高考英语阅读理解技巧细节事实题改-课件.ppt

1、Lets spot the differences英语专题Strategies for Questions of Details英语阅读理解技巧英语阅读理解技巧(事实细节题事实细节题)推理判断题推理判断题 猜测词义题猜测词义题事实细节题事实细节题主旨大意题主旨大意题高考英语阅读理解题考查方式 是非题是非题 年代与数字考点年代与数字考点 WhWh-题题 (who,what,whenwho,what,when,where,why,howwhere,why,how)2010年年9题题2011年年7题题2012年年8题题分析往年试卷卷的阅读细节题分别考查哪些信息？60.How did Percival

2、 feel during his meeting with Laura?(12)50.Who are the intended readers of the passage?(08)63.What made“I”finally think of getting a cell phone?(12)57.When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?(08)72.Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?(09)In 1988,Tanni went to her first Paralympic

3、Games in Seoul.She won bronze in the 400 metres.Even greater success followed at the 1992 Barcelona.Paralympics.Tanni won gold in the 100,200,400 and 800 metres relay,setting two world records in the process.57.When did Tanni win her first Olympic gold medal?A.In 1984.B.In 1988.C.In 1992.D.In 2007事实

4、细节题考查的六大信息 时间 地点 人物 原因 事件 方式 S summary 题干分析1.According to the passage,when(where,why,how,who,what,which,etc.)_?2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsiscorrect/true?（三误一正三误一正）3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误三正一误）4 The author(or the passage)states that_.5.常见设题方式：常见设题方式：题干设计常常避开原文中所

5、用的词汇，而用其同义词、近义词或反义词设题。设题特点：设题特点：Not long ago.My wife,PJ,and I tried a new dietnot to lose a little weight but to answer an annoying question about climate change.72.Why did the author and his wife try a new diet?A.To take special kinds of food B.To respond to climate change.C.To lose weight D.To imp

6、rove their health_ _同同义义词词三大法宝：三大法宝：顺序原则顺序原则二、二、细节理解解题方法细节理解解题方法定位词定位词排除法排除法(一一)、把握解题的顺序原则、把握解题的顺序原则 Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly,The symptoms of f

7、ood poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Certain microorganisms(微生物)cause most types of food poisoning.Bacteria and other microorganisms can poison eggs,meat,vegetables,and many other foods.After entering the body,these tiny living

8、 things release(释放)poisons that make people sick.Some chemicals can also cause food poisoning.They are often added to food while it is being grown,processed,or prepaid.For example,many farmers spray chemicals on crops to kill weeds and insects.Some people may have a bad reaction to those chemicals w

9、hen they eat the crops.Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.These include51题答案52 53题答案53题答案53题答案certain kinds of seafood,grains,nuts,seeds,beans,and mushrooms.When people handle food properly,the risk of food poisoning is very small Microorganisms multiply rapid

10、ly in dirty places and in warm temperatures.This means that people should never touch food with ditty hands or put food on unwashed surfaces.Food should be kept in a refrigerator to stop microorganisms from gnawing.Meat needs to be cooked thoroughly to kill any dangerous microorganisms.People should

11、 also wash food covered with chemicals before eating it.Finally,people should not eat raid mushrooms or other foods that grow in the wild.Some of these foods may contain natural materials that are poisonous to humans.In addition,some types of fish can be poisonous.Most people recover from food poiso

12、ning after a few days of resting and drinking extra water.If people eat natural poisons,they must go to the hospital right away to have their stomachs emptied.(一一)、把握解题的顺序原则、把握解题的顺序原则54题答案二、通过定位词寻找出题点二、通过定位词寻找出题点定位词和主题句定位词和主题句是英语阅读理解解题方法的最重要的两个要素，前者适用于解答细节理解题，后者用于解答主旨大意题。1.表示人名、地名等的专有名词和表示年份、数字、百分数等

13、的数词，以及题干中出现的大写的名词2.表示实体意义，指代一件具体事物的名词3.题干中词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等 (New York)A French tourist highly praised for rescuing a two-year-old girl in Manhattan said he didnt think twice before diving into the freezing East River.Tuesdays Daily News said 29-year-old Julien Duret from France is the man who left the

14、 spot quickly after the rescue last Sunday.He lifted the little girl out of water after she fell off the bank at the South Street Seaport museum.He handed the girl to her father,David Anderson,who had dived in after him.二、通过定位词寻找出题点二、通过定位词寻找出题点Q:Who dived after Duret into the river to save the littl

15、e girl?A.David Anderson B.A passer-by C.His girlfriend D.A taxi driver技巧：定位词在题干中寻找线索，并圈出题干中的名词、动词、形容词等实词，找出线索词在文中的位置。定位词的转换形式：定位词的转换形式：a.同义改写同义改写When I was six,Dad brought home a dog one day,who was called“Brownie”,My brothers and I all loved Brownie and did different things with her.One of us would

16、 walk her,another would feed her,then there were baths,playing catch and many other games.Brownie,in return,loved each and every one of us.One thing that most touched my heart was that she would go to whoever was sick and just be with them.We always felt better when she was around.41.What would Brow

