上颌面中颌面骨折解剖形态综述uppermidface课件.ppt
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- 上颌 面中颌面 骨折 解剖 形态 综述 uppermidface 课件
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1、Craniomaxillofacial1.2mm Upper-Face Module1.2mm1.2mm上面部模块上面部模块1.7mm Mid-Face Module1.7mm1.7mm面中部模块面中部模块Universal Mandible下颌通用套件下颌通用套件Mini-Plating System迷你接骨板系列迷你接骨板系列Universal Neuro2系列系列Mini-Plating System迷你接骨板系列迷你接骨板系列CraniomaxillofacialUpper Face/Mid Face上面部上面部/面中部面中部CraniomaxillofacialMidface面中部面
2、中部The Midface is comprised primarily by Two Bones:面中部主要包括两块骨骼:面中部主要包括两块骨骼:The Maxilla&the Zygoma上颌骨和颧骨上颌骨和颧骨 Maxillary fractures account for approximately 10%to 20%of all facial fractures在所有面部骨折中上颌骨骨折的发生率约为10%-20%。CraniomaxillofacialButtresses支柱效应支柱效应Support pillars of the face and they transmit for
3、ces to the base of the skull.像柱子一样支撑面部并将压力传导到头盖骨底部。Reconstruction of these buttresses is the key to maxillary/midfacial repair(and the general principle of plate osteosynthesis)在上颌骨/面中部骨折的修复中重建这些支柱非常关键(这也是颌面修复接骨板应用的普遍原则)。CraniomaxillofacialButtresses支柱效应支柱效应Vertical垂直的Pterygomaxillary(posterior)翼突上颌
4、(后面)Zygomatico-maxillary(lateral)颧骨上颌(侧面)Nasomaxillary(medial)鼻上颌(中间)Horizontal水平的Nasofrontal(supraorbital rims)鼻骨额骨(眼眶上缘)Nasomaxillary(inferior orbital rims)鼻上颌(眼眶下壁)Inferior border of mandible下颌骨下缘Craniomaxillofacial Horizontal Vertical 水平的水平的 垂直的垂直的CraniomaxillofacialFrontal Bone额骨Nasal Bones鼻骨Et
5、hmoid筛骨Lacrimal Bone泪骨Zygoma颧骨Maxilla上颌骨Alveolar Process牙槽突CraniomaxillofacialCraniomaxillofacial(CMF)Trauma颅颌面(颅颌面(CFM)外伤)外伤Direct exposure and fixation of these buttresses provides anatomical restoration.直接暴露并固定这些支柱有助于解剖结构的恢复。Main goal is to restore:修复的主要目标:Height高度 Width宽度 Projection 投影Craniomaxi
6、llofacialSurgical Exposure Selection术野选择术野选择Cosmetic appearance,inconspicuous area对外表影响较小的不明显的区域。Avoid when possible muscles and nerves尽量避开肌肉及神经。Sensory nerves and cranial nerves感觉神经及颅神经Also consider unique anatomy of patient还要考虑到患者解剖结构的特殊性。Utilize open wounds for exposure to fracture site利用开放的伤口暴露出
7、骨折的位置。CraniomaxillofacialExposure of the maxilla:暴露上颌骨 Intraoral:vestibular incision/Sublabial/Gingivobuccal sulcus口内入路:前庭切口/唇下/牙槽沟 Periorbital:眶周入路 Subciliary 睫下 Transconjunctival经结膜 Subtarsal 跗骨下 Infraorbital眶下 Lateral brow眉弓外侧 Coronal冠状 Upper Eyelid/Blephoroplasty 上睑/内眼角Zygoma:颧骨:Gillies Gillies入
