项目采购管理详述(英文版)(-26张)课件.ppt
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1、1Chapter 11:Project Procurement Management2Importance of Project Procurement Management Procurement means acquiring goods and/or services from an outside source Other terms include purchasing and outsourcing Experts predict that by the year 2003 the worldwide information technology outsourcing marke
2、t will grow to over$110 billion3Why Outsource?To reduce both fixed and recurrent costs To allow the client organization to focus on its core business To access skills and technologies To provide flexibility To increase accountability4Project Procurement Management ProcessesProcurement planning:deter
3、mining what to procure and whenSolicitation planning:documenting product requirements and identifying potential sourcesSolicitation:obtaining quotations,bids,offers,or proposals as appropriateSource selection:choosing from among potential vendorsContract administration:managing the relationship with
4、 the vendorContract close-out:completion and settlement of the contract5Figure 11-1.Project Procurement Management Processes and Key Outputs6Procurement Planning Procurement planning involves identifying which project needs can be best met by using products or services outside the organization.It in
5、cludes deciding whether to procure how to procure what to procure how much to procure when to procure7Collaborative Procurement Several organizations,even competitors,have found that it makes sense to collaborate on procurement for some projects Kodak worked with several competitors to develop the A
6、dvantix Advanced Photo System(see What Went Right?)8Procurement Planning Tools and Techniques Make-or-buy analysis:determining whether a particular product or service should be made or performed inside the organization or purchased from someone else.Often involves financial analysis Experts,both int
7、ernal and external,can provide valuable inputs in procurement decisions9Make-or Buy Example Assume you can lease an item you need for a project for$150/day.To purchase the item,the investment cost is$1,000,and the daily cost would be another$50/day.How long will it take for the lease cost to be the
8、same as the purchase cost?If you need the item for 12 days,should you lease it or purchase it?10Make-or Buy Solution Set up an equation so the“make”is equal to the“buy”In this example,use the following equation.Let d be the number of days to use the item.$150d=$1,000+$50d Solve for d as follows:Subt
9、ract$50d from the right side of the equation to get$100d=$1,000 Divide both sides of the equation by$100d=10 days The lease cost is the same as the purchase cost at 10 days If you need the item for 12 days,it would be more economical to purchase it11Types of Contracts Fixed price or lump sum:involve
10、 a fixed total price for a well-defined product or service Cost reimbursable:involve payment to the seller for direct and indirect costs Time and material contracts:hybrid of both fixed price and cost reimbursable,often used by consultants Unit price contracts:require the buyer to pay the seller a p
11、redetermined amount per unit of service12Cost Reimbursable ContractsCost plus incentive fee(CPIF):the buyer pays the seller for allowable performance costs plus a predetermined fee and an incentive bonusCost plus fixed fee(CPFF):the buyer pays the seller for allowable performance costs plus a fixed
12、fee payment usually based on a percentage of estimated costsCost plus percentage of costs(CPPC):the buyer pays the seller for allowable performance costs plus a predetermined percentage based on total costs13Figure 11-2.Contract Types Versus Risk14Statement of Work(SOW)A statement of work is a descr
13、iption of the work required for the procurement Many contracts,mutually binding agreements,include SOWs A good SOW gives bidders a better understanding of the buyers expectations15Figure 11-3.Statement of Work(SOW)TemplateI.Scope of Work:Describe the work to be done to detail.Specify the hardware an
14、dsoftware involved and the exact nature of the work.II.Location of Work:Describe where the work must be performed.Specify thelocation of hardware and software and where the people must perform the workIII.Period of Performance:Specify when the work is expected to start and end,working hours,number o
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