2020届高考英语-定语从句讲解与专项练习.ppt

1、2020届高考英语-定语从句讲解与专项练习概念概念 在复合句中，修饰一个名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句；被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句必须放在先行词之后；引导定语从句的词叫关联词（关系代词/关系副词）。如：关联词关联词 常见的关联词：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose 关系副词：where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。试一试试一试将下列句子合并为一句1.Xiao Wang has found the key.I lost the key yesterday.Xiao Wang has fo

2、und the key which/that I lost yesterday.2.Where is the beautiful picture?You bought it last Sunday.Where is the beautiful picture which/that you bought last Sunday.3.The bridge has been rebuilt now.It was built in 1956.The bridge that/which was built in 1956 has been rebuilt now.4.The building is on

3、 the other end of the street.She is looking for the building.The building that/which she is looking for is on the other end of the street.练一练 1.The book_ I bought yesterday is lost.A.that B.whose C.who D.whom2.The river _ is in front of my village is quite clean.A.who B.what C./D.that3.Mount Wuyi _

4、lies in the north of Fujian is famous for its mountains.A.which B.what C.who D.whoseB.4.This is the book_ I want very much.C.who B.this C.it D.thatD.5.China is a great country _ has about 5,000 years of history.E.A.that B.who C.or D.whereADADA考一考考一考标出下列句中的定语从句，并将句子译为汉语标出下列句中的定语从句，并将句子译为汉语1.Bring me

5、the magazine which lies on the shelf in the living room.把客厅里书架上的那本杂志给我拿来。2.There are some desks and chairs in the meeting room.Which need repairing.会议室里有一些需要修理的桌椅。3.The rubbish which Wang Dong has collected must be burnt.王东收集的垃圾必须烧掉。注意：关系词只能用 that 的情况：a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本

6、身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用 that，而不用，而不用 which。例如：例如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第他是第一个通过考试的人。一个通过考试的人。b.被修饰的先行词为被修饰的先行词为 all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，the one 等不定代词等不定代词时，只能用时，只能用 that，而不用，而不用 which。例如：。例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？你

7、在商店里有什么东西要买吗？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？c.先行词被先行词被 the only，the very，the same，the last，little，few 等词修饰时，只能用等词修饰时，只能用 that，而不用，而不用 which。例如：例如：This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行这就是我丢的那辆自行车。车。注意继续d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用 that，而不用而不用 which。例如：。例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures

8、 that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以以 who 或或 which 引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只 能用能用 that。例如：。例如：Who is the girl that is crying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？谁？f.主句是主句是 there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用结构，修饰主语的定语从句用 that，而不用而不用 which。例如：。例如：There is a book on the desk that belo

9、ngs to Tom.桌桌子上那本书是汤姆的。子上那本书是汤姆的。注意（二）：关系词只能用 which，而不用 that 的情况：a.先行词为先行词为 that，those 时，用时，用 which，而不用而不用 that。例如：。例如：Whats that which is under the desk？在桌子在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？底下的那些东西是什么？b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用关系代词前有介词时，一般用 which，而不用，而不用 that。例如：。例如：This is the room in which he lives.这是他居住这是他居住的房间。的房间。c.引导非限制性定语

10、从句，用引导非限制性定语从句，用 which，而不用而不用 that。例如：。例如：Tom came back，which made us happy.汤姆汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴回来了，这使我们很高兴 关于非限制性定语从句的分类定语从句的分类 根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。(非限制性定语从句高中学，初中不作要求)which/that(which/that)(who/that)(1)These are th

11、e treeswere plantedlast year.(2)The carhe is using ismade in China.(3)Is this the manyou met yesterday?(4)Is this the musicianyou like best?(that/who)巩固练习巩固练习：填入关系代词：填入关系代词that,which,who 1.The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy who/that is smiling is Tom.The girlthat/who has a round face is Kate.