17、nie do when someone was ill in the family?A.Look at them sadly.B.Keep them company.C.Play games with them.D.Touch them gently.sick When I was growing up in America,I was ashamed of my mothers Chinese English.Because of her English,she was often treated unfairly.People in department stores,at banks,a

18、nd at restaurants did not take her seriously,did not give her good service,pretended not to understand her,or even acted as if they did not hear her.41.Why was the authors mother poorly served?A.She was unable to speak good English.B.She was often misunderstood.C.She was not clearly heard.D.She was

19、not very polite.But the key issue is really moneyChina is already spending hundreds of billions of yuan on domestic railway expansion68According to the passage，the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is _ Atechnical issues Bsafety of the system Cfinancial problems Dmaintenance of r

20、ailway tracksb.转变词性与结构转变词性与结构:Confucius suggested Rule as a principle for the conduct of life:“Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.”He assumed that all men were equal at birth,though some potential than others,are that it was knowledge that set men apart.Socrates focused

21、on individual,and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom.He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did.Like Confucius,he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior(下层的)classes.66.What made some people different from others accord

22、ing to Confucius?A.Family B.Potential C.Knowledge D.CommunityBrownie turned out to be more than just our family pet,she went everywhere with us.People would stop and ask if they could pet her.Of course shed let anyone pet her.She was just the most lovable dog.There were many times when wed be out wa

23、lking and a small child would come over and pull pm her hair.she never barked(吠)or tried to get away.Funny thing is she would smile.This frightened people because they thought she was showing her teeth.Far from the truth,she lovely everyone.44.Some people got frightened by Brownie when she_.A.smiled

24、 B.barked C.rushed to them D.tried to be funny(三三)、排除法、排除法（1）正确选项的特征正确选项虽然一般不是原文照搬，但是一般是原文的改写，意思不变。如换一个同义词，把否定改为肯定，把肯定改为否定等。【2010江苏】68.According to the passage,the greatest challenge to the new high-speed railway plan is .A.technical issues B.safety of the systemC.financial problems D.maintenance of

25、 railway tracksa张冠李戴：把A事物的特点说成是B事物的，企图混淆视听。（2）错误选项的特征）错误选项的特征Other early surnames came from peoples occupations.The most common occupational name is Smith,which means a person who makes things with iron or other metals.In the past,smiths were very important workers in every town and village.Some oth

26、er occupational names are:Carter a person who owned or drove a cart;Potter a person who made pots and pans.57.According to the passage,the ancestors of the Potter family most probably _.A.owned or drove a cart B.made things with metals C.made kitchen tools or contains D.built houses and furniture48.

27、What do we know about Jarolim from the text?AShe is successful in her job BShe finds her life full of stresses CShe spends half of her time traveling DShe is especially interested in museumsb.断章取义：抓住一个字眼或细节做文章，对作者本意歪曲的理解。c.过度猜测：文中并没有出现和选项一致的直接信息，选项对文意进行了不切实际的过度猜测。Reading material 2 Food sometimes ge

28、ts poisoned with harmful things.A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning.Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food.Fever is one of the most common symptoms.Q Which

29、of the following statements is NOT true?A.Food when poisoned can make people sick.B.Food poisoning means death.C.Food poisoning comes in varieties.D.Food poisoning can be serious.Passage2 以偏概全Food poisoning is usually not serious,but some types are deadly.Reading material 3 The human body is a livin

30、g machine,and The human body is a living machine,and like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it like all machines,it needs fuel to supply it with energy.That is the food we eat.But how with energy.That is the food we eat.But how much do we need to stay healthy?The energy much do we need to stay he

31、althy?The energy value of food is usually measured in calories.value of food is usually measured in calories.A calorie is the amount of heat required to A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1.The number of cal

32、ories people need per day is The number of calories people need per day is different,as the chart showsdifferent,as the chart shows CALORIES NEEDED PER DAYBaby 750Office worker 2,700Child aged 8 2,100 Woman feeding baby 2,700Man over 70 2,100Boy aged 16 3,000Woman 3,600Farmer 2,600练习题 Q1)_ calories

33、are required to raise the temperature of 5kg of water from 35to 90.A.55 B.175 C.325 D.275 Q2)Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?A.A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does.B.A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a bo

34、y aged 8 does.C.An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does.D.A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.文章【解析】答案为 D。根据文章细节内容，计算公式为：(90-35)51=275根据文章图表，依次验证A、B、C、D 四个答案的内容是否正确。很容易找出 C C 符合图表内容。Back in the fift

35、eenth century,in a tiny village near Nuremberg,lived a family with eighteen childrenIn spite of the hopeless condition,two of the children,Albrecht Durer and Albert,had a dreamThey both wanted to pursue their talent for artAfter many long discussions,the two boys finally worked out an agreementThey

36、would toss a coinThe loser would go down into the nearby mines and,with his earnings,support his brother who attended the academyThen,when that brother who won the toss completed his studies,in four years,he would support the other brother at the academy Tossing a coin,Albrecht Durer won and went of

