肺炎疫情与高中英语相关高频词汇及考点.docx

1、肺炎疫情与高中英语相关高频词汇及考点肺炎疫情与高中英语相关高频词汇及考点 病毒病名相关病毒病名相关 新型冠状病毒肺炎 Novel coronavirus pneumonia 病毒 virus / va rs/ 冠状病毒 coronavirus /k,run vairs/ 新型冠状病毒 novel coronavirus 肺炎 pneumonia /numoni/ 非典型性肺炎 SARS=Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 中东呼吸综合征 MERS=Middle East Respiratory Syndrome 细菌 bacteria /b k t r / 疫情

2、词汇疫情词汇 疫情 epidemic situation 疫苗 vaccine 封城 lockdown of the city 隔离 quarantine / kwrntin/ 感染者 infected individual 野生动物 wild animals 飞沫传播 droplet transmission 人传人 human-to-human transmission 潜伏期 incubation / kju be n/ 疑似病例 suspected case 确诊病例 confirmed case 重症患者 patient in critical condition 国际公共卫生紧急事

3、件 （PHEIC） PHEIC=Public Health Emergency of International Concern 重大突发公共卫生事件一级响应 first-level public health emergency response 症状词汇症状词汇 症状 symptom / s mptm/ 发烧 fever / fiv/ 咳嗽 cough /kf/ 气短 shortness of breath 乏力 fatigue /f tig/ 呼吸困难 dyspnea /d sp ni/ 打喷嚏 sneeze /sniz/ 流鼻涕 runny nose 防护词汇防护词汇 消毒 disin

4、fect / d s n fekt/ 离群 stay away from crowds 通风 improve air circulation 隔离 quarantine / kwrn tin/ 勤洗手 wash hands more often 戴口罩 wear a mask 医用口罩 surgical maskN95 口罩 N95 respirator / rspret/ 面罩 face shield 一次性手套 disposable gloves 护目镜 goggle / l/ 防护衣 protective clothing 额温枪 forehead thermometer 考点考点 1：

5、冠状病毒：冠状病毒 coronavirus 冠状病毒 =corona+virus 冠状的+病毒 此次“新型冠状病毒”的英文是 novel coronavirus 这里的 novel 不是“小说”而是一个形 容词，表示“新型的”比如 a novel feature(新特性)例： Before this outbreak, six coronaviruses had been identified in humans. Four caused relatively mild cold-like symptoms while the other two, Sars and Middle East r

6、espiratory syndrome (Mers), can be fatal. 此次疫情爆发之前，已知的人类冠状病毒有 6 种。四种引起相对轻度的类似感冒症状，而另 外两种非典和中东呼吸综合征(MERS)可能致命。 coronavirus /k ronva rs / 冠状病毒 这个词，可分解为两部分：corona：冠状物 (我们所说的 “日冕” 与 “光圈”，也是这 个词)virus：病毒 Now，the fatal infectious disease caused by “Coronavirus“ is called as “Chinese Pneumonia“ on the Inte

7、rnet. 现在，由于“冠状病毒”所引起的致命性传染病，在网络上被称之为“中国肺炎”。 fatal / fe tl / ：a. 致命的;毁灭性的;灾难性的 (对于目前的状况来看，这的确是很丧的一个词 儿!) infectious disease/ n fek s d ziz / ：传染病 infectious / n fek s /：a.传染的 由 infect (v. 传染;感染)+ ious(形容词后缀)构成 infect / n fekt /：v. 传染;感染 由 in (进入，使。)+ fect (做) 构成 咱可以想一下儿： 传染或感染，不正是有害物质或病毒，侵入体内，对健康的肌体做

8、坏事儿进行破坏吗? infection / n fek n /：n. 传染 由 infect + -ion (名词后缀)构成 pneumonia / nu mon / n. 肺炎这个词，是由 pneumon- (肺)+ -ia (疾病名词后缀)构成 冠状病毒通常通过以下途径传播： 1. the air by coughing and sneezing 经由空气传播，比如咳嗽、打喷嚏 2. close personal contact, such as touching or shaking hands 通过人与人之间的近距离接触传播，比如触摸或者握手 3. touching an object

9、 or surface with the virus on it, then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes before washing your hands 通过触摸物品或感染病毒的用品表面传播，原因在于没洗手就触摸嘴、鼻和眼睛 4. rarely, fecal contamination 还有一种比较少见的，就是通过粪便传染 考点考点 2：如何预防冠状病毒：如何预防冠状病毒 1. Clean hands with soap and water or alcohol-based hand rub.用肥皂或者用含酒精的洗手液 洗手。 2. Cover n

10、ose and mouth when coughing and sneezing with tissue or flexed elbow.咳嗽或打喷嚏 时，用面巾纸或屈肘捂住口鼻。 3. Avoid close contact with anyone with cold or flu-like symptoms.避免跟有感冒或流感症状的 人密切接触。 4. Thoroughly cook meat and eggs.将肉类和鸡蛋彻底煮熟。 5. Avoid unprotected contact with live wild or farm animals. 避免在未加防护的情况下接触野 生动

11、物或家畜。 考点考点 3：外媒报道：外媒报道 1. 什么是冠状病毒什么是冠状病毒? What is a coronavirus?Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses that are common among animals. In rare cases, they are what scientists call zoonotic, meaning they can betransmitted (传 播，动词) from animals to humans, according to the US Centers for Disease Con

