商务英语综合教程(二版-上册)Unit-5-Recent-economic-development课件.ppt

1、In spite of the global recession,Chinas economy grew 8.7 percent in 2009.Growth decelerated significantly in end 2008 and early 2009 as exports collapsed amidst the global recession.But,Chinas massive stimulus package kicked in the second quarter of 2009.We estimate that quarter on quarter gross dom

2、estic product(GDP)growth peaked in the second quarter and moderated to an average 10 percent in the second half(seasonally adjusted annualized(SAAR),bringing year on year(yoy)GDP growth to 10.7 percent in the fourth quarter.decelerate vi.减速，降低速度 vt.使减速collapse vi.倒塌；瓦解；暴跌 vt.使倒塌，使崩溃；使萎陷 n.倒塌；失败；衰竭re

3、cession n.衰退；凹处；后退；不景气robust adj.强健的；健康的；粗野的；粗鲁的infrastructure n.基础设施；公共建设；下部构造subsidy n.津贴；补助金；补贴budget n.预算，预算费 vt.安排，预定；把编入预算 vi.编预算，做预算 adj.廉价的deficit n.赤字；不足额real estate n.不动产，房地产1.global recession全球经济衰退全球经济衰退 A global recession is a period of global economic slowdown.The International Monetary

4、 Fund(IMF)takes many factors into account when defining a global recession,but it states that global economic growth of 3 percent or less is equivalent to a global recession.By this measure,four periods since 1985 qualify:19901993,1998,20012002 and 20082009.2.stimulus刺激刺激 In economics,fiscal policy

5、is the use of government expenditure and revenue collection(taxation)to influence the economy.Fiscal policy can be contrasted with the other main type of macroeconomic policy,monetary policy,which attempts to stabilize the economy by controlling interest rates and the money supply.The two main instr

6、uments of fiscal policy are government expenditure and taxation.3.budget 预算预算 A budget is a list of all planned expenses and revenues.It is a plan for saving and spending.A budget is an important concept in microeconomics,which uses a budget line to illustrate the trade-offs between two or more good

7、s.In other terms,a budget is an organizational plan stated in monetary terms.A government budget is a legal document that is often passed by the legislature,and approved by the chief executive-or president.For example,only certain types of revenue may be imposed and collected.Property tax is frequen

8、tly the basis for municipal and county revenues,while sales tax and/or income tax are the basis for state revenues,and income tax and corporate tax are the basis for national revenues.4.deficit 赤字赤字 A governments deficit can be measured with or without including the interest it pays on its debt.The

9、primary deficit is defined as the difference between current government spending and total current revenue from all types of taxes.The total deficit(which is often just called the deficit)is spending,plus interest payments on the debt,minus tax revenues.5.mortgage 抵押抵押 A mortgage loan is a loan secu

10、red by real property through the use of a mortgage note which evidences the existence of the loan and the encumbrance of that realty through the granting of a mortgage which secures the loan.However,the word mortgage alone,in everyday usage,is most often used to mean mortgage loan.6.government trans

11、fer政府转移支付政府转移支付 In economics,a transfer payment(or government transfer or simply transfer)is a redistribution of income in the market system.These payments are considered to be no exhaustive because they do not directly absorb resources or create output.Examples of certain transfer payments include

12、welfare(financial aid),social security,and government subsidies for certain businesses(firms).7.Government spending or government expenditure政府政府支出支出 It is classified by economists into three main types.Government acquisition of goods and services for current use to directly satisfy individual or co

13、llective needs of the members of the community is classed as government final consumption expenditure.Government acquisition of goods and services intended to create future benefits,such as infrastructure investment or research spending,is classed as government investment(gross fixed capital formati

14、on),which usually is the largest part of the government gross capital formation.Acquisition of goods and services is made through own production by the government(using the governments labour force,fixed assets and purchased goods and services for intermediate consumption)or through purchases of goo

15、ds and services from market producers.Government expenditures that are not acquisition of goods and services,and instead just represent transfers of money,such as social security payments,are called transfer payments.Government spending can be financed by seigniorage,taxes,or government borrowing.Co

16、mprehension of the TextI.Answer the following questions according to the text.1)Was Chinas econonmy greatly affected by the global recession?and why？2)What result in Chinas robust growth in 2009?3)What has been a key part of the massive monetary expansion in 2009?4)How was real estate investment in

17、early 2009 and how about in the second half of 2009?5)What boosted purching power in 2009?Language SkillsII.Word Study 1.The prefixes-in and-im are used to form words of the opposite meaning.eg.possible-impossible formal-informalNow complete the following table.words-inwords-imgloriousmoralarticulat

18、epatientcapablebalancecautiouspolite2.Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below.Change the form where necessary.1.He has not the technical _to attempt this repair job.2.We ve got to try and _our salesmen to fulfill the marketing goal.3.The desert _away as far as the eye could see.

