在句中作could win a gold medal的主语。的主语。答案答案:A3Do you think the reason_he gave is believable?Afor which Bwhich Cwhy Dfor that 解析解析:句意为:你认为他给出的理由可信么?句意
9、为:你认为他给出的理由可信么?which作作 gave的宾语,故用关系代词。的宾语,故用关系代词。答案答案:B4This is the job_they laughed.Awhich Bthat Cat which Dat that 解析解析:句意为:这是个他们嘲笑的工作。句意为:这是个他们嘲笑的工作。laugh at表表“嘲嘲 笑笑”,which作作at的宾语。的宾语。答案答案:C5.Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks_built about 300 years ago in Beijing.Awhich was Bwhich wer
10、e Cthat were Dwhere were 解析解析:定语从句修饰定语从句修饰parks,且在定语从句中引导词作主,且在定语从句中引导词作主 语,由于先行词有最高级修饰,故只能用语,由于先行词有最高级修饰,故只能用that。答案答案:C6On the table she found a piece of paper_some puzzling secret codes.Awhich was written Bthat was written Con which were written Don that was written 解析解析:定语从句修饰定语从句修饰paper,意为,意为“纸
11、上写着令人迷惑的密纸上写着令人迷惑的密 码码”。后面是倒装句。后面是倒装句。答案答案:C7I dont like the way_he spoke to me.Awhat Bby which Cby that D/解析解析:定语从句修饰定语从句修饰way,引导词作状语时可用,引导词作状语时可用in which/that/不填。不填。答案答案:D8He makes good use of the time_he can spare.Athat Bin which Cin that Dwhen 解析解析:句意为:他充分利用了他能腾出的时间,引导词句意为:他充分利用了他能腾出的时间,引导词 that
12、作作spare的宾语。的宾语。答案答案:A9It was a meeting_importance I did not realize at the time.Awhich Bat which Cits Dwhose 解析解析:定语从句修饰定语从句修饰meeting,引导词,引导词whose在定语从句中在定语从句中 作作importance的定语,表所属关系。的定语,表所属关系。答案答案:D10This is the factory_they visited the other day.Athat Bwhere Cto which Dwhat 解析解析:句意为:这是一个他们那天参观的工厂。引导
13、词句意为:这是一个他们那天参观的工厂。引导词 that在定语从句中作在定语从句中作visited的宾语的宾语。答案:答案:A11He is not the same man_he used to be.A/Bwhich Cas Dwhat 解析解析:定语从句的先行词被定语从句的先行词被the same修饰时,定语从句的修饰时,定语从句的 引导词用引导词用as,此句中,此句中as作作be的表语的表语。答案答案:C12In an open boat,the four men,_a doctor,met with a storm on the sea.Aone of them was Bone of
14、 them were Cone of whom was Done of whom were 解析解析:中间是一定语从句修饰中间是一定语从句修饰four men,表示部分与整体,表示部分与整体 的关系,的关系,whom作作of的宾语。的宾语。答案答案:C定语从句定语从句(二二)1whom,which在定语从句中可作介词的宾语,这样的介词一在定语从句中可作介词的宾语,这样的介词一 般放在般放在whom,which之前也可放在原来的位置上。之前也可放在原来的位置上。that也可作也可作 介词宾语,但介词不能放在介词宾语,但介词不能放在that前,只能放在原位置上;含有前,只能放在原位置上;含有 介词
15、的固定词组,介词也只能放在原位置上。介词的固定词组,介词也只能放在原位置上。This is the nurse to whom Tom spoke just now.This is the nurse whom Tom spoke to just now.这就是那个这就是那个Tom刚才跟她谈话的护士。刚才跟她谈话的护士。The child whom you take care of is ill.你照看的那小孩病了。你照看的那小孩病了。2定语从句中用定语从句中用that不用不用which情况情况 (1)先行词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及先行词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级以及the
16、very,the only修饰。修饰。This is the first film that I have seen at this cinema.这是我在这个剧院看的第一部电影。这是我在这个剧院看的第一部电影。(2)先行词为不定代词先行词为不定代词all,one,none,anything,everything,nothing,little,much,few等或被等或被much,little,just,few,no,any,every等所修饰。等所修饰。He has little time that he can spare.他一点时间也抽不出。他一点时间也抽不出。Is there anyt
