高考英语写作：概要写作U型三步法课件.ppt

1、UU.“UU型三步法”在概要写作中的尝试1概要写作评分原则解读2“UU型三步法”的设计思路3“UU型三步法”的设计课例.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要去来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。1.评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；3.上下文的连贯性；4.对各要

2、点表达的独立性情况。.档档 次次描描 述述第第五五档档(21-25)理解准确，涵盖全部要点。能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完 成的概要结构紧凑。完全使用自己的语言。.整体阅读整体阅读提炼归纳提炼归纳解读文本解读文本大大Passage理解准确，涵盖全部要点。小小Passage 能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的 概要结构紧凑。完全使用自己的语言。.UP W要点守恒要点守恒 扩词成句扩词成句压压缩缩文文本本提提炼炼关关键键词词W S增增色色添添彩彩连连句句成成篇篇S P2“UU型三步法型三步法”的设计思路的设计思路 理解准确

3、，理解准确，涵盖全部要点。涵盖全部要点。能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。有效地使用了语句间的连接成分有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使结构紧凑。使结构紧凑。完全使用自己的语言完全使用自己的语言。有效地使有效地使用了语句间用了语句间的连接成分的连接成分,使结构紧凑。使结构紧凑。.“UU型三步法型三步法”之之 第一步第一步 P W整体阅读整体阅读 直接提取法直接提取法间接整合法间接整合法直接间接混合法直接间接混合法utransitional wordslkey words回视语篇回视语篇 词拼图词拼图 还原语篇主要脉络还原语篇主要脉络.第一步第一步 P W 之之 直接

4、提取法直接提取法例1（节选自2013年北京卷阅读理解C篇）The phenomenon of tracking celebrities has been around for ages.In the 4th century B.C.,painters followed Alexander the Great into battle,hoping to picture his victories for his admirers.When Charles Dickens visited America in the 19th century,his sold-out readings attra

5、cted thousands of fans,leading him to complain about his lack of privacy.Tabloids of the 1920s and 1930s ran articles about film-stars in much the same way that modern tabloids and websites do.第二步第二步 W S 之之 同义替换同义替换例1（节选自2013年北京卷阅读理解 C篇）The tracking problem faced by celebrities has a long history.Pe

6、ople have been crazy about/obsessed with chasing celebrities for a long time.The craze for following celebrities started long ago.tracking celebrities for ages.In the 4th century B.C.,in the 19th century,the 1920s and 1930s.第一步第一步 P W 之之 间接整合法间接整合法例2（节选自2014年四川卷阅读理解E篇）Generally,people believe that t

7、he hormone oxytocin is let out in our body in various social situations and our body creates a large amount of it during positive social interactions such as falling in love or giving birth.But in a previous experiment Professor Ryan found that the hormone is also let out in our body during negative

8、 social interactions such as envy.第二步第二步 W S 之之 同义替换同义替换例2（节选自2014年四川卷阅读理解 E篇）The hormone oxytocin is released in negative as well as positive social contacts.Generally,the hormone oxytocin let out positive But negative social interactions .第一步第一步 P W 之之 直接间接混合法直接间接混合法例3（节选自Module 6 Unit 2 Poems）The

9、re are various reasons why people write poetry.Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give a strong impression.Others try to convey certain emotions.Poets use many different forms of poetry to express themselves.例3（节选自Module 6 Unit 2 Poems）reasons write poetry.Some describe

10、 Others convey certain emotions.第二步第二步 W S 之之 同义替换同义替换 People compose poems for different purposes,some descriptive while others emotional.Poems stem from peoples intentions of sharing stories or feelings.Poetry springs from peoples desires to depict things,or to portray emotions.“UU型三步法型三步法”之之 第二步第

11、二步 W Su句内连接句内连接（要点内部）（要点内部）（1）词连接）词连接（2）句型连接）句型连接（3）语法结构连接）语法结构连接要点守恒要点守恒 同义替换同义替换词的精确词的精确 句的达意句的达意 同义替换同义替换.第二步第二步 W S 之之 句内连接（句内连接（要点内部要点内部）例4（节选自2013年北京卷阅读理解 C篇）Although being famous might sound like a dream come true,todays stars,feeling like zoo animals,face pressures that few of us can imagine

12、.They are at the center of much of the worlds attention.Paparazzi camp outside their homes,cameras ready.Tabloids publish thrilling stories about their personal lives.Just imagine not being able to do anything without being photographed or interrupted for a signature.According to psychologist Christ

13、ina Villarreal，celebritiesfamous peopleworry constantly about their public appearance.Eventually，they start to lose track of who they really are，seeing themselves the way their fans imagine them，not as the people they were before everyone knew their names.“Over time,”Villarreal says,“they feel separ

14、ated and alone.”.第二步第二步 W S 之之 句内连接句内连接:词连接词连接 the center of attention celebrities worry public appearacne lose track Celebrities are the focus of much attention.They are very concerned about their public image and start to lose their own identity.Since celebrities are the focus of much attention an

15、d are overly concerned about their public image,they start to lose their own identity.and thus;as a result/consequence;consequently.第二步第二步 W S 之之 句内连接句内连接:句型句型连接连接 Celebrities are the focus of much attention.They are very concerned about their public image and start to lose their own identity.As the

16、 focus of much attention,not only are celebrities overly concerned about their public image,but they also start to lose themselves.As the focus of much attention,celebrities are so concerned about their public image that they even start to lose themselves on the road to fame.第二步第二步 W S 之之 句内连接句内连接:语