19、4.If you want to _that you catch the plane,take a taxi.5.Helen _ the company-_private secretary to the managing director.6.North Sea oil _a high proportion of our export earnings.7.The sales director is preparing the companys advertising _for 2007.8.The knowledge that a rescue team would be searchin

20、g for them_ the trapped miners.9.The new underground railway will _the journey to the airport.10.If I were you I would not get _their problems.know-how,ensure,budget,sustain,facilitatestretch,serve as,involve in,account for,motivate 3.Choose right answers to fill in the blanks.1.With an application

21、form enclosed,we shall be glad if you will _ an irrevocable letter of credit.A.arrange to open B.be arranged to openC.arrange for the opening D.arrange for open2._ pessimistic,it may be several months before we see a strong upturn.A.Be B.Being C.Very D.To be3.We would ask that we _ to pay your accou

22、nt by four monthly remittances of US$5,000,with a final adjustment in the fifth month.A.allowed B.allowing C.be allowed D.having to allow 4.I trust you will be able to accept our proposal as the quickest way of _ your account.A.clear B.cleared C.clearing D.making clear5.The slowdown in the regional

23、economy is likely to _ people from making large deals on long terms.discourage B.decrease C.disturb D.reduce6.The management has decided to have the offices painted in such a way that the walls _ the new carpets we have bought.A.fit B.suit C.befit D.match7.We expect certain sizable orders _for withi

24、n the next two months and ask if we may deferpayment of your account from August 2 to October 30.A.to be paid B.to be paying C.paying D.for being 8.If a businessman has not been thinking about the Net by this time,theres a serious problem.Five years from now,Internet commerce _ a big force.A.is B.be

25、ing C.will be D.to be9.The current internet hype has _ with business;rather,it is more related with the development of technology.A.anything do B.anything to do C.nothing to do D.nothing do to 10.In mass media,big advertising dollars rule.But by doing business on the Net,a small firm might just as e

26、ffectively _ through search engine.get itself know B.get himself knowA.C.get itself known D.get known himselfIII.Grammar Gerund(I)1.Complete the sentences._（每天洗冷水澡）does him a lot of good.2.It is not worth _(跟6岁的孩子生气).3._(在空难中死亡了105名乘客)shocked the world.4.They went to Manchester with the object of _(

27、赢得世界锦标赛).5.American businessmen have difficulty _(明白日本对手).2.Put the verbs in brackets into gerund,adding proper prepositions before them if necessary.I wasted a whole day _(go)through piles of old letters.We are in favour _(abolish)the rule.Most people prefer _(spend)to _(earn).I am responsible _(he

28、,make)a nuisance of himself.Can you forgive _(he,treat)you like that?By selling council houses,we are able to devote more money _(build)fresh properties.I attributed his failure _(he,be)so lazy.Those men were engaged _(smuggle)watches into England.I cant help _(sneeze);I caught a cold yesterday.10.I

29、 did not refer _(see)you there because I thought you might be furious _(have)peoples attention drawn to your movements.Translate the following sentences into English.1.劳动力市场供需平衡的调查数据显示，2010年初劳动力市场状况继续改善。而最近的新闻媒体也报道了沿海地区的农民工短缺状况。2.经济刺激计划以基础设施投资为核心，同时结合转移支付的增加、消费补贴和减税。3.基于国民经济核算账户，2009年投资实际增长约18%，是自19

30、93年以来增长最快的一年。4.在危机之初，中国的出口下滑幅度甚至超过了其贸易伙伴的进口下降。但是，随着全球经济情况的改善，中国的出口也有令人瞩目的复苏。5.如果不是由于原材料价格下跌幅度远远大于制成品，使中国的贸易条件约有所改善，贸易盈余的下降还会更严重。V.Translate the following sentences in the text into Chinese.1.Nonetheless,the lending surge was actually fairly broad based.Infrastructure made up one-half of total medium

31、 and long term lending in 2009,compared to one-third in 2007.Medium and long term lending to manufacturing,real estate(including mortgages)and other sectors also soared by more than 100 percent.2.Incomes and consumption were further supported by falling consumer prices for much of 2009(which boosted

