英语国家社会与文化入门下册课件BII-U14.pptx

1、英语国家社会与文化入门英语国家社会与文化入门(下册）下册）The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries An Introduction(Book Two)The United States of AmericaUnit 14 Post-WWII American Foreign Policy QuizGive the English and a brief explanation for the following:冷战 美苏军备竞赛 杜鲁门主义 遏制政策 古巴导弹危机 朝鲜战争 单边主义 9/11恐怖袭击Focal P

2、oints the Beginning of the Cold War the Arms Race the Cuban Missile Crisis the Korean War and the relations between the United States and China the Containment Policy Engagement and Expansion Unilateralim American Foreign Policy after September 11 the Bush Administrations foreign policy the Obama Ad

3、ministrations foreign policy The Unit Is Divided into Five SectionsI.The Beginning of the Cold WarII.The Arms RaceIII.The Containment PolicyIV.Engagement and ExpansionV.American Foreign Policy after September 11I.The Beginning of the Cold WarA.The United States emerged from WWII as a super poweras t

4、he sole possessor of atomic bombs;as the wealthiest nation on earth;as the most productive nation on earth;as the leader of the“free world”and to dominate the post-war world order;but with a head-on collision with the former Soviet Union,who resisted U.S.effort in this regard.I.The Beginning of the

5、Cold WarThe United States emerged from WWII as a super power.I.The Beginning of the Cold WarThe Cold War as a Battle of IdeologiesI.The Beginning of the Cold WarThe North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)in 1949 and the Warsaw Pact in 1955 split the world into two military blocs.In 1949,the Soviet

6、Union exploded its first atomic bomb.Soon,the United States tested its first hydrogen bomb in 1952,and the Soviet Union followed in 1953.II.The Arms Race II.The Arms Race In 1957,the Soviet Union launched two Sputniks into the orbit,demonstrating that they had the capability to carry the bombs to th

7、e United States.(Right:Sputnik 1)II.The Arms Race The Eisenhower Administration and the Kennedy Administration stepped up nuclear weapons production.II.The Arms Race By the 1980s,the Unites States and the Soviet Union had more than 50,000 nuclear weapons that could kill the people in the world many

8、times.III.The Containment Policy In 1948,President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine which aimed to contain the former Soviet Union and communism in general.III.The Containment PolicyIn order to contain communism,the United States fought two wars in Asia:the Korean War and the Vietnam War.III.T

9、he Containment Policy The crisis over Berlin in 1961 caused a large number of people to flee East Berlin and East Germany.In order to prevent the flow of talents,East German government began to build a concrete wall on August 13,1961,separating East and West Berlin.III.The Containment PolicyDuring t

10、he Cold War,the United States and the Soviet Union were on the brink of a nuclear war.This occasion was the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962 when,in 1959,Cuban leader Fidel Castro agreed to install Russian ballistic missiles in Cuba.III.The Containment PolicyIn Asia,the containment policy was directed a

11、gainst the Peoples Republic of China.The White Paper on China issued by the State Department in 1949 showed American hostility towards the new republic.III.The Containment PolicyAfter President Nixon took over,he announced the Nixon Doctrine which stated that the United States would no longer fight

12、the Cold War in Asia with Vietnam War being part of that war,and that Asian countries had to do the fighting themselves.In 1972,Nixon made a trip to China for help to end the war in Vietnam.IV.Engagement and Expansion The fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989,and regime changes in Eastern European countri

13、es and the disintegration of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991 radically changed the balance of power in the world.The Cold War came to an end.IV.Engagement and ExpansionThe goal of the United States global strategy is to maintain American leadership in the world,and not allow any world power or r

14、egional power to emerge to challenge American global leadership.IV.Engagement and ExpansionThe Clinton Administration made national security,economic prosperity and promotion of democracy the three pillars of American foreign policy.IV.Engagement and Expansion Engagement and expansion,as its nationa

15、l strategy,means the United States will take a more active part in world affairs and will more actively promote market economy and American style democracy IV.Engagement and ExpansionWars that made the United States the only supper power of the world:the first Gulf War against Saddam Hussein of Iraq

16、 in 1991 the 44-day air war against the former Yugoslavia in 1999 V.American Foreign Policy after 9/11 On September11,2001,terrorists hijacked American passenger planes,and launched two suicidal attacks on New York City and Washington D.C.V.American Foreign Policy after 9/11The Bush Administration r

17、esponded to the attack by waging a war on terrorism through a coalition of the willing.V.American Foreign Policy after 9.11 In October 2001,the United States launched an all round attack on Afghanistan and won a decisive victory in two months time.V.American Foreign Policy after 9.11In the State of

18、the Union Message of 2002,President Bush surprised the world by naming Iraq,Iran and North Korea as Axis of Evil.V.American Foreign Policy after 9/11The Bush Doctrine,initiated in his speech known as the strategy of preemption at the West Point,by which the U.S.launched the 2nd Iraqi War.V.American

19、Foreign Policy after 9/11 Barack Obama was elected to the White House in 2008.His goals of foreign policy were to re-establish Americas standing in the world;to create dialogue with friends,partners and adversaries based on mutual respect;and to work together in building partnership.V.American Forei

20、gn Policy after 9/11 Obama went to Europe to attend three summit meetingsthe London G20 Financial Summit,the NATO Summit,the London G20 Financial Summit;He met with Chinese President Hu Jintao at London,and agreed to work together to build a positive,cooperative and comprehensive U.S.-China relation

21、ship for the 21st century.In July 2009,Obama visited Moscow and agreed with Russian President Medvedev to start negotiations on a new START agreement.Towards Iraq,Obama announced that“by August 31,2010,our combat mission in Iraq will end.”But,in Afghanistan,he decided to send an additional 30,000 tr

22、oops.Conclusion American foreign policy since WWII can be divided into two phases:the first between 1945 and 1991 and the second after 1991.In the first phase,the basic goal of the foreign policy of the United States was to contain the Soviet Union.In the second phase,the basic goal is to maintain A

23、merican domination in the world as long as possible and to remake the world in American image.Questions for DiscussionA.How did the Cold War begin?What role did the U.S.play in this?B.What is the US containment policy?Is it successful?Illustrate your point with facts.C.What new strategy did the U.S.develop in response to great changes in the world since the late 1980s?D.How did the world respond to the Sept.11 terrorist attack?What is the Bush Doctrine?E.How do you evaluate the foreign policy pursued by the Obama Administration?