高考英语七选五课件(21张).ppt

1、一、考纲解读二、命题趋势规律三、解题步骤四、解题策略五、小结四、解题策略 七选五阅读填空不仅要求我们对所读短文的主旨要义、具体信息有所了解，更要能够把握全篇文脉和作者的谋篇思路。故此，所选材料通常是我们所熟悉的大众化话题，一般多为说明文，偶现议论文和记叙文。短文不会少于三个自然段，不会在同一个自然段设两个以上的空白。文章的第一句不会设空(有小标题的题除外)。所留空白处一般是段落主题句、段落总结句、承上启下句、关键论点支撑句或全篇概括归纳句等。所给的七个选项中有两个选项与正确选项干扰性较大。一般如果能确定其中一个，另一个也基本可以排除了。因此，我一般从三个方面来分析和归纳突破七选五题型的有效途径

2、：段首挖空类、段中挖空类和段尾挖空类。1、段首挖空类、段首挖空类该题型通常可以分为两种情况：A、小标题或段落主题句。阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。(2016全国)_2_ Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants,flowers,patterns and masses of color.Others are concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(

3、肥料)_3_However,there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden.One of them comes from our earliest years.AKnow why you garden BFind a good place for your own garden 2A本题考查段落主题句。根据后面的there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden可知，这一部分主要说明的

4、是首先要弄清楚从事园艺的原因。故A项与之相符。(2015新课标全国)Building Trust in a Relationship Again _3_ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your wellbeing._4_ If youve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But theres a differenc

5、e between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”At some point in all of our lives，well have our trust tested or violated.ALearn to really trust yourself.BIt is putting confidence in someone.CStop regarding yourself as the victim.DRemember that you can expect the best in return.ACB、非小标题类

6、可能是与后文是并列、转折、因果等关系或者段落间的过渡句。阅读后文第一、二句，锁定线索信号词，在选项中查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句之间是紧密衔接的，要注意它们之间的衔接手段，如时间年代的前后对应等。要瞻前顾后找关系，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机地衔接起来，并结合下一段内容，看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。There are three main types of cryptography._2_ For example,the first letters of“My elephant eats too many eels”spell out t

7、he hidden message“Meet me.”_3_You might represent each letter with a number,for example.Lets number the letters of the alphabet,in order,from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter,the message“Meet me”would read“135520135.”EYou can hide a message by having the first letters of each word s

8、pell it out.GAnother way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.3G考查运用语境进行推断的能力。前文已经介绍了一种设置密码的方式，这里又介绍了另一种。故选G。G项中的another也是解题的关键标志词。2、段中挖空类（考查最多）该题型是指在文章或段落的中间挖空，所挖掉的句子通常在语境和逻辑两方面和上下文有密切的关系，所以确定正确选项的方法是所选择的选项应该在语境方面和原文中的相关空白能够无缝衔接。因此我们在解题过程中，要特别注意以下几点：词汇复现

9、。复现是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段。作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词汇复现通常有同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现等。(2014新课标全国)1Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious._2_ Ask kids，“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time？”and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pan

10、cakes better？What could we try next time?2Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it._3_ There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop t

11、heir creativity.AEncourage kids to cook with you.CWe can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.代词。在详读文章和选项的过程中，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，特别是选项中以及空格附近句子中出现的代词。根据代词的单复数和其在句子中所作的成分，我们可以找出代词指代的名词或者句子，从而帮助我们解题。(2014新课标全国)Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and ju

12、mping to false conclusions._4_“Why do you think shes crying？”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face？”“If someone were to do that to you，how would you feel？”FWe can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.4F根据下文“Why do you think.？”和“Can you tell how.？”以

13、及“If someone were.？”可知这里是问孩子怎样判断人的情感，所以上文应该是我们在真实生活中以及在听故事时要问这样的问题。故选F。语篇标记语。语篇标记语是指语篇中各种逻辑连接关系并对语篇连贯起指示作用的词语。语篇标记语可以是表示时间顺序的first，then，next等；表达作者组织语篇方式的for example，in other words，in short等。语篇标记语不仅能表达相邻句子之间的关系，还能表明某一特定语篇的总体走向。因此，对语篇标记语了解得越多，就越可以更好地理解文章的结构和要表达的内容。(2015新课标全国)Training for a marathon re

14、quires careful preparation and steady，gradual increases in the length of the runs._1_，buy the bestfitting，bestbuilt running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet，so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.W

15、hen you have found shoes that seem right，walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit._2_As always，you should stretch(伸展)at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.During the first week，do not think about distance，but run five minutes longer each day._3_，it is wise to take a day

16、off to rest.But during the next week，set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run._4_After two weeks，start timing yourself._5_Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter，you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.AAfter six days BFor a good marathon runner CBefore you

17、 begin your training DWith each day，increase the distance by a half mile EIf they still feel good，you can begin running in them FTime spent for preparation raises the quality of training GNow you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and timeCEADG 空前空后看行文逻辑。一篇文章的句与句之间必然有一定的逻辑关联，如果我们把其

18、中一句抽掉，必然会影响其逻辑意义的顺畅发展。比如说空前空后的两句讨论的不是同一个主题，那么空格处所在的句子一般会起转折、改变话题等作用。因此需要注意前后句是否存在并列、转折、因果及递进等关系。【典例】(2016全国)_5_However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently.AIt is very hard to break a code without the code book.【典例】(2013新课标全国)One is the establishmen

19、t(制定)of broad basic policies with respect to production;sales;the purchase of equipment,materials and supplies;and accounting._4_ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments.E.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.解析根据上文所提到的o

20、ne和下文所提到的the third可知，这里是按照顺序排列，此处应该是第二条，与E项The second aspect.相呼应。答案E 3、段尾挖空类、段尾挖空类 该题型通常有五种情况：1.通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论等的信号词，或前文的同义词句。2.与前文是转折或对比关系。注意在选项中查找表示此类关系的关联词，并对比前文，在内容和主题上是否存在这类关系。3.与前文是并列或排比关系。正确答案中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等。4.所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果选项中找不出与前文的关联，可考虑与下一段开头是否有紧密连接。5.如果

21、第一段的段尾是空白，要确认是否是主题句。通常文章第一段会点明文章的主题句，如果是在段尾，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来。(2014新课标全国)1Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook？Do you have the right materials already？_2_ GA li

22、ttle time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on.解析 G 考查段落大意。根据本段开头“Think ahead”告诉人们提前计划，做好准备，这样做饭就不是件痛苦的事了。故G正确。五、小结五、小结综上所述，七选五解题中需要特别注意以下几点：1.词汇线索。同义词/近义表达甚至相同词汇的重复使用。2.代词。代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。3.连词。如一些表转折的连词，though,but,However,yet，nevertheless等，另外还有一些表并列关

23、系的词，如therefore，and，as well as，also等。因为这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的关系。4.看空前空后句，找出空前空后句中的关键信号词，因此我们可以通过比较选项中某个名词或动词跟空前或空后的一致性或者相关性来确定这两个句子之间有一种关联性，从而选择正确的答案。5.看选项，找出与空前空后句中心词同义，近义或相关性的词语，实现关键词的对接，先易后难，各个突破。此外，我们可以通过句子的逻辑关系或者句子的标点符号来判断该句在文章中的位置；另外，通过阅读选项，有可能找出跟其他选项表达完全不同意思的句子，这样的话我们就可以直接将该选项排除。结束结束