8、路Coronal冠状Lateral brow眉弓外侧Blepharoplasty眼睑成形术Naso-orbital-ethmoidal:鼻-眶-筛 bicoronal incision 双侧冠状切口Upper/MidFace Surgical Approaches上面部上面部/面中部手术入路面中部手术入路CraniomaxillofacialCoronal Approach冠状入路冠状入路To access:Zygomatic arch,Superior,medial&lateral orbital rims,Naso ethmoidal Region,and Frontal Sinus可进入
9、:颧弓、眼眶前部、中间及后部、鼻筛区及额陡CraniomaxillofacialCoronal Approach冠状入路冠状入路Pericranium颅骨膜CraniomaxillofacialCoronal Approach冠状入路冠状入路CraniomaxillofacialGillies Approach Gillies 入路入路For Closed Reduction of a Zygoma Fracture用于颧骨骨折的闭合性复位用于颧骨骨折的闭合性复位CraniomaxillofacialUpper Lid Blepharoplasty上眼睑成形术入路上眼睑成形术入路Zygoma
10、Fractures,Frontozygomatic Suture Line,and Orbital Roof Fractures,Lateral brow颧骨骨折、额颧缝及眶顶骨折、眉弓外侧CraniomaxillofacialLateral Brow Incision眉弓外侧切口眉弓外侧切口Zygoma Fractures,Frontozygomatic Suture Line,and Orbital Roof Fractures,Lateral brow颧骨骨折、额颧缝及眶顶骨折、眉弓外侧CraniomaxillofacialLateral Brow Incision眉弓外侧切口眉弓外侧切
11、口CraniomaxillofacialTransconjunctival Approach经结膜入路经结膜入路Inferior Orbital Rim,Orbital Floor,ZMC fractures,Lateral Rim,and Medial Wall前眶部、眶底、颧颌骨折、眶外侧壁及内侧壁CraniomaxillofacialSubcilliary Approach睫下入路睫下入路Inferior Orbital Rim,Orbital Floor,ZMC fractures and Lateral Rim眶下缘、眶底、颧颌骨折、眶外侧CraniomaxillofacialInf
12、raorbital Incision眶下切口眶下切口Inferior Orbital Rim,Orbital Floor,ZMC fractures and Lateral Rim眶下缘、眶底、颧颌骨折、眶外侧Craniomaxillofacial Subtarsal Approach跗骨下入路跗骨下入路Craniomaxillofacial Subtarsal Approach跗骨下入路跗骨下入路Tarsal Plate睑板Craniomaxillofacial Periorbital Incisions眶周切口眶周切口Lateral Brow眉弓外侧Upper Eyelid/Blephar
13、plasty上睑/睑成形术Transconjunctival经结膜Subciliary睫下Subtarsal跗骨下Infraorbital眶下CraniomaxillofacialVestibular/Sublabial/Gingivobuccal Sulcus Incision前庭前庭/唇下唇下/牙龈槽切口牙龈槽切口CraniomaxillofacialVestibular/Sublabial/Gingivobuccal Sulcus Incision前庭前庭/唇下唇下/牙槽沟切口牙槽沟切口CraniomaxillofacialVestibular/Sublabial/Gingivobucc
14、al Sulcus Incision前庭前庭/唇下唇下/牙槽沟切口牙槽沟切口CraniomaxillofacialUniversal Upperface/Midface通用上面部通用上面部/面中部面中部CraniomaxillofacialZygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture(ZMC)颧颌复合体骨折(颧颌复合体骨折(ZMC)Most common midface fracture!是最常见的中面骨折CraniomaxillofacialZygoma Fracture:Surgical Approaches颧骨骨折:外科手术入路颧骨骨折:外科手术入路 Late
15、ral brow incision(in or below the eyebrow)for access to the ZF suture 眉弓外侧切口(在眉毛里或在眉毛下)达到颧骨骨折线。Vestibular incision for access to the zygomaticomaxillary buttress 前庭切口可以暴露颧颌支。Subciliary,transconjunctival,subtarsal,or infraorbital for the inferior orbital rim and orbital floor 睫下、经结膜、跗骨下或眶下入路用于暴露眶下部及眶
