英语国家社会与文化入门下册课件BII-U1.pptx

1、英语国家社会与文化入门英语国家社会与文化入门(下册）下册）The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking CountriesAn Introduction(Book Two)New ZealandUnit 1 Land,People and HistoryQuiz Give the English and a brief explanation for the following:1 奥克兰市 2 几维鸟 3 毛利人 4 太平洋岛人 5 怀唐伊条约Focal Points of the UnitLand and Environment Geo

2、graphy Wildlife-unique flora and fauna Environment and environmental responsibilitiesNew Zealanders Population of European ancestry Mori and Moritanga Pacific IslandersHistory Early settlers from East Polynesia First European navigators arriving in 1642 The Treaty of Waitangi New Zealand todayThis U

3、nit Is Divided into Three Sections:I.Land and EnvironmentII.New ZealandersIII.HistoryI.Land and Environment Geography Wildlife-unique flora and fauna Environment and environmental responsibilitiesI.Land and Environment Georgraphy:“Aotearoa”-“Land of the long white cloud”-a large,long group of island

4、s,about 2000 kilometres from north to south;-a land area of 270 500 square kilometers;-the North Island,the South Island,the Stewart Island -the Southern Alps and volcanoes -two major cities-Auckland:New Zealands center for business,education and industry;Wellington:capital of the countryLeft:Auckla

5、nd,the largest city of New Zealand;Right:Wellingtons Beehive,the national symbol of executive power Climate and Wildlife -the southern temperate latitudes midway between the Equator and the South Pole;-maritime climate;-seasons opposite to the Northern Hemisphere;-isolated from the rest of the world

6、 for 80 million years,New Zealand developed unique flora and fauna.-80%of the trees,ferns and flowering plants are endemic(found only in New Zealand);-6.2 million hectares of native forestFauna -25%of New Zealands birds are found nowhere else on earth;-the flightless birds -the kiwi as a national ic

7、on of New Zealand and New Zealanders;-other unique fauna including the Moa(a giant flightless bird),Tautara(native reptiles),bats(New Zealands only native land mammals),yellow-eyed penguin,Kakapo(the worlds only flightless parrot);-diverse marine fauna in New Zealand:whales,seals,dolphins and marine

8、 birds Tautara Yellow-eyed Kiwi penguin Kakapo Environment -New Zealand has a unique natural environment;-Nature is worshiped in New Zealand;-New Zealand has enlightened environmental policies.Environmental responsibilities -enlightened environmental policies;-the Resource Management Act in 1991 to

9、promote the sustainable management of natural and physical resources,bringing together laws governing land,air and water resources;-the Department of Conversation administrating a superb system of national parks;-reducing and recycling waste;-influencing international attitudes on ozone depletion,wh

10、aling,sustainable forestry,climate change,biodiversity,etc.No Nukes-In 1987 Labour passed the Nuclear Free Zone,Disarmament,and Arms Control Act.-The US Congress downgraded New Zealands defense status from ally to“friend.”-New Zealand remains a nuclear-free zone.II.New Zealanders Population of Europ

11、ean ancestry Mori and Moritanga Pacific IslandersII.New Zealanders General information -The population of New Zealand reached 4.351 million in January 2010;-86%live in cities and towns,and about 75%live in the North Island;-The New Zealand population is made up of people of different ethnicities and

12、 colours.People of European ancestry-Around 80%of New Zealanders identify themselves as having some European ancestry;-Their forebears mainly came from England,Scotland,Ireland,but also from Germany,Italy,the Netherlands,and other nations;-The arrival of European settlers started from the 17th centu

13、ry.Mori-Mori are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand;-They make up 14.5%of the total population;-The Mori originated with settlers from eastern Polynesia,who first arrived in New Zealand in canoe voyages at some point between the 9th and 13th centuries AD.Moritanga -Mori culture plays su

14、ch an important part that New Zealands society is bicultural -Mori language-Te Reo-is the second official language,and it is recognized in Parliament and in courts of law.a.There are the kohanga reo(Maori“language nests”)all over New Zealand;b.About 24 percent of the population speaks some Mori,and

