英语高考名词总结课件.ppt

1、 词汇量：词汇量：5500多单词多单词 简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句 词类词类名词名词和和冠词冠词动词动词代词和数词代词和数词介词和连词介词和连词形容词和形容词和 副词副词非谓语动词非谓语动词动词时态动词时态.情态动词情态动词定语从句定语从句名词性从句名词性从句状语从句状语从句高高中中英英语语语言知识语言知识语言运用语言运用 虚拟语气虚拟语气听力听力阅读阅读写作写作词法词法句法句法系动词系动词助动词助动词实义动词实义动词语态语态强调句型强调句型 主谓一致主谓一致倒装倒装省略省略名词考点：名词考点：1.单复数单复数2.所有格所有格3.可数名词不可数名词可数名词不可数名词4.主谓一致主谓一

2、致I.可数名词的复数变法可数名词的复数变法情况情况加法加法例词例词一般情况一般情况以以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的词结尾的词以辅音以辅音y结尾的词结尾的词以辅音以辅音+o 结尾的词结尾的词以以f或或fe结尾的词结尾的词加加-s加加-es去去y加加-ies有生命加有生命加-es，无生命加无生命加-s 把把f/fe改成改成vesbrothers;schoolsbuses;watches;dishesladies;countriesheroes;tomatoeszoos,photoshalves;leaves1.规则动词规则动词不规则名词单复数变化不规则名词单复数变化:（1）单复数同形:sheep,d

3、eer,fish,means,species,works(工厂),aircraft,spacecraft,Chinese,Japanese,Swiss Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen German-Germans American-Americans 鹿羊鱼鹿羊鱼不分不分种类种类各各种种手段手段进进工厂工厂飞行器飞行器后都一致后都一致“中日瑞中日瑞”友好是一致友好是一致“英法英法”联盟联盟a变变e 其余一律加其余一律加s 2）改变字母：man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,sales woman sa

4、les women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse mice basis-bases louse-lice（3）增加字母:child-children,ox oxen,男士女士男士女士a变变e，鹅牙脚鹅牙脚双双o变双变双e孩子们孩子们想去天安门，原形后面想去天安门，原形后面ren老鼠虱子老鼠虱子都爱都爱牛牛（4）以o结尾的词：加s:photo,radio,piano,zoo,studio,bamboo,tobacco加es:tomato,potato,hero,negroNegroes and heroes like to eat tomatoe

5、s and potatoes.（5）以f或fe结尾的词:直接加s：roof,proof,belief,chief,gulf,变f为v再加es：life,wife,knife,half,leaf,wolf,thief,shelf,self 黑人英雄爱吃土豆和黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿西红柿妻子妻子持持刀刀去宰去宰狼狼，小偷小偷吓得发了慌吓得发了慌躲在躲在架架后保后保己命己命，半半片片树叶树叶遮目光遮目光(6)合成名词的复数形式：1.将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数：looker(s)-on,passer(s)-by,mother(s)-in-law 无主体名词将最后一部分变为复数：grown-up(

6、s),go-between(s)(中间人），2.含man或 woman的合成名词：它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如：a man doctor-two men doctors woman teacher-women teachers注意：boy students,girl friends,lady doctors一些名词经常以复数形式出现：trousers,pants,shorts,glasses,compasses圆规,scales天平,scissors剪刀裤子和眼镜，天平圆规和剪子s叮得紧，只因两条腿。A名词只能用复数形式的短语：do exercises（做操）take notes (做

7、笔记）take turns（轮流）make friends with（交朋友）shake hands with (握手）as follows（如下）in rags（衣衫褴褛）in dozens（成打的）II.不可数名词的不可数名词的”数数”1.抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：抽象名词（不可数）具体化（个体名词，可数名词）in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)by experience靠经验 an exp

8、erience一次经历youth青春 a youth一个青年人have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事1.Failure is the mother of success.2.He thought himself a failure.3.He has got rich experience after many experiences4.Though she loves beauty,she is not a beauty.5.He gains success in marriage,but he is not a

9、 success in career.2.抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.Would you like to have a walk(swim,bath,talk)with me?It is a waste of time reading such a novel.必须牢记的不可数名词必须牢记的不可数名词progress advice fun informationwork baggage luggage news jewelry

10、 weather equipment knowledge homework furniture改错：1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.2.If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges.1)当不可数名词表示个体时，必须使用单位名词(量词)。a piece of advice/bread/chalk/news a pair of glasses/shoes/trousers two bottles of ink/milk/win

11、e 2）下面不可数名词不可与不定冠词连用。advice weather knowledge homework progress fun news housework information furniture traffic 3)有些名词的用法随意义变化而不同。有些名词的用法随意义变化而不同。coffee(咖啡)a coffee(一杯咖啡)glass (玻璃)a glass (玻璃杯)man (人类)a man (男人)iron (铁)an iron(熨斗)room （空间）a room（房间）work （工作）a work（著作）paper （报纸）a paper（报社）hair （头发）h

12、airs（几根头发）III.III.名词单复数的特殊情况名词单复数的特殊情况:(1)集体名词只用作复数：police,cattle,people，public,the youth(2)集体名词用作不可数名词:clothing,furniture,luggage(baggage),wealth(3)集体名词视具体情况而定单复数：family,class,population,staff,crew,couple,public,group,team,party,club,company,government,committee,audience,enemy(1)(4)只有复数形式的名词:clothe

13、s,trousers,jeans,twins,glasses,scissors,goods，wages,tears,(5)以s结尾但不表示复数:mathematics,physics,politics,news,woods(森林),works(工厂)(6)有没有s结尾意义不同：glass glasses,cloth clothes,work works,water waters,wood woods,goodgoods,time times(时代),paper papers(论文)custom customs(海关),(7)姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩:the Greens；the C

14、hengs tomorrows weatherin two years time two hours delay注意：two hours delay=a two-hour delay：例如：We have ten minutes break.We have a tenminute break.双重属格：限定词+名词+of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词强调左边的名词是右边名词的一部分：a friend of my fathers;two classmates of mine some friends of my brothersthat book of Tims.语境感悟语境感悟Two _1_(月

15、)ago，I had dinner at _2_(Mr.White)with two _3_(朋友)and three _4_(英雄).During the dinner，White talked a lot about his _5_(experience)in America.He told me that they met with many (difficult).He gained his _8 _(wealthy)by printing works of famous writers.After the dinner，he made five _ 9_(tea)for us.As

16、far as I am concerned，I thought Mr.White focused too much on (successful)because he didnt want to be a _10_(fail).monthsMr.Whitesfriendsheroesexperiencedifficultieswealthteassuccessfailure高考真题高考真题1.One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.2.The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.3.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.4.If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges.5.I stayed here for one and a half hour and made sure that the girl was all hope you understand.parentsyearsairhoursknowledge