17、hing that I can do for you?有什么需要我帮忙的吗?有什么需要我帮忙的吗?(3)当定语从句的先行词包括人或物时。当定语从句的先行词包括人或物时。Look at the girl and her dog that are crossing the bridge.看看正在过桥的那个女孩和她的狗。看看正在过桥的那个女孩和她的狗。(4)前面已有疑问词前面已有疑问词who,which时,为避免重复。时,为避免重复。Which is the book that you lost?你丢失的书是哪本书?你丢失的书是哪本书?Who is the lady that is playing
18、the piano?那个弹钢琴的女士是谁?那个弹钢琴的女士是谁?(5)当先行词是疑问代词当先行词是疑问代词what时。时。What did Tom hear that made him very sad?Tom听到什么话使他那么悲伤?听到什么话使他那么悲伤?(6)当指人、物的关系代词作表语时。当指人、物的关系代词作表语时。He is not the man that he used to be.他已不是以前的他了。他已不是以前的他了。(7)在在There be句型中。句型中。Theres still a seat in the corner that is still free.角落处仍有一个
19、空着的座位。角落处仍有一个空着的座位。3.as与与which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰一短语或整个句引导非限制性定语从句,修饰一短语或整个句 子时的区别。子时的区别。(1)as引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末,但引导的定语从句可置于句首、句中、句末,但which 只能置于句中,句末。只能置于句中,句末。I helped him with his homework,as/which was my duty.我帮他做作业,这是我的职责。我帮他做作业,这是我的职责。As was my duty,I helped him with his homework.(2)as常用于某些短语中。如:常用于某
20、些短语中。如:as is said above,as is known,as is reported/announced,as it is或出现在或出现在 appear,expect,think,suppose,mention等表猜测,等表猜测,想象,预测的动词中。想象,预测的动词中。He was late again,as was expected.他又迟到,这是预料之中的事。他又迟到,这是预料之中的事。(3)which引导的定语从句和主句往往有因果关系或引导的定语从句和主句往往有因果关系或which从句是对主句从句是对主句的评论。的评论。The street hasnt been clea
21、ned for weeks,which makes it very dirty.街道已几个星期没清扫了,显得非常脏。街道已几个星期没清扫了,显得非常脏。The young man cheated his friend of much money,which was disgraceful.那个青年骗了他朋友许多钱,这是丢脸的事。那个青年骗了他朋友许多钱,这是丢脸的事。(4)which修饰一短语、句子时可作定语,但修饰一短语、句子时可作定语,但as不可。不可。Chaplin went to the States in 1910,by which time he had learnt to dan
22、ce and act in comedies.卓别林于卓别林于1910年到了美国,到那时他已学会在喜剧中跳舞、表演了。年到了美国,到那时他已学会在喜剧中跳舞、表演了。(5)定语从句还可由定语从句还可由“名词名词/代词代词of which/whom”来引导,表部分与来引导,表部分与整体或所属关系。整体或所属关系。China has hundreds of islands,the largest of which(of which the largest)is Taiwan.中国有成千上万的岛屿,其中最大的是台湾。中国有成千上万的岛屿,其中最大的是台湾。The house the window o
23、f which faces south is our room.窗户朝南开的房窗户朝南开的房子是我们的房间。子是我们的房间。语法专练语法专练1We have two spare rooms upstairs,_has been much used in the past two years.Aneither of which Bneither of that Cnone of which Dnone of that 解析解析:两者的全否不能用两者的全否不能用none,that不能直接放在介词不能直接放在介词 后作宾语,故选后作宾语,故选A。答案答案:A2_was natural,he marr
24、ied Mary.AWhich BIt CThis DAs 解析解析:句意为:他娶了玛丽,这很自然。句意为:他娶了玛丽,这很自然。as引导定语从引导定语从 句,修饰后面的句子,作主语,表句,修饰后面的句子,作主语,表“这一点这一点”。答案答案:D3He has two ChineseEnglish dictionary,_were bought last week.Atwo of which Bboth of which Cboth of them Dall of whom 解析解析:C不是定语从句,不是定语从句,D修饰人。修饰人。A表示表示“其中两个其中两个”,故选故选B,表,表“这两本汉英
25、字典都是上周买的。这两本汉英字典都是上周买的。”答案答案:B4His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.Awhich Bwith which Cwithout which Dthat 解析解析:句意为:他的眼镜掉到地上破了,没有眼镜他就句意为:他的眼镜掉到地上破了,没有眼镜他就 像是个瞎子像是个瞎子。答案答案:C5This is the second school_I used to work at,many students of_still have a good relationship with
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