12、trol and Prevention. 冠状病毒是一大类常见于动物的病毒的总称。 据美国疾病控制和预防中心称，在极少数情况下，科学家称之为“人畜共患疾病”，这意味 着它们可以从动物传染给人类。 2. 冠状病毒症状冠状病毒症状 Coronavirus symptoms The viruses can make people sick, usually with a mild to moderate upper respiratory tract (上呼 吸道) illness, similar to a common cold. For those with a weakened immune

13、 system, the elderly and the very young, theres a chance the virus could cause a lower, and much more serious, respiratory tract illness like a pneumonia (肺 炎) or bronchitis (支气管炎). There are a handful of human coronaviruses that are known to be deadly (致命的), such as Middle East respiratory syndrome

14、 (MERS) and SARS (Severe acute respiratory syndrome). The Wuhan coronavirus is currently thought to be more mild than SARS and MERS and takes longer to develop symptoms. Patients to date have typically experienced a mild cough for a week followed by shortness of breath (呼吸急促). So far, around 15% to

15、20% of cases have become severe, requiring, for example, ventilation in the hospital. 通常表现为轻中度上呼吸道疾病，症状类似于普通感冒。对于免疫力较弱的老年人和儿童， 病毒有可能导致更严重的下部呼吸道疾病，如肺炎或支气管炎。 有些冠状病毒是致命的，如中东呼吸综合征(MERS)和 SARS。 目前认为，武汉冠状病毒相较 SARS 和 MERS 更为温和，潜伏时间更长。到目前为止，患者 通常在一周内出现轻微咳嗽，随后出现呼吸急促症状。目前，大约 15%到 20%的病例病情出 现恶化情况，需要入院并接受呼吸机治疗。

16、 3. 传播途径传播途径 How it spreadsViruses can spread from human contact (接触) with animals. When it comes to human-to-human transmission (传播，名词) of the viruses, often it happens when someone comes into contact with an infected persons secretions (分泌物), such as droplets (小水滴，飞沫) in a cough.Depending on how v

17、irulent the virus is, a cough, sneeze or handshake could causeexposure (暴露，接触). The virus can also be transmitted by touching something an infected person has touched and then touching your mouth, nose or eyes. 病毒可通过人类与动物的接触传播。 病毒在人与人之间传播时，通常发生在接触到感染者的分泌物时，例如咳嗽时的飞沫。 根据病毒的毒力，咳嗽、打喷嚏或握手都可能导致暴露。这种病毒也可以通

18、过触摸被感染者 触摸过的东西，然后触摸嘴、鼻子或眼睛来传播。 4. 感染人群感染人群 Who is affected?MERS, SARS and the Wuhan coronavirus appear to cause more severe disease in older people, though uncertainty remains around the latest outbreak (爆发). Of the cases of Wuhan coronavirus reported so far, none are yet confirmed to be among child

19、ren. The average age is people 40 or over. 尽管最近的武汉冠状病毒疫情仍不确定，但 MERS、SARS 和武汉冠状病毒似乎在老年人中会 引起更严重的症状。在迄今报道的武汉冠状病毒病例中，尚未证实有儿童感染。感染者平均 年龄在 40 岁以上。 5. 冠状病毒感染的治疗冠状病毒感染的治疗 Coronavirus treatmentThere is no specific treatment, but research is underway. Most of the time, symptoms willgo away on their own (自行消失

20、) and experts advise seeking care early. If symptoms feel worse than a standard cold, see your doctor.Doctors can relieve (缓解) symptoms by prescribing (开处方) a pain or fever medication. 目前还没有具体的治疗方法，但研究仍在进行中。多数情况下症状会自行消失，但专家建议 尽早寻求治疗。如果症状比标准感冒更严重，请看医生。 医生可以通过开止痛药或退烧药来缓解症状。 6. 武汉新型冠状病毒严重程度武汉新型冠状病毒严重程度

21、 Should you worry about the Wuhan coronavirus?The Wuhan coronavirus fatality rate (致死率) is lower than for SARS and MERS, but stillcomparable (相当) to the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic (大 流行病). The fatality rate is likely to be lower due to an “iceberg“ of milder cases we are yet to find. 武汉冠状病毒死亡率低于 SARS

22、 和 MERS，但仍与 1918 年西班牙流感大流行相当。真实的病 死率可能会更低，因为可能有大量较轻病例尚未发现。 7. 如何预防如何预防 How can you can prevent it?You may be able to reduce your risk of infection (感染) by avoiding people who are sick. Try to avoid touching your eyes, nose and mouth. Wash your hands often with soap and water and for at least 20 seco

23、nds.Awareness is key. If you are sick and have reason to believe it may be the Wuhan coronavirus due to travel to the region or coming into contact with someone who has been there, you should let a health care provider know and seek treatment early.Cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze, and disinfect (消毒) the objects and surfaces you touch. 可以通过避开病人来降低感染的风险。尽量避免触摸眼睛、鼻子和嘴巴。经常用肥皂洗手， 每次洗手至少 20 秒的时间。 预防意识是关键。 如果你前往过武汉或与曾去过那里的人接触， 有理由怀疑自己感染了武汉 冠状病毒，应报告医疗机构并尽早寻求治疗。咳嗽或喷嚏时捂住口鼻，并对触摸的物体和表 面进行消毒。