中考英语词语运用方法及训练课件.ppt

1、2016中考英语选词填空指导训练 大纲目标要求：培养学生综合运用所学语言知识和语言技能的能力。主要考查对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力，反映英语素质 本课时目标：如何做好选词填空？词类 英语词性分十种：名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。其中：名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词这六种有形式上的变化2022-11-6一、名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy,morning,bag,ball,class,orange 名词可以转化成哪些不同形式呢？1.名词变名词 piano_ music_China_ 类似的还有：viol

2、in art science magic Japan tour 名词加ian，ist,ese 可以转化成名词 2.名词变所有格 Tom_ my parents_ three hours_ walk 以“s”结尾的名词复数加 来构成所有格，其余加s可以转化成所有格形式 pianistmusicianChineseTomsparentshours2022-11-6 3.可数名词的单数变复数 tomato_friend_watch_ toothbrush_knife_ man_ woman_child_ foot_ sheep_ people_ hero potato box-fox-beach-c

3、oach-match-watch-wish-half-leaf-wolf-thief-wife-life-mouse-fireman-postman-policemen-Chinese-tooth-tomatoesfriendswatchestoothbrushesknivesmenwomenchildrenfeetsheeppeople2022-11-64.名词变形容词health_friend_person_care_danger_humor加y、ly、al、ful、less、ous可以转化成形容词以y结尾：wind，sun，cloud，rain，snow，luck-salt-fog-fu

4、n-noise-ly：love，live，weekal：education-tradition-music-person-nature以ful或less结尾的：beauty-wonder-use-help-meaning-home-color-harm-hopeable结尾：value-enjoy-comfort-believeAsia-energy-France-Europeylyalfulousless2022-11-6名词常用于句子的什么位置呢？1.动词前（主语）2.动词后（宾语）3.介词后4.冠词后5.形容词后6.数词后7.形容词性物主代词后 8.指示代词后因此做题时：要特别注意观察此

5、空前后的修饰词如：数词，量词，冠词，形容词，形容词性物主代词，指示代词等常用于名词前的修饰词。2022-11-6二、代词：代替名词、数词、形容词 的词theysome-something其中人称代词、物主代词、反身代词之间互相转换，还有复合不定代词之间也常常转化。类似的有：I，you，he，she，it，we，they 由some，any，no组成的不定代词可以转换 somethinganythingnothing someoneanyone somebodyanybodynobody somewhereanywherenowhere带every的不可转换them-their-theirs-t

6、hemselvesany-anything-nothing2022-11-6代词常用于句子的什么位置呢？人称代词、不定代词常用于：1.动词前（主语）2.动词后（宾语）3.介词后形容词性物主代词，指示代词用于名词前A:Would you like _ more coffee?(some)B:No,thanks.I dont want to eat _ (something).I am too full.I can have _ (something)to eat._(they)always tell _(they)to do _(they)homework by _(they)someanyth

7、ingnothingTheythemtheirthemselves2022-11-6三、形容词：用来修饰名词或代词。表示人或事物的性质，状态和特征。happy_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _形容词常常可以转化成它的比较级和最高级或者副词及反义词,通过加词缀 un，im，ly等构成加ly变副词有：quiet quick loud slow bad busy heavy easy polite safe wide true comfortable-simple terrible angry-busy bright-clear-correct-deep-different-final-free-rea

8、l-recent-sad-soft-usual加ness变名词：kind-ill-sad-happy-T变ce的：different important silent confidentSafe wise strong warm true younghappier happiesthappily more happilymost happilyunhappymore unhappymost unhappy2022-11-6 加un开头：comfortable-fair-happy-crowded-lucky-luckily-pleasant-usual-healthy 加im开头：patien

9、t polite possible 加dis开头：honest appear like agree ed/ing结尾：excite relax amaze surprise interest tire bore move worry a开头 alive alone awake asleep aloud 2022-11-61.We are _(interest)in the _ (interest)movie than the boring one,but they think it is _(interest)of all.2.The _(luck)man became one of _(su

10、ccess)businessman(商人)in the world,_(luck),he was much _(ill病).more interestedinterestingthe most interestingluckyThe most successful unluckilyworse2022-11-6副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念副词的变化较少，主要就是方式副词会进行比较级和最高级的转换。常位于动词后。例如：well high fast early carefully easily 等数词：表数量和顺序的词。基数词和序数词 one _

11、 _ _ two _ _five _ 常用于名词之前。The _(man)in the _(one)picture goes to the movies _(happy)_(one)a week.first onceonessecond twicefifthmanfirsthappilyonce2022-11-6动词：表示动作或者是状态的词。根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：1.系动词（be）2.实义动词（行为动词V）3.助动词4.情态动词（其中情态动词在选词填空考题中不出现）那么be和v有哪些不同的形式变化呢？关键在于判断是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。一、观察这一动词是否用于主语之后，

12、或者是句子的第一个动词，（复合句中，有几个句子就有几个谓语动词）如果是，则为谓语动词，换句话说，该动词要进行时态的分析。先判断语态，时态，再根据时态确定它的形式，下面列举be和V在不同语态和时态中充当谓语动词的形式。2022-11-6 Be：一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在完成时：am is arewas were1.will be 2.am/is/are going to beHave/has been2022-11-6 主动语态V（以play为例）一般现在时：一般过去时：一般将来时：现在进行时：过去进行时：现在完成时1.play 2.plays（当主语为第三人称单数时）played