15、that figure is on the rise;c.Many names of places,plants and birds are Mori,and many other Mori words have enriched New Zealand English.Moritanga-the iwi:a Mori tribe,the main social organization in Mori society;-Mori creation myth;-legends about Maui;-the haka:the Mori war dance-the hongi:the Maori

16、 sharing in the sacred act of hongi,exchanging the ha or breath of life;the marae:a sacred meeting place where Mori culture and language are promoted,tribal matters discussed,and ceremonies held(right:marae)Left:the original Maori haka war danceRight:New Zealand All Blacks pre-match haka war dance(A

17、ll Blacks:the nickname of New Zealand national rugby team,regarded as the countrys national sport.)People of the Pacific Islands origin-mainly from Western Samoa,Cook Islands,Niue,Tokelau,Tonga and Fiji-making up about 7%of the population of New Zealand-today,more than 60%of Pacific Islanders born a

18、nd grown up in New Zealand III.History Early settlers from East Polynesia First European navigators arriving in 1642 The Treaty of Waitangi Modern New Zealand societyIII.History First settlers from East Polynesia -They voyaged from East Polynesia over 1000 years ago;-They were forbearers of todays M

19、aori;-They lived in tribes based on family networks;-By 1200,they had settled the North and South Islands.European settlersthe Pakeha-Dutchman Abel Tasman was the first European to sight New Zealand,naming the country Staten Land,later Nieuw Zeeland;-Englishman James Cook reached here in 1769;he tra

20、ded with Maori and claimed the land for the British(right:James Cook)European settlersthe Pakeha -Sealers and whalers followed;-Christian missionaries arrived in 1814;-By 1840,2 000 Europeans lived among a Maori population of 115 000;-British settlers arrived in the 1840s and 1850s,establishing town

21、s and clearing land for farms;European settlersthe Pakeha-Wars resulted between Mori and European settlers in the 1860s;decreasing the Maori population;-Settler society boomed after the gold rushes from the 1860s;-Roads,railways and public buildings were constructed,and national education introduced

22、;-A new wave of British,European and Australian migrants arrived in the 1880s.The Treaty of WaitangiThe Treaty was first signed on 6 February 1840 by representatives of the British Crown and various Mori chiefs from the North Island of New Zealand.The Treaty of Waitangi -The Treaty established a Bri

23、tish Governor of New Zealand,recognized Mori ownership of their lands and other properties,and gave the Mori the rights of British subjects;-Mori and non-Mori New Zealanders had different interpretations of the Treaty,resulting in wars between them in the early 1860s;-By the 1890s less than one-sixt

24、h of New Zealand was owned by Mori;-From the late 1960s Mori began drawing attention to breaches of the Treaty;-The Waitangi Tribunal was established in 1975 in an effort to address past wrongs and Mori grievances;-The Government aims to have all claims under the Waitangi Tribunal settled by 2014 wi

25、th around$55 million a year paid in Treaty settlement.Modern New Zealand Society -Worldwide economic depression hit New Zealand in the late 1920s;-State welfare was expanded from the 1930s-higher pensions,unemployment and sickness benefits,and medical care was subsidized;-In 1947,New Zealand ratifie

26、d the Statute of Westminster,which gave it complete autonomy from Britain in foreign as well as domestic affairs;-Urbanization,especially of Maori,and economic prosperity marked post-war New Zealand;Modern New Zealand societyIn 1893 New Zealand became the first country in the world to give women the

27、 national vote.More women worked outside the home,and equal pay was introduced in 1972.(right:women waiting to vote)New Zealand Today -The mid-1980s brought profound changes in foreign affairs and the economy:New Zealand was declared nuclear-free.Free-market policies opened up the economy,and the ro

28、le of government was reformed;-New Zealand has gone through many reforms and changes in the past decades,economically and socially,the biggest change being growing biculturalism with Mori culture penetrating New Zealands society;-New Zealand of the 21st century faces the world with a confident and i

29、ndependent national identity.Questions for DiscussionA.What are some of the distinct features of New Zealands geography and natural environment?B.What are the structural components of New Zealands population?In what way are they related to New Zealands history?C.When did the first European navigators arrive in New Zealand?How did New Zealand evolve to what it is today?D.What role does the Maori culture play in New Zealand society?The Maori hongi-sharing in the sacred act of hongi,exchanging the ha or breath of life