高考英语省略句讲解课件.ppt

1、 省略省略 为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成为了使讲话和行文简洁，句中某些成分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：分有时可省略。省略可分以下几种情况：（一）简单句中的省略（一）简单句中的省略1、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。、省略主语：祈使句中主语通常省略。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。e.g.(I)Thank you for your help.（括号内为省略的词语（括号内为省略的词语,下同）下同）(I)See you tomorrow.(It)Doesnt matter.-How are you?(Im)Fine,thanks.2、省略主谓语或主谓语的

2、一部分。、省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分。e.g.(There is)No smoking.(Is there)Anything wrong?Why(do you)not say hello to him?Read the following sentences and find Read the following sentences and find out what have been left outout what have been left out.ExerciseExercise1.Like more beer?_like more beer?2.Havent seen you f

3、or ages._havent seen you for ages.3.Sounds like a good idea._sounds like a good idea.4.Sorry I couldnt go._sorry I couldnt go.5.Doesnt matter._doesnt matter.Would youWould you I It Im It3 3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留toto。e.g.-Are you going there?-Id like to(go there).He did not give me the chan

4、ce,though he had promised to(give me the chance).(动词动词:want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget,decide,prefer,mean,intend,plan,refuse 等动词宾语。等动词宾语。tell,ask,want,expect,warn等动词的宾补。等动词的宾补。形容词：形容词：glad,happy,pleased,delighted,短语：短语：be going to,be about to,be able to,have to,used to,ought to,be suppose

5、d to)否定形式的省略用否定形式的省略用not to 注意：如果该宾语是注意：如果该宾语是bebe动词或完成时态，动词或完成时态，则须在则须在to之后加上之后加上be或或have。e.g.-Are you an engineer?-No,but I want to be.-He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought to have.I asked him to see the film I asked him to see the film，but he but he didnt want to.-Will you join the game?

6、-Id be glad to.4 4、省略表语。、省略表语。e.g.-Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am(thirsty).5、感叹句根据上下文的省略。、感叹句根据上下文的省略。e.g.What a wonderful film(it is)!(Its)Simply impossible!How beautiful(it is)!6、介词的省略：、介词的省略：e.g.The old man had no difficulty(in)finding his house.一些固定词组：一些固定词组：1)have a hard time(in)doing sth.1)have a h

7、ard time(in)doing sth.2)waste time(in)doing sth.,3)spend(in)doing sth.4)prevent/stop(from),be busy(in)doing,5)be engaged(in)doing,6)theres no use(in)doing,He failed (in)the game.He failed (in)the game.The war lasted(for)four years.但但在句首或与在句首或与walk等连用不可省等连用不可省 Come and see me(at)any time you like.(in

8、,on,at,by)He stayed(at)home all day.He walked(for)three li.(表示距离表示距离的状语中的状语中)（In)This way you will succeed.7 7、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示、名词所有格后面的名词，如果是表示住宅住宅，店铺店铺，教堂教堂或者或者上下文已经暗示上下文已经暗示或或明确指明确指 出过的出过的事物时常省略。事物时常省略。e.g.At her sisters(house),she spent a pleasant weekend.8、连词的省略：连词的省略：not only but(also),whether

9、(or not),so(that)9 9、情态动词、情态动词shouldshould的省略的省略 insist,order,command,suggest,propose,advise,demand,require,request,ask.Its necessary/important/impossible/strange /natural/a pity10、同时省略几个成分。、同时省略几个成分。e.g.Lets meet at the same place as(we met)yesterday.-Have you finished your work?-(I have)Not(finish

10、ed my work)yet.（二）并列句中的省略（二）并列句中的省略 两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前两个并列分句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中一分句中相同的部分。相同的部分。e.g.My father is a doctor and my mother(is)a nurse.I study at college and my sister(studies)at high school.They dont agree with you,neither do I.他们不同意你的意见，我也不同意。他们不同意你的意见，我也不同意。She was poor but(she was)honest

11、.她贫穷但很诚实。她贫穷但很诚实。（三）主从复合句中的省略（三）主从复合句中的省略1、主句中有一些成分被省略。、主句中有一些成分被省略。e.g.(Im)Sorry to hear that you are ill.(It is a)Pity that he missed such a good chance.2、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用、省略了一个从句或从句的一部分，用 so或或not（切不可用（切不可用it或或that）代替。）代替。3.(1)宾语从句中的省略宾语从句中的省略 以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中，若以特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句中，若有与前面主句重复的内容，则可将重复内有与前面

12、主句重复的内容，则可将重复内容省略，而只保留特殊疑问词。容省略，而只保留特殊疑问词。You are unhappy.Can you tell me why?在在Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess 等作答句，后面常用省略形等作答句，后面常用省略形式。式。-Do you think it will rain?-I guess so.常用表达常用表达 I hope so.我希望这样。我希望这样。I hope not 我不希望这样。我不希望这样。Im afraid so/not.我恐怕如此我恐怕如此/不如此不如此 I think/believe/gue

13、ss/expect/imagine/suppose so.我认为我认为/相信相信/猜猜/希望希望/想象想象/认为这样认为这样.I dont think/believe/guess/expect/imagine/suppose so.=I think/believe/guess/expect/imagine /suppose not.我认为不这样。我认为不这样。在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物在宾语从句中常省略连词，但当及物动词之后跟有并列连词动词之后跟有并列连词andand连的两个或两个连的两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词thatthat可省略，后边可