13、1.will play 2.be going to playbe（am/is/are)+playingbe（was/were)+playingHave/has played2022-11-6 被动语态的谓语动词形式(allow为例)：一般现在时：am/is/are allowed 一般过去时：was/were allowed 一般将来时：will be allowed 情态动词的被动：should be allowed2022-11-6 二、观察到这一动词位于介词之后或者在其它动词后面，则为非谓语动词。该类动词主要根据介词或前一动词来决定它的形式，主要形式有 1.动词不定式 to be/do

14、宾语want to do sth need like stop decide try plan forget begin start remember refuse hope promise be sad would like offer fail expect afford choose happen agree regret 宾补：want sb to do sth tell ask invite promise would like help allow advise need encourage expect warn teach remind lead2022-11-6 目的状语：m

15、ake a decision to do go to Beijing to visit sb To help him learn English,I try to 作定语：something to eat a place to visit 做表语：The best way is to do.My dream is to be a teacher省略to的不定式：make let have see watch hear notice 2022-11-63.动名词doing 任何介词后的动词都加 ing for doing about of in 某些动词之后，like doing enjoy k

16、eep practice finish try stop start mind consider begin suggest look forward to doing spenddoing have fun put off give up pay attention to get used to remind sb of doing feel like be busy cant help 4.现在分词doing see sb doing sth hear find watch notice2022-11-6 动词变名词：Climb dance drive lead own perform p

17、lay report sing travel waiter work write run win Act collect visit invent direct Suggest celebrate protect communicate invite pollute donate organize Achieve excite develop Die choose decide perform serve weigh beginning 2022-11-6 Jim is a kind boy.He always _(help)others.He says he wants_(help)ever

18、yone.He _(help)me with English at school the day before yesterday.I said,“Thank you for _(help)me.”He told me not _(thank)him.He said he enjoy _(help)others.In the future he _(help)more people.He says _(help)others is meaningful.helpsto helphelpedhelpingto thankhelpingwill helphelping2022-11-6 动词是英语

19、中最重要的一种词性，它的形式变换非常多，所以需要平时多积累，多观察，多练习，这样才能正确处理考题。想要走捷径，找技巧，那就多去在练习中认真观察吧！2022-11-6解题技巧解题技巧1.跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。要善于从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找线索2.复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判

20、断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。3.三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。2022-11-64.填词时应注意词形，不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式，名词所有格或转换形容词；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于两者词性转换或比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态及非谓语动词形式。如果是数词则

21、基数序数转换，如果是代词，则考虑主格宾格人称代词，形容词性，名词性物主代词或反身代词，连词一般不变，如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写5.有些空格需要填入介词、连词等，除考虑上下文的内容外，还要考虑和其他词的固定搭配及其习惯用法。2022-11-6 fast.do stopwhereuse.quick easy other work.shoutyour hard Fire is important in our lives but it can also be very dangerous sometimes.Here are some skills for you when a fire ha

22、ppens.When you smell smoke or see fire,“Fire!”as loudly as you can.Get help from your parents or call 119.Tell 119 you are and what is on fire.Listen to 119s instructions.Never try to put out a fire by ,even if its a small one.Get out of the room as as possible.Dont try to take anything with you.A f

23、ire can become very dangerous in a few seconds.If there is a lot of smoke in your room,keep your head and body close to the floor.There is less smoke lower down,so its _ to breathe呼吸 and see where you are going.Test the door before you open it.If its too hot,do not open it.Try to find a different wa

24、y out.not use the lift during a fire.Always use the stairs.A lift may stop .Dont go back to the burning house for your pet or anything else you have left behind.The pet animals can often get out of the room on their own before you do.What if you cant get out of your room?Close the door and put a qui

25、lt(被子)at the foot of the door.The smoke can from coming in.Open the window and shout for help.Let people know that you are still inside the building.Dont stay under the bed.Its hard for to find you.So stay by the window on the floor.Keep these skills in mind,they will be if you are caught in a fire.

26、2022-11-6 two of between clear help happy clean do with on what while like When you laugh,you will open your mouth and your teeth.The healthier those teeth are,the you look.Why is that?Its because your teeth are important in many ways.If you take care of them,theyll help to take care of you.Strong,h

27、ealthy teeth help you eat the right food to help you grow.They also help you speak You can take care of your teeth by doing these:Brush your teeth ,after breakfast and before bedtime.If you can,brush after lunch or after eating sweet cakes.Brush all of your teeth,not just the front ones.Spend some t

28、ime the teeth along the sides and in the back.Take your time brushing.Spend at least 3 minutes each time you brush.Be sure your toothbrush is soft.Ask your parent you get a new toothbrush every three months.Learn how to floss(用牙线清理)your teeth,which is a very important way to keep them healthy.It fee

29、ls strange when you do it at first,but soon youll be used to it.The floss clean up food thats hidden隠藏 your teeth.Brushing and flossing keep your teeth healthy.You also need to care about you eat and drink.Eat much fruits and vegetables and drink water instead of drinks.2022-11-6 阅读下列短文，在每个空格处填入一个适当

30、的英语单词，使短文在结构和意义上完整。Students learn their lessons in class.They sit in the classroom _（1）to the teacher.This is a way of learning.Is this the _（2）way for students to learn？Of course not.There is another way to learn.That is students can teach themselves.For _（3），if you cannot remember something when y

31、ou are doing your homework，what will you do？You can look at your book to _（4）the answer.How to teach yourself？The first thing you must do is reading.Read something you are _（5）in，or you have to read.The second is that you must ask yourself questions.A clever student is usually _（6）at asking questions.The third is to answer the questions yourself by _（7）hard，by reading books，and sometimes by asking _（8）people.These are the ways of teaching yourself.If you keep doing _（9）these for a long time，you are sure to have great _（10）in your study.2022-11-6