译林牛津八年级下册英语-unit1-语法(共40张)课件.ppt-(课件无音视频)

1、Present perfect tensePresent perfect tense 现在完成时态 现在完成时现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果.现在完成时这一时态强调是过去动作与现在的联系,也就是强调现在的影响和结果.have/has+过去分词o 1.都表示过去发生的事o 2.现在完成时强调过去和现在的联系，不能和具体的时间状语连用；o 3.一般过去时强调过去发生的事或状态与表示过去的具体时间连用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）presentpasteg.1.He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his b

2、reakfast.2.When did you come here?I watched the football match on TV at 9:00.什么时候使用现在完成时？什么时候使用现在完成时？表示现在完成时的时间副词表示现在完成时的时间副词一、一、already和和yet常见于现在完成时中，常见于现在完成时中，有有“已经已经”之意。前者一般用在肯定之意。前者一般用在肯定句中，后者用在疑问句中。句中，后者用在疑问句中。yet在否在否定句中有定句中有“还还”之意。之意。“Has the bus left yet”?“Yes.It has already left.”(“No.It has

3、nt left yet.)“汽车开走了吗？汽车开走了吗？”“是的，已经开走了。是的，已经开走了。”“不，还没有开走。不，还没有开走。”二、二、“already”用于现在完成时的肯定句中用于现在完成时的肯定句中,“yet”用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中用于现在完成时的否定句和疑问句中.用用“already”“yet”填空。填空。He has()visited many places in China.注意注意 already 在句中的两种位置在句中的两种位置.The train hasnt arrived（）.火车（到现在）还没有到。火车（到现在）还没有到。Has she arrived （）

4、?她已经到了吗？她已经到了吗？Hasnt he come（）?她还没来吗？她还没来吗？alreadyyet yet yet三、三、ever和和never也是现在完成时常见的也是现在完成时常见的时间状语。前者意思是时间状语。前者意思是“曾经曾经”，多，多见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是见于疑问句或否定句中；后者意思是“从来没有从来没有”，表示全部否定。，表示全部否定。“Have you ever seen the film?”“No.I have never seen it.”“你曾经看过这部影片吗？你曾经看过这部影片吗？”“没有，没有，从来没看从来没看过。过。”Nobody in our cl

5、ass has ever been there.我们班没有我们班没有人去过那。人去过那。四、四、just,recently是完成时的时间状语，是完成时的时间状语，just now 有有a moment ago 之意，是一般之意，是一般过去时的时间状语。过去时的时间状语。The train has just arrived.火车刚到。火车刚到。Did you see Joan just now?你刚才看到琼了吗？你刚才看到琼了吗？Have you heard from your family lately/recently?你最近收到家人的来信了吗？你最近收到家人的来信了吗？五、五、since短

6、语或从句表示过去的动短语或从句表示过去的动 作延续至今，作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点之后的时间为一点。Mr.Smith has worked here since 1984.1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college.他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。六、六、for短语表示动作延续多长时短语表示动作延续多长时 间，间，for的宾语为时间段。的宾语为时间段。We have known each o

7、ther for twenty years.我们认识有二十年了。我们认识有二十年了。I havent seen her for a long time.我好久没有见到她了。The dog has been dead for three days.She has been had (buy)the book for two week 这是为什么呢？这是为什么呢？牛津版初中英语八年级下牛津版初中英语八年级下Grammar:表示动作或状态从过去开表示动作或状态从过去开始一直延续到现在甚至将来始一直延续到现在甚至将来Mike borrowed the books two days ago.Mike h

8、as kept the books for two days.He has bought the book.He has bought the book for a week.He has had the book for a week.She has bought the computer for two years.hadbuyhave/has hadHow long have you come to the United States？been income tohave/has been inAnn has gone to China since three months ago.be

9、en ingo tohave/has been inI have got to Paris for one week.been ingot tohave/has been inMy brother has joined the army for five years.been inbeen a soldier join have/has been inhave/has been a soldier I have left Shanghai for 3 days.been away from Shanghai leave have/has been away The film has begun

10、 for 10 minutes.been on begin have/has been on I have borrowed the dictionary since 3 days ago.kept borrow have/has kept The concert has finished for half an hour.been over finish have/has been over His dog has died for two years.been dead die have/has been dead She has married for six years.been ma

11、rried marry have/has been married 切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成切记有些动词是非延续的，在此用法中要换成其相对应的延续性动词：其相对应的延续性动词：buy borrowopen closeleave diejoin begin -have -keep -be open -be closed -be away -be dead -be a member of -be on varrive/come/go to die vbecome a borrowvLeave/move vbuy openvjoin vstart/begin finish/endvc

12、atch a cold get up vget to know get out vclose wake upvgo to sleepvbecome interested in be in be deadhavekeepbe away/be out be abe in/a member ofbe openbe onbe overhave a coldbe upknowbe outbe closedbe awakebe asleep/sleepbe interested in标志词：标志词：for+一段时间一段时间,since+过去的时间点过去的时间点,these years,so far,in

13、the past/last yearsoWe _(learn)English for three years/since two years ago/since 2000.oMr.Green _(be)in China these years.oThey _(write)15 songs so far.oThe population _(grow)more slowly in the past ten years.have learnedhas beenhave writtenhas grownvHis father has died.(for 2 years)vThe football ma

14、tch has begun.(since9:00a.m)vThe twins have joined the army.(since they are 18years old)vMy teacher has just left Nanjing.(for 3 days)His father has been dead for 2 years.The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.The twins have been soldiers/been in the army since they are 18years old.My teacher

15、 has been away from Nanjing for 3 daysCorrecting v1.I have borrowed the book for 3 months.v2.My bother has joined the army since he was 18.v3.Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years.v4.The film has been on since I have come to the cinema.v5.When has Mr.Li caught a bad cold?have kepthas been in/bee

16、n a member of the armysince 5 years ago/for 5 yearscame didcatchv6.Ten years have passed since they got married.v7.Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years.v8.What time have the factory opened?v9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twicehashas been indidopenbeen to含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。S

17、he has worked for ten years.She began to work ten years ago.She has worked since ten years ago.It is ten years since she began to work.Ten years has passed since she began to work.提升与补充提升与补充eg.他死了两年了：He died two years ago.He has been dead for two years/since two years ago It is/has been two years si

18、nce he died.Two years has passed since he died.这本书我借了一个月了。I borrowed this book a month ago.It is/has been a month since I borrowed the book.I have kept the book for a month./since a month ago.A month has passed since I borrowed the book.1.A:Wheres Jim,Li Lei?B:He _his school library.2.The Greens _Ch

19、ina for three years.We _the Great Wall twice.Its very beautiful.has gone tohave been inhave been to BAABB stay A她以前曾去过上海。她以前曾去过上海。She has been to Shanghai before.他在上海他在上海1010年了。年了。She has been in Shanghai for ten years 他去上海了。他去上海了。He has gone to Shanghai.vhave/has gone to:已经去了或在途中，还没有返回；vhave/has been to:曾今去过某地，现在已经回来了,后面可接表示“次数”的状语;vhave/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段时间，现仍在那里”，其后常带表示一段时间的状语。vTom 在哪儿？他去书店买书了。v我在北京待了5年了。vJack 去过上海两次了-Where is Tom?-He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.I have been in Beijing for 5 years.Jack has been to Shanghai twice.Bye-bye!Bye-bye!