16、底。Gillies:Reposition of the zygoma temporally Gillies入路:可用于颧骨的临时复位。Transbuccal(sharp hook or bone repositioning pin)经颊的(可应用锐钩或骨复位针)CraniomaxillofacialZMC Fracture:Treatment颧颌复合体骨折:治疗颧颌复合体骨折:治疗Exposure of the fracture sites暴露骨折位点。Reduction of the fractured bone with a sharp hook or repositioning pin用
17、锐钩或复位针将断骨复位。Functionally stable plate osteosynthesis功能性稳定的接骨术CraniomaxillofacialZMC Fracture:Repositioning Pin颧颌复合体骨折:复位针颧颌复合体骨折:复位针Transbuccal Stab Incision经颊针刺切口CraniomaxillofacialClassification of ZMC Fractures颧颌复合体骨折的分类颧颌复合体骨折的分类Increasing displacement位移位移增大增大 Occular dystopia异位 Flat cheekbone c
18、osmetic deformity颧弓变平Increased comminuting加重粉碎损伤加重粉碎损伤 Floor&lateral wall disruption 底部及外侧壁断裂CraniomaxillofacialZMC Fracture Types颧颌复合体骨折类型颧颌复合体骨折类型第1类第2类第3类第4类CraniomaxillofacialType 1&2 ZMC Treatment第第1类及第类及第2类颧颌复合体骨折的治疗类颧颌复合体骨折的治疗Reduction修复修复Two point fixation with rigid miniplates(1.2/1.7mm):用微
19、型硬接骨板(用微型硬接骨板(1.2/1.7mm)进行)进行两点固定两点固定ZF suture&Inferior orbital rim颧颌缝及眶下缘颧颌缝及眶下缘CraniomaxillofacialType 3 ZMC Treatment第第3类颧颌复合体骨折类颧颌复合体骨折Reduction 修复修复Wire interfragmentary alignment线性骨折线性骨折Three point fixation:三点固定三点固定ZF suture颧颌缝颧颌缝Inferior Orbital Rim眶下缘眶下缘Zygomaticomaxillary buttress 颧颌支颧颌支Cra
20、niomaxillofacialType 4 ZMC Treatment第第4类颧颌复合体骨折类颧颌复合体骨折Reduction修复修复Fragment stabilization稳定稳定断骨片断骨片+/-Bone grafting 骨移植骨移植4 point fixation:四点四点固定:固定:ZF suture颧颌缝颧颌缝Inferior Orbital Rim眶下缘眶下缘Zygomaticomaxillary buttress颧颌支颧颌支Zygomatic arch颧弓颧弓CraniomaxillofacialOrbital Involvement with ZMC Fracture合
21、并有眼眶损伤的颧颌复合体骨折合并有眼眶损伤的颧颌复合体骨折Fractures of the zygoma are always connected with fractures of the orbital floor颧骨的骨折总是伴随着与之相连的眶底骨折颧骨的骨折总是伴随着与之相连的眶底骨折Fracture site骨折点Optical Canal视神经管视神经管Zygomatic Suture颧颌缝颧颌缝Infraorbital Rim眶下缘眶下缘Infraorbital Foramen眶下孔眶下孔CraniomaxillofacialBones of the Orbit眶骨的组成眶骨的组
22、成Zygoma(orange)颧弓(橙色)Nasal鼻Lacrimal(Red)泪骨(红色)Maxilla上颌骨Frontal(Purple)额骨(紫色)Ethmoid(Gold)筛骨(金色)Sphenoid(Green)蝶骨(绿色)Lateral Orbital rim外侧壁Medial orbitalRim内侧壁Medial wall内壁Inferior orbital rim下侧壁SuperiorOrbital Rim上壁Behind the eye后眼窝Behind the eye后眼窝Patients left eye患者的左眼患者的左眼CraniomaxillofacialSupe
23、rior View of Inferior Orbital Rim眶下壁俯视图CraniomaxillofacialOrbital Floor with ZMC Fracture颧颌复合体复合眶下壁骨折颧颌复合体复合眶下壁骨折Fractures are reduced prior to orbital floor reconstruction将断骨复位后再重建眶底。CraniomaxillofacialBasic Orbital Floor Plate基本眶底修复板基本眶底修复板Connection bars are anchored to infraorbital rim将连杆锚定在眶下缘。
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