初中英语句型转换技巧课件.ppt
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1、1句型转换与翻译技巧2015年3月宁城县第三中学 薛 岩l句型转换基本句式转换同义句转换l1.肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的转换l(1)含有be动词(am,is,are,was,were)、行为动词(do,does,did)和情态动词(can,could,should,will,would,may,might)及含有have/has+p.p的句子;l肯定句改为否定句:直接在be动词、助动词、情态动词后面加notl肯定句改为一般疑问句时,一律将be动词、助动词和情态动前移到句首(首字母大写)l肯定回答用“Yes”;否定回答用“No”。“Yes”或“No”后面的主语必须用代词,“No”后面必须用否定
2、缩略式。牛刀小牛刀小试试改为否定句There are some pay phones on that streetThere arent any pay phones on that street.Tony will travel around the world.Tony wont travel around the world.He can cook Chinese food.He cant cook Chinese food.They have learned all the subjects.They havent learned all the subjects.改为一般疑问句,并作
3、肯定、否定回答1.There is a hotel next to my school.Is there a hotel next to your school?Yes,there is.No,there isnt.2.Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.Is Bridge Street a good place to have fun?Yes,it is.No,it isnt.3.We are cleaning the room now.Are you cleaning the room now?Yes,we are.No,we arent.6
4、句型句型转换转换(2)只含有行为动词的句子必须借助助动词do;does;did;改为否定句时,直接在行为动词后面加dont(一般现在时态,主语是除第三人称单数之外的人称和数时),doesnt(一般现在时态,主语是第三人称单数时),didnt(一般过去时态)改为一般疑问句时,在句首加Do,Does或Did。肯定回答用“Yes”,后面动词用do;does或did”;否定回答用“No”,后面动词用dont;doesnt;didnt。改为否定句1.Mary often plays sports after dinnerMary doesnt play sports after dinner2.Alic
5、e attends the lecture once a week.Alice doesnt attend lecture once a week3.Mike drew a picture on the blackboardMike didnt draw a picture on the blackboard.改为一般疑问句1.The children like playing games.Do the children like playing games?2.Mary usually goes to school on foot.Does Mary usually go to school
6、 on foot?3.Tom went to London yesterday.Did Tom go to London yesterday?92.特殊疑问句的转换把句子转换为特殊疑问句,首先要确定划线部分的“疑问词”,人、物、时间、地点、原因、数量等分别用:who;whom;whose;what;when;where;why;how;how many;how much;how often;how old;how long等。将相对应的疑问词放在句首,其余部分改为一般疑问句的形式,就是特殊疑问句。改完后要注意检查句首的首字母大写和句尾的标点符号。练习对划线部分提问1.The teachers
7、had a meeting yesterday.When did the teachers have a meeting?2.The postage is three Yuan and six JiaoHow much is the postage?3.They helped the old lady clean her house once a week.How often did they help the old lady clean her house?4.Its going to be cloudy tomorrowHow is it going to be tomorrow?Wha
8、t is it going to be like tomorrow?5.The students are planting trees on the hills.Where are the students planting trees?6.They will meet at 11:00.What time will they meet?12肯定句中:前句动作适合后句的人句式:so+be/助/情+主如 She likes drawing.他们也是 So do they.He wrote a letter yesterday.我也写了.So did I.He can help me.So can
9、 we.He is a student.So are we.13He wrote a letter yesterdaySo he did.肯定句中:对前句动作的肯定句式:so+主+be/助/情否定句中:前句的动作适合后句的人句式:Neither/Nor+be/助/情+主He isnt a student.Neither/Nor is she.They havent written it yet.Neither/Nor has he.14句型句型转换转换3.选择疑问句的转换改为选择疑问句时,只需注意根据句子的内容用“or”连接两个并列的成分就可以了。结构:一般疑问句+or+简短的问句答语:不用y
10、es或no.两者之间选其一或者Neither/Both.如:She is Lucy.(Lily)Is she Lucy or Lily?They come to school by bike.(on foot)Do they come to school by bike or on foot?On foot.反意疑反意疑问问句的句的转换转换反意疑问句结构:“陈述句简短问句”,规律:“前面肯定;后面否定”和“前面否定;后面肯 定”的规律和简短问句的主语必须用代词的要求。Tom likes playing football,doesnt he?Xiao Hong didnt like singin
11、g,did she?注意:祈使句的反意疑问句,除Lets开头的一般用shall we?其余无论肯否,一般都用will you?16练习练习l完成下列反意疑问句lTheres something wrong,_ _?lThere is nothing wrong,_ _?lSomeone went there,_ _?lYou will have an interesting life.(用a dull life改为选择疑问句)l _ you an interesting life _ a dull life?lLucy is a studentLily is a doctor(改为选择疑问句)
12、l Lucy a student a doctor?174.祈使句的转换 祈使句,肯定的祈使句,是原形动词开头否定的祈使句是“Dont”开头,后跟原形动词。(主语是I或we时,句子开头用let me或lets)You should remember his telephone number Remember his telephone number,pleaseYou cant go home.Dont go home.I can do it alone.Let me do it alone.We can write them.Lets write them 改为感叹句,必须记住,强调的是名词
13、,句首用What,What后的名词前可以有形容词。句式:What a adj+n(单)What adj +n +主+谓!What adj +n(不可数)强调的是形容词或副词,句首用 How,后面必须紧跟形容词或副词,如The park is beautiful 改为:What a beautiful park!或:How beautiful the park is!感叹句的转换19练习练习改为祈使句You should do homework.You can close the window.You couldnt use my dictionary.改为感叹句(分别用what和how)The
14、 weather is fine !The flower is so sweet !The student is very hard-working.!20句型句型转换转换l同义句转换1.简单句之间的转换技巧:逐个翻译后,与原句进行对照,看缺少了哪个词或哪部分意思,然后再用与其意思相近的词、词组或句型去替换。(因此,在学习中要掌握尽可能多的同义词,平时多注意)例如:They will get to London in four days.They will reach London in four days.lThe runner couldnt catch up with the other
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