37、f to NurembergAlbert went down into the dangerous mines and,for the next four years,supported his brother,whose work at the academy was almost an immediate sensation（轰动）By the time he graduated,he had earned considerable fees for his outstanding works When the young artist returned to his village,th

38、e Durer family held a festive dinner to celebrate lbrechts triumphant（胜利的）homecomingAlbrecht drank a toast to his beloved brother for the years of sacrifice that had enabled him to complete his dream“And now,Albert,blessed brother of mine,now it is your turnNow you can go to Nuremberg to look for yo

39、ur dream,and I will take care of you”To show thanks to Albert for all that he had sacrificed,Albrecht Durer painstakingly drew his brothers injured hands with palms together and thin fingers stretched skywardHe called his powerful drawing simply“Hands”,but the entire world almost immediately opened

40、their hearts to his great masterpiece and renamed it“The Praying Hands”Reading material 4 Q1 Which of the following is the correct order of the story？aAlbrecht went to Nuremberg bAlbert supported his brother cThe Durer family held a festive dinner dAlbrecht drew his brothers injured hands eThe broth

41、ers tossed a coin Ab,a,c,d,e Ba,e,c,d,b Ce,a,c,b,d De,a,b,c,d_解题思路：先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案 细节题类型细节题类型1wh1wh细节题细节题2 2 是非题是非题3 3 计算题计算题4 4 图表题图表题5 5 排序题排序题 6 6 其它题其它题 summary 有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项有时命题者故弄玄虚，在选项中加些夸大其词的说法，把中加些夸大其词的说法，把“大约大约”说成说成“绝对，肯定绝对，肯定”(要留意选项要留意选项中诸如中诸如all,abso

42、lutely,only,never,never,completely,definitely等词等词)，把抽象说成具体，或者把，把抽象说成具体，或者把人名、地名、时间等人名、地名、时间等张冠李戴张冠李戴，误，误串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰串起来，从而构成形是实非的干扰项。项。注意注意“陷阱陷阱”：_明显不是文章的信息，与文中事实相反或不符干扰项的特点与概括干扰项的特点与概括:(事实细节题的考点)正误并存正误并存扩大扩大(缩小缩小)范围范围偷换概念偷换概念以偏概全以偏概全无中生有无中生有_信息部分正确，部分错误 _是原文信息，但故意增加或减少细节_符合常识，但不是文章的内容_与原句的内容极为相似

43、，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动_是原文信息，但不是题干要求的内容答非所问答非所问2012年C篇Finally,a cell phoneThats.a phoneWith rates as low as$3.75 per week!“Well,I finally did it.I finally decided to enter the digital age and get a cell phone.My kids have been annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by t

44、he highway for an hour before someone stopped to help.But when I went to the cell phone store,I almost changed my mind.The phones all have cameras,computers and a global-positioning something or other thats supposed to spot me from space.Goodness,all I want to do is to be able to talk to my grandkid

45、s!The people at the store werent much help.They couldnt understand why someone wouldnt want a phone the size of a postage stamp.And the rate plans!They were confusing,and expensive.and the contract(合同）lasted for two years!Id almost given up until a friend told me about her new Jitterbug phone.Now,I

46、have the convenience and safety of being about to stay in touch-with a phone I can actually use.”Friendly Return Policy30 days30 daysCall now and receive a FREE gift when you order.Try Jitterbug for 30 days and if you dont love it,just return it!Why wait,the Jitterbug comes ready to use right out of

47、 the box.If you arent as happy with it as I am,you can return it and get your money back.Call now,the Jitterbug product experts are ready to answer your questions.Call 1-888-809-8794 or visit .Monthly Minutes50100Monthly Rate$14.99$19.99911 AccessFREEFREELong Distance CallsNo additional chargeNo Fri

48、endly Return Policy30 days30 days 2012福建高考卷福建高考卷A篇篇 短文长度：短文长度：398个词。个词。本文作者以自己的亲身经历本文作者以自己的亲身经历引出一部手机订购的优惠条件、引出一部手机订购的优惠条件、资费标准及购买方式，实质上本资费标准及购买方式，实质上本文是一则广告。文是一则广告。63.What made“I”finally think of getting a cell phone?64.On the monthly basis of 100 minutes,the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _.65.An

49、advantage of Jitterbug mentioned in the passage is _.2012年福建高考题阅读C篇63.What made“I”finally think of getting a cell phone?A.Being stuck by the highway.B.Being urged by his grandkids.C.Being persuaded by cell phone alespersons.D.Being attracted by the friendly return policy.2012年福建高考题阅读A篇My kids have b

50、een annoying me and the last straw was when my car broke down，and I was stuck by the highway for an hour before someone stopped to help.答非所问偷换概念答非所问 64.On the monthly basis of 100 minutes,the Jitterbug weekly rate is about _.A.$3.75B.$4.99C.$14.99 D.$19.992012年福建高考题阅读C篇Monthly Minutes 50100Monthly R