12、2.The girl is Kate.She has a round face.3.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man who/that I told you about.巩固练习巩固练习：以划线的句子为定语组成一个定语从句：以划线的句子为定语组成一个定语从句 4.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who/that)everyone likes is kind.The woman(whom/that)we saw on the street got the job.5.The wo

13、man got the job.We saw her on the street.小测：用适当的关系词填空：小测：用适当的关系词填空：1.Last night I saw a very good film,_ was about the youth.2.I like places _ it is quiet.3.My birthday is a time _ I get lots of presents.4.The meeting was put off,_ was exactly what we wanted.5.The student _ you want to see has come.

14、6.The girl _ father is a martyr studies very hard.whichwherewhenwhichwho/whomwhose难点难点(1)：区分：区分who,whom,whose 1.The man _ talked to you just now is a worker.2.The foreigner _ visited our class yesterday is from Canada.3.I saw some trees _leaves were black.4.A nurse is a person _ job is to take care

15、of the patient in the hospital.5.Id like to see the boy _ you talked about.6.The girl _ we saw yesterday is Johns sister.whowhowhosewhosewhomwhom难点难点(2):关系代词在定语从句中作关系代词在定语从句中作宾语宾语时时 可可省略省略，作主语则不可。，作主语则不可。1.Did you read the book _ I lend to you?A.whose B./C.who D.what2.Did you read the book _was popu

16、lar at the moment.A.that B./C.who D.what BA难点难点(3):介词前置介词前置：1、介词前置时不可用、介词前置时不可用that 代替。代替。2、词组不可前置、词组不可前置1.This is the dictionary _ I paid ten dollars.A.which B./C.who D.for which2.I saw a women _ I talked yesterday.A.who B.whom C.to whom D.whose3.This is the farm _ I once worked.A.in which B.on whi

17、ch C.at which D.which 4.Is this book _you are _?A.for which,looking B.for that,looking C.which,looking for D.which,looking DCBC难点难点(4):特殊情况特殊情况1.Tom told his father everything_ had happened.A.that B.which C.D.what 2.Finally,the thief handed all money _ he had stolen to the police.A.which B.whose C.t

18、hat D.what 3.This is the last time _ Ill teach you.A.which B.that C.when D.on which 4.The film I saw a few days ago is the best one _ Ill ever seen.A.which B.what C.that D.on which ACBC5.There is a book _you have read .A.that B.which C.what D.who6.It is a book _is very interesting.A.who B.which C./D

19、.that7.Who is the girl _ is singing at the party.A.who B.whom C.that D.which8.They visited the workers and factories _ they had known about.A.which B.who C.whom D.that ADCD难点难点(5):关系副词关系副词where、when和和why做地点状语、做地点状语、时间状语和原因状语并可与介词时间状语和原因状语并可与介词+which 转换。转换。1.We will never forget the hard time _ we wo

20、rked on the farm.A.who B when C where D why 2.We have just flown over the mountain _ we planted many trees last year.A.who B when C where D why 3.Leave your shoes _they are.A.when B.where C.why D.what 4.The reason _ she didnt come to the party is her bad cough.A.who B.when C.where D whyC CBD定语从句专项练习

21、题初中中考衔接1.Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure.A.which B.what C.as D.those 2.Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago?A.that B.where C.which D.the one 3.I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A.as B.that C.which D.what 4.Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in

22、the concert we attended last night.A.which B.whom C.who D.that 5.Anyone _ this opinion may speak out.A.that against B.that against C.who is against D.who are against A B A D C6.Can you lend me the novel _ the other day?A.that you talked B.you talked about it C.which you talked with D.you talked abou

23、t 7.Is there anything _ to you?A.that is belonged B.that belongs C.that belong D.which belongs 8.Its the third time _ late this month.A.that you arrived B.when you arrived C.that youve arrived D.when youve arrived 9.It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A.that B.which C.when D.in which D B C CThank you!