14、省略，后边thatthat不能省。不能省。He told me(that)she was a He told me(that)she was a beautiful girl and that she was beautiful girl and that she was clever.clever.引导主语从句，同位语从句和表语从句的引导主语从句，同位语从句和表语从句的that不能省不能省.4.4.定语从句中的省略定语从句中的省略 在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词thatthat，whichwhich，whomwhom可省略。可省略。He is one o

15、f the man(whom)I can trust.He is one of the man(whom)I can trust.他是我信任的人之一。他是我信任的人之一。This is the best way(that)we should This is the best way(that)we should choose.choose.修饰修饰way或或reason的关系副词的关系副词that(=in which)或或why可以省略。可以省略。This is the way(that/in which)he studies.这就是他学习的方法。这就是他学习的方法。I want to kno

16、w the reason(why)he was late.我想知道他迟到的原因。我想知道他迟到的原因。在非正式语中，关系副词在非正式语中，关系副词when，why，代词，代词as后面的主谓结构可省略。后面的主谓结构可省略。He gave the same answer as(he had given)before.5 5.状语从句状语从句(1)(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be,be,这时从句中这时从句中可出现如下结构可出现如下结构:连词连词(as,as if,once+名词名词)On

17、ce(he was)a teacher,he now works in a government office.连词连词(though,whether,when)+形容词形容词Work hard when(you are)young,or youll regret.连词连词(when,while,though)+(when,while,though)+现在分词现在分词 While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.连词连词(when,if,even if,unless,once,until,than,as)+过去分词过去

18、分词连词连词(as if,as though)+不定式不定式He opened his mouth as if(he were)to speak.(2)(2)当从句主语是当从句主语是 It,It,谓语动词有含有系动词谓语动词有含有系动词bebe时时,可以把可以把 it it系动词系动词bebe一起省略。此时构成连词一起省略。此时构成连词（if if，unless,when unless,when，where,whenever where,whenever）+形容词的结构。形容词的结构。Unless（it is）necessary，youd better not refer to the dic

19、tionary.Fill in the blanks with articles where(it is)necessary.另外另外,我们还可以用我们还可以用soso或或notnot代替上文内容代替上文内容,此此时可有时可有if+so/notif+so/not。Get up early tomorrow.If not(you dont get up early),you will miss the early bus.He may not be at home then,if so(he is not at home),leave him a note.(3)(3)在在thanthan或或a

20、sasasas引导的从句中引导的从句中,常含有一些成分在上下常含有一些成分在上下文清楚的情况下被省略。文清楚的情况下被省略。He has made greater progress than(he did)before/ever.He came home earlier than(he was)expected.She works as hard as young people.Tom plays football as well as,if not better Tom plays football as well as,if not better than,Jack.than,Jack.(

21、=Tom plays football as well as Jack does,if he doesnt play better than Jack does.)We should think more of our class than of ourselves.Im taller than she(is).You hate him as much as I(hate him)6.不定式符号不定式符号to的省略的省略 1).两个或两个以上不定式并列，第一个带两个或两个以上不定式并列，第一个带to，后面的省略后面的省略to。My job is to look after the childr

22、en and teach them English.但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则但如果两个不定式表示对比关系时，则to不能省略。不能省略。To be for the plan or to be against it doesnt mat 赞成或反对这项计划都不要紧。赞成或反对这项计划都不要紧。2).当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实当不定式作表语时，如果前面主语中出现实义动词义动词do及各种形式，则不定式可省略。及各种形式，则不定式可省略。What he wants to do is(to)go home.3).感官动词感官动词(see watch notice hear feel

23、look at listen to等和使役动词（等和使役动词（make let have)后后面作宾补的不定式要省略面作宾补的不定式要省略to.但在被动语态中但在被动语态中要恢复要恢复to（help后的后的to可要可不要可要可不要.eg-I saw the boy fall from the tree.-The boy was seen to fall from the tree.4).介词介词but/except/besides前面有动词前面有动词do，后，后面的不定式省面的不定式省to。He can do nothing but lie down and sleep.他无事可做只好躺下睡觉

24、。他无事可做只好躺下睡觉。7.7.虚拟条件句中的省略：在虚拟条件句中，虚拟条件句中的省略：在虚拟条件句中，如含有如含有had,were,shouldhad,were,should等时，等时，ifif可省略，可省略，句子倒装。句子倒装。如：如：Should it rain tomorrow,you would have to put off your tour.8.主句与从句各有一些成分省略。主句与从句各有一些成分省略。e.g.The sooner(you do it),the better(it will be).A C D A1.1.After living in a village for

25、 so long,Kathy wont want to move to a big city.I dont imagine_.（07.武汉质检）武汉质检）A.so B.too C.it D.thatB.2、He dressed up and went to the party as if_.(07.山东诊山东诊断二断二)C.was invited B.had been invited C.invited D.to be invitedD.3、I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.E._good.(06.湖北湖北)F.Sound

26、 B.Sounded C.Sounding D.SoundsG.4、I reminded you not to forget the appointment.H._.(06.江西江西)I.So you did B.So I do not C.So did you D.So do I5 5、George offered a better suggestion to me than_.George offered a better suggestion to me than_.A.Henry did to Smith B.that of Smiths C.Michaels D.what Charl

27、ie offered to me6、The students expected_to be more reviewing classes before the final exams.(06.中山第一学期期末中山第一学期期末)A.there B.it C.that D.one7、_broken,the glass can not hold water.(06石家庄质检石家庄质检)Once B.After C.On D.Though8、What should I do with this passage?_the main idea of each paragraph.(05.重庆重庆)A.Finding out B.Found out C.Find out D To find out A A A A A C C