32、 purchasing power);higher government transfers;and other measures such as lower consumption taxes for small cars and subsidies for rural consumption of electronic appliances.3.With imports strong,external trade subtracted heavily from growth in 2009.Processing import volumes tracked processing expor

33、t volumes while normal,non processing imports were boosted by the strong domestic demand.4.Since end-2008 the RMB(yuan)has been re-pegged to the dollar.However,a large and increasing part of Chinas trade is with countries other than the United States.Thus,as a result of movements of the U.S.dollar v

34、ersus other currencies,movements in Chinas trade-weighted exchange rate have differed significantly from movements against the U.S.dollar.5.Food prices increased together with international food prices and because of unusually cold weather in China in the last months of 2009.The residential componen

35、t of consumer prices also rose as imputed housing rent increased in line with higher house prices and utility prices were raised.VI.Write a summary of the text in about 120 words.VII.Write a one-paragraph composition entitled“Real estate market,housing prices have risen rapidly“Complete the paragrap

36、h with five to seven sentences,using the words phrases given below.economic growth,ample liquidity,stock market prices,heat up,property price,downturn VIII.Discuss with your partner consumer price inflation.1.gross domestic product(GDP)国内生产总值国内生产总值 Gross domestic product(GDP)refers to the market val

37、ue of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period.It is often considered an indicator of a countrys standard of living.Gross domestic product is related to national accounts,a subject in macroeconomics.GDP can be determined in three ways,all of which should,in principle,

38、give the same result.They are the product(or output)approach,the income approach,and the expenditure approach.2.consumption tax 消费税消费税 A consumption tax is a tax on spending on goods and services.The tax base of such a tax is the money spent on consumption.Consumption taxes are usually indirect,such

39、 as a sales tax or value added tax.However it can also be structured as a form of direct,personal taxation,such as an expenditure tax.3.fixed assets 国定资产国定资产 Fixed assets,also known as a non-current asset or as property,plant,and equipment,is a term used in accounting for assets and property which c

40、annot easily be converted into cash.This can be compared with current assets such as cash or bank accounts,which are described as liquid assets.In most cases,only tangible assets are referred to as fixed.4.labour markets 劳动力市场劳动力市场 Labour economics seeks to understand the functioning and dynamics of

41、 the market for labour.Labour markets function through the interaction of workers and employers.Labour economics looks at the suppliers of labour services(workers),the demanders of labour services(employers),and attempts to understand the resulting pattern of wages,employment,and income.5.current ac

42、count 经常性账户经常性账户 In economics,the current account is one of the two primary components of the balance of payments,the other being the capital account.The current account is the sum of the balance of trade(exports minus imports of goods and services),net factor income(such as interest and dividends)a

43、nd net transfer payments(such as foreign aid).The current account balance is one of two major measures of the nature of a countrys foreign trade(the other being the net capital outflow).A current account surplus increases a countrys net foreign assets by the corresponding amount,and a current accoun

44、t deficit does the reverse.Both government and private payments are included in the calculation.It is called the current account because goods and services are generally consumed in the current period.6.balance of trade 贸易收支贸易收支 The balance of trade(or net exports)is the difference between the monet

45、ary value of exports and imports of output in an economy over a certain period.It is the relationship between a nations imports and exports.A positive balance is known as a trade surplus if it consists of exporting more than is imported;a negative balance is referred to as a trade deficit or,informa

46、lly,a trade gap.The balance of trade is sometimes divided into a goods and a services balance.7.turnover tax 营业税营业税 A turnover tax is similar to a sales tax or a VAT,with the difference that it taxes intermediate and possibly capital goods.It is an indirect tax,typically on an ad valorem basis,appli

47、cable to a production process or stage.For example,when manufacturing activity is completed,a tax may be charged on some companies.Sales tax occurs when merchandise has been sold.8.inflation 通货膨胀通货膨胀 In economics,inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy

48、over a period of time.When the general price level rises,each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services.Consequently,inflation also reflects erosion in the purchasing power of money a loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy.A chief measure of pri

49、ce inflation is the inflation rate,the annualized percentage change in a general price index(normally the Consumer Price Index)over time.9.valuation effects 汇价变动汇价变动 Valuation effects of a country are the changes in the value of assets it holds abroad,minus the changes in the value of domestic asset

50、s held by foreign investors.The traditional balance of payment identity ignores valuation effects,only recognizes that changes in the net foreign assets are fully captured by the current account.BackBackII.1.wordsin-wordsim-gloriousingloriousmoralimmoralarticulateinarticulatepatientimpatientcapablei