17、法结构语法结构连接连接 Celebrities are the focus of much attention.They are very concerned about their public image and start to lose their own identity.Celebrities,the focus of much attention,are particularly attentive to their public image,some even losing their true selves.Chased around nearly all the time,

18、celebrities,who strive to live up to the public expectations,even get lost on the road to fame.“UU型三步法型三步法”之之 第三步第三步 S Pu 句与句连接句与句连接（要点与要点之间要点与要点之间）（1）增加连接词）增加连接词（2）采用连接句）采用连接句（3）应用篇章结构应用篇章结构语篇同构语篇同构衔接自然衔接自然 行文流畅行文流畅.第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 增加连接词增加连接词逻 辑 关逻 辑 关系系连接词连接词表转折表转折yet;but;while;however;neverthel

19、ess;whereas;although;though;despite the fact that;in spite of;on the contrary;on the other hand;even so;in contrast;instead;unlike;different from;unfortunately.表因果表因果therefore;so;as a result/consequence;consequently;hence;thus;accordingly;in this way;because of;due to;thanks to;owing to.表递进表递进whats

20、more;whats worse;worse still;besides;in addition;moreover;also;furthermore;not only.but also;too.to表总结表总结in short;in brief;briefly;to sum up;on the whole;in conclusion;in a word.例5（节选自2014年新课标I卷阅读理解 A篇）A typical lion tamer in peoples mind is an entertainer holding a whip and a chair.The whip get all

21、 of the attention,but its mostly for show.In reality,its the chair that does the important work.When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lions face,the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time.With its focus divided,the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what

22、to do next.When faced with so many options,the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion?How often do you have something you want to achiever(e.g.lose weight,start a business,travel more)only to end

23、up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best,the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information.The end result is that we f

24、eel like we cant focus or that were focused on the wrong things,and so we take less action,make less progress,and stay the same when we could be improving.第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 采用连接句采用连接句.In face of the four legs of a waving chair,a lion stays still,unable to decide which one to concentrate on,_.When co

25、nfronted with numerous choices,people tend to shrink back,making no advances.第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 采用连接句采用连接句 which is often the case with humans.例6（选自2015年广东卷阅读理解C篇）Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,believes its important to distinguish televisions influences on children from those of the family.We

26、 tend to blame TV,he says,for problems it doesnt really cause,overlooking our own roles in shaping childrens minds.One traditional belief about television is that it reduces a childs ability to think and to understand the world.While watching TV,children do not merely absorb words and images.Instead

27、,they learn both explicit and hidden meanings from what they see.Actually,children learn early the psychology of characters in TV shows.Furthermore,as many teachers agree,children understand far more when parents watch TV with them,explaining new words and ideas.Yet,most parents use an educational p

28、rogram as a chance to park their kids in front of the set and do something in another room.Another argument against television is that it replaces reading as a form of entertainment.But according to Anderson,the amount of time spent watching television is not related to reading ability.TV doesnt tak

29、e the place of reading for most children;it takes the place of similar sorts of recreation,such as listening to the radio and playing sports.Things like parents educational background have a stronger influence on a childs reading.“A childs reading ability is best predicted by how much a parent reads

30、.”Anderson says.Traditional wisdom also has it that heavy television-watching lowers IQ scores and affects school performance.But here,too,Anderson notes that no studies have proved it.In fact,research suggests that its the other way around.“If youre smart young,youll watch less TV when youre older,

31、”Anderson says.Yet,people of lower IQ tend to be lifelong television viewers.For years researchers have attempted to show that television is dangerous to children.However,by showing that television promotes none of the dangerous effects as conventionally believed,Anderson suggests that television ca

32、nnot be condemned without considering other influences.第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 采用篇章结构采用篇章结构One traditional belief.Another argument.Traditional wisdom also has.Daniel Anderson,a famous psychologist,contradicts some long-held views about the impact TVs have on kids,arguing that parents should be responsible

33、 instead._,if accompanied by parents,kids know more while watching TV._,watching TV doesnt weaken childrens reading ability which indeed mirrors the reading habits of parents._,no proof shows watching TV reduces kids IQ.第三步第三步 S P 连接之连接之 采用篇章结构采用篇章结构SecondFirstThird.3“UU型三步法型三步法”的设计课例的设计课例例7（选自全国统一考

34、试英语科考试说明P24）Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could op

35、en up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of Fr

36、ance,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifica

37、lly speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths eve

38、r softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologi

39、st（免疫学家）,encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.P-W 之之 transitional words Getting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th cent

40、ury,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So

41、did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.

42、Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards

43、 of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter than white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try

44、to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(免疫学家免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.P-W 之之 key words Get

45、ting rid of dirt,in the opinion of most people,is a good thing.However,there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century,people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin

46、and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538,the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV,King of France,was famous

47、ly dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath,the king ordered that,to avoid the attack of disease,the nobleman should not go out.P-W 之之 key words .P-W 之之 key words Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived,dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th

48、 century.Scientifically speaking,cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet,it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea;clothes need to be whiter t

49、han white,cloths ever softer,surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt,however,gone too far?.P-W 之之 key words Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt,which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contra

50、ry,Mary Ruebush,an American immunologist(免疫学免疫学家家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter position is gaining some ground.W-S 之之 要点要点1 nothing fixed;attitudes to dirt lPeople hold different views towards dirt on our skin.lPeople have mixed opinions